Separation and Enrichment of Rare Earth Elements in Phosphorite in Xinhua,Zhijin,Guizhou

The phosphorite ores-deposits rich in rare earth elements(REE) in Zhijin, Xinhua, Guizhuo occurs in the early Cambrian Meishucun and at the bottom part of Qiongzhusi stage (the upper layer of phosphorites), belonging to Yangzi stratum section. The living creature scraps was proved existent in dolomitic-phosphorites by experiments, The REE could be extracted to provide the worthy data for the further using. Adopting the HNO3 to extract REE, through the ion exchange method, the REE recovery rate could be reached 85.44% , having certain reference value.

Fluorescence determination of platinum with dibromohydroxyphenyl-fluorone in microemulsion after separation and enrichment by sulfhydryl dextrose gel

A new fluorescence quenching method has been developed for the determination of platinum in nonionic microemulsion medium.This method is based on the fact that platinum can form a stable chelate with dibromohydroxyphenyl-fluorine（DBHPF） when they are in the molar ratio of 1：2 in the nonionic microemulsion medium.Under optimum conditions,the system,having the maximum excitation and emission wavelengths at 468 nm and 532 nm,respectively,shows constant fluorescence intensity in the pH range of 3.5-4.0 and high selectivity and sensitivity as well as low interference from foreign ions.Furthermore,this fluorescence intensity is a linear function of Pt（IV） concentration in the range of 0.002-1.00 μg·mL^-1 and the limit of detection is 2.90 ng·mL^-1.

Selective separation and enrichment of proteins in aqueous two-phase extraction system

A simple aqueous two-phase extraction system （ATPS） of PEG/phosphate was proposed for selective separation and enrichment of proteins. The combination of ATPE with HPLC was applied to identify the partition of proteins in two phases. Five proteins （bovine serum albumin, Cytochrome C, lysozyme, myoglobin, and trypsin） were used as model proteins to study the effect of phosphate concentration and pH on proteins partition. The PEG/phosphate system was firstly applied to real human saliva and plasma samples, some proteins showed obviously different partition in two phases. The primary results manifest the selective separation and enrichment of proteins in ATPS provided the potential for high abundance proteins depletion in proteomics. ~ 2009 Feng Qu. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Chinese Chemical Society. All rights reserved.

Catalytic spectrophotometric determination of trace selenium in microemulsion after separation and enrichment by SDG

A new catalytic spectrophotometric method was developed for the determination of trace amount of Se（Ⅳ） in microemulsion medium. The method is based on the catalytic effect of traces of Se（Ⅳ） on the oxidation of 2＇,4＇-dichlorophenylfluomne （p-CPF） by potassium bromate with HNO3 as an activator in the presence of nonionic microemulsion medium. Under optimum conditions, the calibration graph is linear in the range of 0.4-15 μg·L^-1 of Se（Ⅳ） at 480 nm. The detection limit achieved is 9.86 × 10^-10μg·L^-1. Samples were dissolved and the obtained trace Se（Ⅳ） was separated and enriched by sulphydryl dextrane gel （SDG）. The method has been applied for determination of trace selenium with satisfactory results.

Preparation of Chelating Cellulose Filters and Their Application to the Separation and Enrichment of Trace Elements

hreekinds of chelating cellulose filters were prepared and ten trace elements were preconcentrated simultaneously on the microcolumn that was filled with the chelating cellulose filters. Alkali and alkaline earth metal ions were quantitatively separated as matrix elements at the selected pH values. The microcolumn has high enrichment factors and recoveries.

Efficient and selective extraction of uranium from seawater based on a novel pulsed liquid chromatography radionuclide separation method

The novel pulsed liquid chromatography radionuclide separation method presented here provides a new and promising strategy for the extraction of uranium from seawater.In this study,a new chromatographic separation method was proposed,and a pulsed nuclide automated separation device was developed,alongside a new chromatographic column.The length of this chromatographic column was 10 m,with an internal warp of 3 mm and a packing size of 1 mm,while the total separation units of the column reached 12,250.The most favorable conditions for the separation of nuclides were then obtained through optimizing the separation conditions of the device:Sample pH in the column=2,sample injection flow rate=5.698 mL/min,chromatographic column heating temperature=60℃.Separation experiments were also carried out for uranium,europium,and sodium ions in mixed solutions;uranium and sodium ions in water samples from the Ganjiang River;and uranium,sodium,and magnesium ions from seawater samples.The separation factors between the different nuclei were then calculated based on the experimental data,and a formula for the separation level was derived.The experimental results showed that the separation factor in the mixed solution of uranium and europium(1:1)was 1.088,while achieving the initial separation of uranium and europium theoretically required a 47-stage separation.Considering the separation factor of 1.50for the uranium and sodium ions in water samples from the Ganjiang River,achieving the initial separation of uranium and sodium ions would have theoretically required at least a 21-stage separation.Furthermore,for the seawater sample separation experiments,the separation factor of uranium and sodium ions was 1.2885;therefore,more than 28 stages of sample separation would be required to achieve uranium extraction from seawater.The novel pulsed liquid chromatography method proposed in this study was innovative in terms of uranium separation and enrichment,while expanding the possibilities of extracting uranium from seawater through chromatography.

Recent advances of rhenium separation and enrichment in China： Industrial processes and laboratory trials

China is a major producer of rhenium, which is widely used in aerospace technologies （as superalloy） and petrochemical industries （as catalyst）. There is a gap between the demand and fact for the enrichment of rhenium, due to its rather small content （10-9） in the earth＇s crust. Also, there is no available single occurrence of mineral rhenium. Instead, the rhenium is associated with either molybdenum or copper （of up to 0.2% in content） as a by-product in metallurgical industry. This makes the separation of rhenium from the major mineral metals a challenge. The recent progresses in the separation and enrichment of rhenium were reviewed in this paper, especially, the advances in China. The details of varied separation methods used either in laboratories or factories, such as ion-exchange, solvent extraction, separation utilizing extractive resins, liquid membrane, or novel materials, etc., were elaborated. Comparison of the different methods was disclosed and an outlook on the rhenium chemistry and industry in the future was brought forward.

Opportunities and challenges of high-pressure ion exchange chromatography for nuclide separation and enrichment

With the rapid development of the nuclear industry,more-stringent requirements are proposed for highlevel radioactive waste liquid treatment and the enrichment of isotope products.High-pressure ion exchange chromatography has been widely accepted for the fine separation of elements and nuclides due to its advantages,such as high efficiency,environmental friendliness,ease of operation,and feasibility for large-scale industrial applications.Here,we summarized the evolution of high-pressure ion exchange chromatography and the relevant research progress in ion exchange equilibrium and related separation technology.The prospects for application of high-pressure ion exchange chromatography to rare earth elements,actinide elements and isotope separation were discussed.High-pressure ion exchange chromatography represents a promising strategy for the extraction of rare earth elements and actinide elements from high-level radioactive waste liquid,as well as being an effective method for the automated production of high purity isotope products with great environmental benefits.

Application of magnetic solid phase extraction in separation and enrichment of glycoproteins and glycopeptides

The analysis of endogenous glycoproteins and glycopeptides in human body fluids is of great importance for screening and discovering disease biomarkers with clinical significance.However,the presence of interfering substances makes the direct quantitative detection of low-abundance glycoproteins and glycopeptides in human body fluids one of the great challenges in analytical chemistry.Magnetic solid phase extraction(MSPE)has the advantages of easy preparation,low cost and good magnetic responsiveness.Magnetic adsorbents are the core of MSPE technology,and magnetic adsorbents based on different functional materials are widely used in the quantitative analysis of glycoproteins and glycopeptides in human body fluids,making it possible to analyze glycoproteins and glycopeptides with low abundance as well as multiple types,which provides a technical platform for screening and evaluating glycoproteins and glycopeptides in body fluids as disease biomarkers.In this paper,we focus on the recent advances in the application of MSPE technology and magnetic adsorbents for the separation and enrichment of glycoproteins and glycopeptides in human body fluids,and the future trends and application prospects in this field are also presented.

Study of spectrophotometric method for determination of trace copper after the separation and enrichment with solid phase extractant-microcrystalline phenolphthalein

A new method of using phenolphthalein loaded with 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol (PAN) as solid phase extractant to separate and enrich trace copper in diverse water samples has been developed. The ef- fects of different parameters, such as the amounts of PAN and phenolphthalein, stirring time, various salts and metal ions on the enrichment yield of Cu(II) have been investigated to select the experimental conditions. Under the optimum conditions, Cu(II) can be totally adsorbed on the surface of microcrys- talline phenolphthalein. By controlling appropriate acidity (pH=1.0), Cu(II) is completely separated from Cd(II), Pb(II), Mn(II), Co(II), Fe(III), Ni(II), Al(III), Zn(II) and Hg(II) in the solution. The possible reaction mechanism of the enrichment of copper is discussed in detail in this paper. The detection limit of this proposed method is found to be 0.03 μg·L-1 with the enrichment factor of 200. The recovery is in a range of 96.8%―105%. The standard deviation is less than 2.5%. The proposed method has been successfully applied to the determination of trace copper in different water samples with satisfactory results.

STUDY ON ENRICHMENT AND SEPARATION OF TRACE ELEMENTS WITH SILICA GELS MODIFIED BY HETEROCYCLIC AZO DYES

Two types of modified silica gels were prepared by adsorption method and bonding method respectively. Enrichment and separation of trace metal ions have been done by using the column packed with modified silica gels.

Preconcentration/separation and determination of mercury using microcrystalline phenolphthalein modified by ethyl violet

A novel method was developed for enrichment and separation of trace mercury using phenolphthalein modified by ethyl violet （EV）. The effects of different parameters, such as stirring time, various metal ions and salts, and the amounts of phenolphthalein, NH4SCN, and EV on the extraction rate of mercury were studied, to select the experimental conditions. Under optimum conditions, mercury can be adsorbed on the surface of microcrystalline phenolphthalein by the intermolecular acdon strength. The possible reaction mechanism for the enrichment of mercury was discussed in detail. Hg（Ⅱ） could be completely separated from Fe（Ⅱ）, Co（Ⅱ）, Ni（Ⅱ）, Mn（Ⅱ）, Cd（Ⅱ）, Cr（Ⅲ）, and Al（Ⅲ） in the solution. The proposed method has been successfully applied to the determination of trace mercury in industrial wastewater with the recoveries above 99%. The relative standard deviation for five replicate determinations of 0.04 μg·mL^-1 of Hg（Ⅱ） was found to be 1.4%, 1.1%, and 1.2%, respectively. The analytical results were very satisfactory.

Enrichment of Trace Cerium by Liquid Membrane and Its Determination by Spectrophotometry

Introduction Since it was discovered in 1968,liquid membrane separation technique has been widely studied,particularly in separating or recovering some metal ions.It is a novel study that trace substances in analytical chemistry are enriched by liquid membrane.There have been few reports on enriching cerium by emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) now.Therefore,authors studied the liquid membrane methed for enriching trace cerium.The sensibility measuring cerium by spectrophotometry was increased greatly.

Separation and Concentration of Indium from Leaching Solution Containing Indium, Antimony and Iron Ions

Processing conditions of effectively separating indium from the leaching solution of a smelting antimony slag were studied. For the leaching solution containing indium and antimony and iron ions, indium was separated by extracting with HDEHP kerosine solution, washing antimony and iron ions with oxalic acid solution and stripping indium with a dilute solution of hydrochloric acid. InCl 3 solution with purity above 90% is obtained. Indium can be enriched through a circulation of stripping with a dilute HCl solution. The concentration of InCl 3 solution is about 25～30 g/L.

Progress of Separation and Determination Methods for Rare Earth Elements

This review covers the developments in rare earth elements analysis over the period from 2003 to 2005. Some novel separation and determination methods and their applications in rare earth elements analysis were presented and discussed in detail. Some new materials, such as ionic liquids, nanometer materials and ion-imprinted polymers, and some new technologies, such as cloud point extraction, membrane extraction and capillary electrophoresis were successful used in rare earth elements analysis. The determination methods of NAA, ICP-OES and ICP-MS were also discussed in detail.

Effects of Pressure on Bubble Size and Separation of BSA by a Semi-batch Foaming Process

Experiments were conducted to obtain the values of the Sauter bubble size, enrichment and recovery of bovine serum albumin （BSA） in a semi-batch col- umn fitted with a stainless steel sparger at elevated pressure. The effects of Sur- face tension, surfactant concentration, foam/solution height ratio and air flow rate on the separation performance were investigated, and the results showed that good en- richments and recoveries can be achieved for bovine serum albumin operated at el- evated pressures. Especially the size of bubbles generated by the stainless steel sparger was smaller at higher pressures which is favorable to the foam separation process. Furthermore, the separation mechanism of bovine serum albumin operated at elevated pressure was also discussed.

Research on Experimental and Application for the High Efficient Enrichment of the Low-grade Precious Metal Materials

On the basis of reviewing the progress in the high efficient enrichment from secondary resources of low grade precious metals at home and abroad, a process route of the high efficient enrichment precious metals from secondary resources of low-grade metals by adding iron oxide as the trapping agent, reducing agent, additive, mixing uniformly and grinding, pelletizing, reduction, grinding and separation, and selectively acid leaching iron has been put forward in this paper. The experiments of reduction, grinding and separation, and selectively acid leaching iron were carried out mainly. Under the decided experiment parameters and conditions, iron generated during the reduction can trap precious metals during reduction, high active alloy powders were obtained from the reduced products by grinding and separation, the concentration of precious metals was obtained by acid leaching high active alloy powders. The better enrichment effect was obtained by adopting the technical route of processing. Other low grade noble metal materials and enrichment ratio of precious metals from the materials to acid products was high through acid leaching. This process has the advantages of simple process, environmental-friendly, strong adaptability of raw materials, high concentration ratio, which was regarded as a kind of the general efficient enrichment technology of low grade precious metal materials.

蛋白质N-磷酸化修饰富集方法进展

蛋白质磷酸化作为一种最普遍和最重要的翻译后修饰调控着几乎所有的生命过程。随着高效富集方法和生物质谱技术的快速发展,低丰度的蛋白质O-磷酸化修饰获得了规模化鉴定,从而使其生物学功能得到较为透彻的研究。而发生在组氨酸、赖氨酸和精氨酸侧链氨基的N-磷酸化修饰,由于P-N键化学稳定性差,导致其在酸和热条件下不稳定。而目前依赖酸性条件的O-磷酸化富集方法难以适用N-磷酸化富集,导致蛋白质N-磷酸化生物功能研究严重滞后。因此,迫切需要发展针对蛋白质N-磷酸化的高效富集方法。本文首先介绍了蛋白质N-磷酸化的结构特征和已报道的生物学功能,重点综述并分析了近20年来蛋白质N-磷酸化修饰富集方法,并对每一种富集方法的优缺点进行了评述,最后对潜在的富集方法进行了展望。

色谱在糖组学分析中的应用

糖组学是继基因组学和蛋白组学后发展起来的组学技术,是研究细胞、组织或生物体内糖组的组成、结构及功能的一门学科。糖组学研究对深入了解生命活动规律、疾病的预防和治疗以及药物的质控和研发具有重要意义。糖组在生物样品中的丰度较低,且受单糖组成、糖苷键连接位置、连接方式、分支结构等因素的影响,使得糖链的组成与结构复杂多样,给糖组学研究带来了巨大挑战。液相色谱分离技术以及液相色谱-质谱联用技术被广泛应用于糖组的结构解析,在糖组学研究中发挥了不可或缺的作用。本文首先从色谱分离原理的角度讨论了糖链的富集方法及其在糖组学研究中的应用案例,并比较分析了各种方法的优势与不足;在糖链的分离与分析方面,从色谱分离模式的角度,分别列举了反相色谱、高效阴离子色谱、亲水相互作用色谱和多孔石墨化碳色谱分离糖链、糖缀合物或糖衍生物的分离原理,以及各类色谱模式联合质谱解析在糖组学分析中的研究进展。本文对各类色谱方法的分离特色进行了总结与讨论,为研究人员针对特定样品或特定目标物的分离与分析选择合适的方法提供了参考。近年来,在色谱技术的推动下,糖组学研究取得了相当大的进展。随着色谱新材料和新方法的不断开发,色谱技术将在糖组学研究中发挥更加重要的作用。

噬菌体Pu29特性分析及其在沙门氏菌磁分离富集中的应用

以1株鸡白痢沙门氏菌噬菌体Pu29为研究对象,全面分析其生物学及基因组特性,将其作为识别元件,建立基于噬菌体Pu29的沙门氏菌磁分离富集技术。该噬菌体属于轮状病毒属(Roufvirus),具有二十面体的头部和不可收缩的长尾部。Pu29具有较宽的宿主谱,15min时对宿主细胞的吸附率为88.67%,潜伏期为30min,裂解期为180 min,裂解量为115.74 PFU/cell。同时Pu29具有较好的耐热性(30~60℃)和pH值耐受性(pH 4~11)。Pu29基因组由45715bp(GC含量46.08%)和81个开放阅读框组成,包括18个具有已知功能的阅读框,不携带编码毒性或抗性因子的基因。通过酰胺反应将噬菌体Pu29与羧基化的纳米磁珠偶联制备探针PhagePu29-MBs。使用25μg探针与沙门氏菌在37℃孵育20min时,对沙门氏菌的捕获效率最高可达到83.93%,最低捕获细菌浓度为45CFU/mL。采用透射电镜观察到PhagePu29-MBs能够特异性地捕获沙门氏菌。在加标样品中,PhagePu29-MBs分离富集沙门氏菌的捕获效率最高能达到92.92%。该方法分离富集沙门氏菌的时间大约为30min。因此,本研究基于噬菌体Pu29建立了一种快速、特异性强的沙门氏菌磁分离方法,可为基于噬菌体快速分离富集食源性病原菌奠定研究基础。