Study on Petal-Sepal Mutant of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) after Space Mutation

In this paper, we studied the morphological, histological and photosynthetic characteristics of the stably inherited sunflower petal-sepal mutant, and it was obtained by the space radiation-induced mutagenesis. Afterwards, we got following results: 1) The morphological characteristics represented that the inflorescence of petal-sepal mutant maintained the appearance and structure of capitulum, whereas no explicit tubular flower or ligulate flower was differentiated. 2) The histological characteristics revealed that the petal-sepal mutant only completed the inflorescence development and the differentiation of sepal primordia and inflorescence primordia, without entering the differentiation stage of tubular flower primordia, ligulate flower primordia, stamen primordia or pistil primordia. 3) The photosynthetic characteristics showed that the photosynthetic rate, transpiration and stomatal conductance of petal-sepal mutant were relatively weaker than the control plants. In the end, we concluded that the petal-sepal mutant of sunflower had only inflorescence differentiation, while several mutant genes were caused by radiation-induced mutation, which entered an infinitely recurrent development process rather than the floral differentiation stage. We also observed a few chloroplast structures in the paraffin section, combined with the results of photosynthetic characteristics of petal-sepal mutant, and then we believed that the inflorescence of petal-sepal mutant was involved in photosynthesis to accumulate energy for plant growth.

Genome sequencing provides insights into Caprifoliaceae genome evolution and the mechanism underlying second blooming phenomenon in Heptacodium miconioides

Plants of the Caprifoliaceae family are widely cultivated worldwide as ornamental plants owing to their numerous,sweet-smelling,beautiful flowers and fruits.Heptacodium miconioides Rehd.,a member of the family,is endemic to eastern China and is cultivated as a popular ornamental plant in North America and European countries.It has a rather novel and beautiful trait of high horticultural value,that is,its sepals persist and enlarge,turning purplish red.Here,we report the chromosome-level genome assembly of H.miconioides to understand its evolution and floral characteristics.The 622.28 Mb assembled genome harbored a shared whole-genome duplication with a related species,Lonicera japonica.Comparative genomic analysis suggested that chromosome fission events following genome duplication underlie the unusual chromosome number of these two species,as well as chromosome fission of another five chromosomes in H.miconioides,giving rise to a haploid chromosome number of 14(versus 9 in L.japonica).In addition,based on transcriptome and chloroplast genome analysis of 17 representative species in the Caprifoliaceae,we assumed that large structural variations in the chromosomes of H.miconioides were not caused by hybridization.Changes in the candidate genes of the MADS-box family were detected in the H.miconioides genome,including AP1-,AP3-,and SEPexpanded,which might underlie the sepal elongation and development in this species.The current findings provided a critical resource for genome evolution studies in Caprifoliaceae and it was an example of how multi-omics data can elucidate the regulation of important ornamental traits.

‘玉露香梨’生长素烟酰胺合成酶基因GH3克隆及其生物信息特征研究

[目的]‘玉露香梨’果实萼片宿存严重降低其商品价值,筛选并鉴定其果实萼片发育关键基因,可为从分子水平培育萼片脱落的梨果实提供参考基因。[方法]以棚架栽培的‘玉露香梨’为试材,结合前期BSA基因定位测序数据,对候选基因表达特征进行验证、克隆并分析2个生长素酰胺合成酶基因GH3家族生物信息特征。[结果]基因PbGH3.3(Pbr007550)和PbGH3.4(Pbr030571)在萼片的表达量排名第二;PbGH3.3和PbGH3.4 CDS长度均为1806 bp,编码601个氨基酸,其中二者存在7个氨基酸序列的差异,编码的蛋白PbGH3.3和PbGH3.4序列与苹果MdGH3.1的同源性最高;属于不稳定性蛋白,无信号肽的存在,定位于细胞质;利用NCBI网站CCD工具分析发现均具有GH3蛋白家族的GH3 superfamliy保守结构域,蛋白质三级建模后发现为GH3.1 AUXIN缀合酶,涉及生长素稳态,属于GH3蛋白家族。STRING互作网络蛋白成员GO和KEGG功能富集分析表明PbGH3.3参与植物激素尤其是生长素信号通路,推测PbGH3.3和PbGH3.4可能在‘玉露香梨’果实萼片脱落中通过IAA信号通路发挥生物学功能。

Synthesis of cell-penetrated nitrogen-doped carbon dots by hydrothermal treatment of eggplant sepals

Novel nitrogen doped carbon quantum dots were successfully fabricated by a hydrothermal method wxth eggplam sepals as carbon source. The carbon materials were characterized by transmission electron microscopy （TEM）, UV-Vis adsorption, Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy （FTIR）, fluorescence and the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS） measurements, respectively. The carbon quantum dots showed excellent photoluminescence property with high stability in phosphate buffer solution with different pH values from 5 to 9, even in the cell culture medium supplied with the fetal bovine serum. Meanwhile, we also studied the interaction of carbon quantum dots with living HeLa cells with confocal microscopy. Our results indicated that the carbon quantum dots can enter the living HeLa cells by cellular penetration.

绣球茜花萼的差异表达基因分析及其颜色调控转录因子的筛选

绣球茜(Dunnia sinensis)是我国广东特有的、国家二级珍稀濒危植物,有明显脉纹的白色变态花萼裂片,具有良好的观赏价值,但目前尚未有其基因组信息。为研究绣球茜花萼发育的分子调控机制,挖掘相关的功能基因,对其萼片、果实、叶片及花瓣进行RNA-seq和差异基因表达分析,以期筛选萼片特异表达基因或信号途径。结果表明,与叶片相比,萼片差异表达的基因有3972个,主要富集于代谢途径、次生代谢生物合成、光合作用、苯丙类生物合成等途径。与花瓣相比,萼片差异表达的基因有9680个(上调3616个,下调6024个,FC>2),主要富集于植物激素、苯丙类生物合成、植物与病原互作、次生代谢生物合成等途径。与果实相比,萼片差异表达的基因有4655个(上调1827个,下调2828个,FC>2),富集的途径和参与调控途径近似于花瓣的转录组。聚类分析表明,参与萼片发育且特异高表达的转录因子主要有3类:ERFs、MYBs和WRKYs,其中MYB家族的DsTMYB3可能参与萼片的颜色调控。组织的高表达基因分析表明,UBI11启动子在各组织中广泛表达,而CSLG2启动子等特异在花萼高表达,这些基因的启动子将作为遗传工具驱动目的基因组成型表达或特异表达于花萼。通过分析绣球茜花萼和其他组织的差异表达基因,获得了可能参与萼片颜色调节的相关转录因子和启动子,这将为绣球茜的遗传转化和功能研究提供基础。

CUTIN SYNTHASE 2 Maintains Progressively Developing Cuticular Ridges in Arabidopsis Sepals

The cuticle is a crucial barrier on the aerial surfaces of land plants, in many plants, including Arabidopsis, the sepals and petals form distinctive nanoridges in their cuticles. However, little is known about how the formation and maintenance of these nanostructures is coordinated with the growth and development of the underlying cells. Here we report the characterization of the Arabidopsis cutin synthase 2 （cus2） mutant, which causes a great reduction in cuticular ridges on the mature sepal epidermis, but only a moderate effect on petal cone cell ridges. Using scanning electron microscopy and confocal live imaging combined with quantification of cellular growth, we find that cuticular ridge formation progresses down the sepal from tip to base as the sepal grows, pCUS2：：GFP-GUS reporter expression coincides with cutic- ular ridge formation, descending the sepal from tip to base. Ridge formation also coincides with the reduction in growth rate and termination of cell division of the underlying epidermal cells. Surprisingly, cuticular ridges at first form normally in the cus2 mutant, but are lost progressively at later stages of sepal development, indicating that CUS2 is crucial for the maintenance of cuticular ridges after they are formed~ Our results reveal the dynamics of both ridge formation and maintenance as the sepal grows.

Yield of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) as Influenced by Manure and Nitrogen Fertilizer Application

Field experiments were carried out on roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L) during the 2019 and 2020 cropping seasons at the CSIR-SARI Research Station at Manga in the Upper East Region of Ghana. The aim of the experiment was to study the response of roselle to cowdung, nitrogen fertilizer and their interaction on the growth and yield of roselle. The treatments consisted of factorial combination of five rates of cowdung (0, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5 and 4.5 t/ha) and five levels of nitrogen (0, 20, 40, 60 and 80 kgN/ha) laid out in a randomized complete block design and replicated three times. Data were collected on days to 50% flowering, plant height, number of leaves per plant and dry calyx yield. The results indicated that differences in dry calyx yield due to the manure and nitrogen fertilizer effects were highly significant (P 0.01). Application rate of 2.5 t/ha manure recorded the highest yield of 340 kg/ha and 308.1 kg/ha in 2019 and 2020 respectively. Increasing manure rate from 2.5 - 3.5 t/ha did not result in significant increases in dry calyx yield. The four rates differed significantly from the control which had the least calyx yield of 190.3 kg/ha and 180 kg/ha in 2019 and 2020 respectively. Nitrogen rate of 60 kg/ha recorded the highest dry calyx yield of 510.5 kg/ha and 370.4 kg/ha in 2019 and 2020 respectively which were significantly different from calyx yields recorded by other treatments. The trend on partial budget analysis was consistent in both seasons with the highest yielding treatments (2.5 t/ha cowdung manure and 60 kg/ha) recording the highest net benefit while the control (0 kg/ha) ranked last. The application rate of 2.5 t/ha of cowdung and 60 kg/ha of Nitrogen is thus recommended for optimum roselle production and productivity in the study area.

Determination of Collection Standard of Cotton Ovlues on Different Days before Flowering

[Objective]The aim was to determine the collection standard of cotton ovules on different days before flowering,and then to more clearly study the changes in gene expression of cotton ovules before and after blooming.[Method]The standard to distinguish ovules in Xinluzao 13 on different days before flowering was defined by the length and width of alabasterum and sepal.[Result]The alabasterum length increased gradually with approaching of flowering time,while other parameters did not show the same tendency.Therefore,the alabasterum length was chosen as the standard to determine the ovules on different days before flowering.The results of statistics analysis revealed that the alabstrums with length of 1.0-1.2,1.3-1.5 cm and more than 1.7 cm respectively were determined as the standards for ovules collection on 5,3 and 1 d before flowering.[Conclusion]This study will provide not only the reference data for the collection of ovules sample in the following experiment,but also the basis for more precisely detecting the changes in gene expression of ovules before and after flowering.

砀山酥梨幼果花萼发育及其调控技术研究

为了研究砀山酥梨（Pyrus bretshneidericv.Dangshansu pear）果实萼片生长发育规律,探讨生长调节物质对果实萼片生长发育及果实品质的影响,于盛花期调查不同序位幼果花萼脱落与宿存情况,并分别对不同植株喷布浓度均为50 mg.L-1的PBO、PP333和GA3。果实成熟后,对各处理果实品质进行测定分析。研究结果表明,第1~6序位果实花萼脱落率分别为70.49%、74.19%、81.48%、86.00%、88.24%和68.75%。人工喷布生长调节物质PBO和PP333后,幼果花萼平均脱落率分别比对照提高19.48%和14.77%;喷施GA3后,其幼果花萼平均脱落率比对照降低58.15%。喷施3种调节物质后,坐果率分别比对照降低11.15%、25.27%和17.37%。不同处理幼果花萼脱落率、坐果率差异均达显著水平。与对照相比,喷布GA3后,脱萼果可溶性糖含量降低,维生素C、石细胞含量增加;喷布PP333后,脱萼果果肉硬度降低,果形指数增大。由此可见,GA3处理能抑制幼果花萼脱落,喷布PBO、PP333可以促进果实花萼脱落。

酶解－超声协同提取茄蒂多糖及抗氧化研究

以茄蒂为原料,研究了酶解超声协同提取茄蒂多糖条件及抗氧化能力。在pH5、50℃水浴温度下用1%纤维素酶酶解30min,采用响应面法优化超声提取茄蒂多糖条件。通过测定对羟自由基、超氧自由基清除能力和总还原力,评价茄蒂多糖抗氧化活性。结果表明,茄蒂多糖最佳提取条件为:料液比1∶36(g/mL),超声时间22min,超声温度68℃。在此条件下多糖得率为5.49%。茄蒂多糖对羟自由基、超氧自由基清除能力和还原力均表现较好的效果,其清除羟自由基、超氧自由基的IC50值分别为0.12、0.22mg/mL。茄蒂多糖抗氧化性略低于VC。

授粉品种对砀山酥梨坐果及果实萼片宿存的影响

为明确砀山酥梨较高的坐果花朵序位和脱萼率高的授粉品种,以12个不同梨品种为授粉品种,通过田间试验,研究了不同品种授粉对砀山酥梨不同花朵序位坐果率、花萼宿存的影响。试验结果表明:不同序位花朵以第3序位坐果率最高;不同方位花朵坐果率无显著差异。不同授粉品种试验结果,红酥脆授粉坐果率最高,达70.30%;紫酥授粉坐果率最低,为25.24%,不同品种授粉坐果率差异达显著水平。不同品种授粉,果实脱萼率以新世纪为最高,黄冠次之,茌梨最低。该试验结果为砀山酥梨优质高效生产提供了技术依据。

茄蒂黄酮提取工艺及抗氧化性研究

目的研究茄蒂黄酮提取工艺及体外抗氧化能力。方法在料液比、乙醇浓度和超声时间三个单因素实验基础上,利用Box-Behnken设计模型,研究三个自变量对茄蒂黄酮产量的影响。采用邻二氮菲-Fe2+-H2O2氧化法、邻苯三酚自氧化法、二苯基苦味酰基苯肼自由基体系、还原力实验进行抗氧化活性测定。结果提取最佳条件为:料液比1∶26(g/mL),乙醇质量分数73%,超声时间30 min。在此条件下黄酮产量为37.09 mg/g。其清除.OH、O2-.、DPPH.的IC50值分别为0.47、0.58、0.068 mg/mL,还原力的IC0.5值为0.60 mg/mL。相比之下提取液对DPPH.清除作用最为显著。结论茄蒂黄酮提取物具有较强的抗氧化活性。

小花草玉梅变态花萼片的形态学研究

运用宏观形态学和光学显微镜方法,对小花草玉梅Anemone rivularis var. flore-minore正常花和变态花的花被片进行了比较研究,以期更好地理解该分类群花被片变态过程。研究结果显示,该植物正常花中的花被片一般5(-8)枚,白色,倒卵形,全缘,可达1.3×0.5 cm,叶脉为开放的二叉分枝状,只在背面的顶端具少量毛被;其上表面未观察到气孔器,下表面具少量的气孔器。变态花中的花被片数目可达20枚;变态花被片显示出苞片或叶的形态特征:具网状脉,绿色,倒卵形或椭圆形,可达5×3 cm,两面密被毛,全缘或3裂,裂片边缘又浅裂或有锯齿,背腹面均具气孔器且数目随着变态程度的增加而增加。正常花被片与强烈变态的花被片之间在数目、形状、大小、颜色、边缘是否分裂、脉序及气孔器和毛被的数目等方面存在着连续的变态梯度。小花草玉梅变态花被片的叶状特征表明,这种表现叶性器官特征的变态可能是一种返祖现象,被子植物花萼片可能与苞片具有相同的起源。

番茄萼片形态的初步观察

对85份番茄和樱桃番茄自交系萼片形态进行了观察,发现从开花到果实红熟,萼片与果实纵轴夹角从小于90°逐渐变化到大于180°,红熟期萼片呈现基平、上翘、直立和上卷4种形态。基平,萼片伸展方向与果实纵轴夹角在90°～100°范围内;上翘,萼片伸展方向与果实纵轴夹角在101°～170°范围内;直立,萼片伸展方向与果实纵轴夹角在171°～180°范围内;上卷,萼片伸展方向与果实纵轴夹角大于180°,且萼片向内卷曲。其中基平型占4.71%,上翘型占1.18%,直立型占17.65%,上卷型占76.47%。

黄瓜子叶培养物花芽形成过程的观察

黄瓜（Ｃｕｃｕｍｉｓｓａｔｉｖｕｓ）子叶培养物在离体培养２～５ｄ时，在子叶柄上可见花原基，再过２～３ｄ，可见花原基上产生一轮二次突起，标志着花原基分化已经开始。培养基中添加ｋｉｎｅｔｉｎ（ＫＴ），可以明显增加花原基的形成数。

急性心肌梗死合并不同部位心脏破裂的临床特征及预后

目的分析急性心肌梗死合并不同部位心脏破裂的临床特征及预后情况。方法回顾性分析2009年4月—2015年3月于广东省人民医院确诊为急性心肌梗死并发游离璧破裂及室间隔穿孔患者的临床资料,根据超声定位,将75例入选患者分为游离璧破裂组10例、室间隔心尖段穿孔组40例、室间隔其它部位穿孔组(包括后室间隔基底段、室间隔中下段等部位) 25例。比较3组患者间一般临床资料、住院相关检验、检查结果、住院用药、冠脉造影、手术治疗、预后转归等情况。结果 3组患者间在年龄、性别(女性)、糖尿病、吸烟、AMI起病至诊断心脏破裂时间等组间比较,差别无统计学意义(P> 0. 05)。AMI合并高血压患者,3组间比较有差别,室间隔心尖段穿孔组合并高血压比例高(P=0. 007)。3组患者间在下璧心梗、前壁心梗、右室心梗的差别无统计学意义。罪犯血管为前降支比例最高,组间比较无差别(P> 0. 05)。游离璧破裂组波立维、阿司匹林使用率高于其它2组(P <0. 05)。3组间康复出院患者中,室间隔心尖段穿孔患者比例最高(40%),差别有统计学意义(P=0. 003)。结论急性心肌梗死合并高血压患者中更易出现室间隔心尖段穿孔,高血压患者应严格控制血压达标,改善心室重构。游离璧破裂患者病死率极高,阿司匹林、波立维的使用,在游离璧破裂组中使用率最高,考虑与患者疾病本身严重程度相关。

采用主动固定电极导线行右室流出道间隔部起搏的临床应用

目的 比较右室主动固定电极和被动电极导线应用结果，探索右室主动固定电极导线临床应用的可行性。方法 需要安置心脏起搏器患者59例，其中男20例、女39例；年龄在75．6±23．8（54-92）岁。患者为缓慢性心律失常或者严重心力衰竭。30例被动电极组，固定部位为右室心尖部；主动电极组29例，电极固定部位为右室流出道。结果 主动电极组与被动电极组即刻起搏参数比较没有明显的差异（起搏阈值：0．62±0．19V vs 0．78±0．09V，P〉0．05）。在出院后1，3，6个月随访起搏阈值与置入时比较也没有差异。只有1例出现主动电极从右室流出道间隔部脱位。主动电极置入时间和曝光时间较被动电极明显延长（45．03±1．99min vs 13．69±11．37min；17．88±7．23min vs 89．78±3．55min，P均〈0．05）。结论 使用主动固定电极进行右室流出道间隔部起搏是可行和安全的。

超声心动图在房间隔缺损介入封堵治疗术的应用进展

介入封堵术已成为临床上治疗继发孔型房间隔缺损首选的治疗方法,超声心动图在术前选择病例、确定封堵器型号、术中监测以及术后随诊方面具有重要的临床价值。现就其在介入封堵术中的应用进展做一综述。

酸浆宿萼挥发性成分的研究

目的:研究酸浆宿萼挥发性成分的组成。方法:采用气相色谱-质谱联机的分析方法,分析酸浆宿萼挥发油的化学成分。结果:鉴定了酸浆宿萼挥发油中的16个化合物。结论:酸浆宿萼的挥发性成分中脂肪酸类为主要成分,其中辛酸占42.08%,十六酸占22.81%。

棉花开花前不同天数胚珠的采集标准检测

[目的]检测棉花开花前不同天数胚珠的采集标准,以期更清楚地研究棉花开花前后胚珠中基因的表达变化。[方法]采用花苞长、花苞宽、萼片长和萼片宽4种不同的参数来标准化陆地棉新陆早13号开花前不同天数棉花胚珠的特征。[结果]只有花苞长随花期的临近逐渐增长,而其他参数均没有明显变化。因此,选择花苞长为检测开花前不同天数胚珠的标准。统计分析表明,确定以1.0~1.2cm长的花苞为标准采集开花前5 d的胚珠,以1.3~1.5 cm长的花苞为标准采集开花前3 d的胚珠,以1.7 cm以上的花苞为标准采集开花前1 d的胚珠。[结论]该研究结果为后期试验中开花前胚珠样品的采集提供参考数据,也为更精确检测开花前后胚珠中基因表达的变化奠定了基础。