Optimization of Parameters for Melt Crystallization of p-Cresol

Laboratory-scale experiments were carried out to evaluate the influences of operational parameters on the melt crystallization efficiency for p-cresol purification.The optimal crystallization conditions were determined:dynamic pulsed aeration at 90 L·h-1 and the cooling rate of 0.6-0.8 ℃·min-1,followed by sweating at 0.2-0.3 ℃·min-1 for 40 min.Results also demonstrate that the melt crystallization efficiency is sensitive to feed concentration,which highlights this technology for separation and purification of high purity products.

PHASE SEPARATION AND CRYSTALLIZATION OF CHALCOGENIDE GLASSES

In this paper the experimental results associated until the phase separation and nucleation and crystallization of chalcogenidc glasses are described. Experi-ments demonstrate that the phas separation may be affected by small amount of additives. It has been found that some chalcogenide glasses could be converted into glass-ceramics without phase separation. The different mechanisms of nucleated crystallization of chalcogenide glasses are discussed and propossed.

Synthesis and Separation Performance of Y-type Zeolite Membranes by Pre-Seeding Using Electrophoresis Deposition Method

Y-type zeolite membranes were synthesized by a two-step approach in which a particle seed layer was prepared by electrophoresis deposition(EPD) at first, followed by densification through secondary growth. The pre-seeding adopted the directing agent for Y-type zeolite synthesis serving as seeds. The effects of aging time of the directing agent, electrophoresis voltage and electrophoresis deposition time on seed layers quality as well as the quality of zeolite membranes were investigated. The results indicated that the zeolite seeds derived from the directing agent could be evenly deposited on substrate under certain EPD conditions. The XRD patterns of the seeded substrates after the secondary growth showed that the pure as-synthesized Y-type zeolite membranes had successfully grown on the substrates. The SEM images indicated that the substrate was covered by the highly intergrown zeolite crystals when the seeding solution employed the directing agent with an aging time of 2 days. The separation performance of zeolite membrane was evaluated using a CO_2/N2 mixture(with a mole ratio of 1:1) at different temperatures. Furthermore, the pervaporation measurements were carried out for the dehydration of isopropanol aqueous solutions with different mass fractions. The as-synthesized Y-type zeolite membranes exhibited a relatively high selectivity of water from isopropanol and sustainable permeation flux.

Crystal Growth and Nucleation in Glasses in the Lithium Silicate System

The crystal growth and nucleation in glasses in the lithium silicate system have been investigated. Phase separation in ultimately homogenized glasses of the lithium silicate system xLi2O·(100 ﹣ x)SiO2 (where x = 23.4, 26.0, 29.1, and 33.5 mol% Li2O) has been studied. The glasses of these compositions have been homogenized using the previously established special temperature-time conditions, which make it possible to provide a maximum dehydration and removal of bubbles from the glass melt. The parameters of nucleation and growth of phase separated in homogeneities and homogeneous crystal nucleation have been determined. The absolute values of the stationary nucleation rates Ist of lithium disilicate crystals in the 23.4Li2O·76.6SiO2, 26Li2O·74SiO2 and 29.1Li2O·70.9SiO2 glasses with the compositions lying in the metastable phase separation region have been compared with the corresponding rates Ist for the glass of the stoichiometric lithium disilicate composition 33.51Li2O·66.5SiO2. It has been found that the crystal growth rate has a tendency toward a monotonic increase with an increase in the temperature, whereas the dependences of the crystal growth rate on the time of low temperature heat treatment exhibit an oscillatory behavior with a monotonic decrease in the absolute value of oscillations. The character of crystallization in glasses with the compositions lying in the phase separation region of the Li2O-SiO2 system is compared with that in the glass of the stoichiometric lithium disilicate composition. The conclusion has been made that the phase separation weakly affects the nucleation parameters of the lithium disilicate and has a strong effect on the crystal growth.

Direct TEM Observation of Phase Separation and Crystallization in Cu_(45)Zr_(45)Ag_(10)Metallic Glass

The structural evolution of Cu_（45）Zr_（45）Ag_（10） metallic glass was investigated by in situ transmission electron microscopy heating experiments. The relationship between phase separation and crystallization was elucidated. Nucleation and growth-controlled nanoscale phase separation at early stage were seen to impede nanocrystallization, while a coarser phase separation via aggregation of Ag-rich nanospheres was found to promote the precipitation of Cu-rich nanocrystals.Coupling of composition and dynamics heterogeneities was supposed to play a key role during phase separation preceding crystallization.