Supersonic separation technology is a new natural gas sweetening method for the treatment of natural gas with high CO_(2)(carbon dioxide)content.The structures of the Laval nozzle and the supersonic separator were des...Supersonic separation technology is a new natural gas sweetening method for the treatment of natural gas with high CO_(2)(carbon dioxide)content.The structures of the Laval nozzle and the supersonic separator were designed,and the mathematical models of supersonic condensation and swirling separation for CO_(2)-CH4 mixture gas were established.The supersonic condensation characteristics of CO_(2) in natural gas and the separation characteristics of condensed droplets under different inlet pressures were studied.The results show that higher inlet pressure results in a larger droplet radius and higher liquid phase mass fraction;additionally,the influence of centrifugal force is more pronounced,and the separation efficiency and removal efficiency of CO_(2) are higher.When the inlet pressure is 6 and 9 MPa,the liquefaction efficiency at the Laval nozzle outlet increases from 56.90%to 79.97%,and the outlet droplet radius increases from 0.39 to 0.72μm,and the removal efficiency is 31.25%and 54.52%,respectively.The effects of inlet pressures on the removal efficiency of the supersonic separator are complicated and are controlled by the combined effects of liquefaction capacity of the nozzle and centrifugal separation capacity of the swirl vane.展开更多
Separator design in petroleum engineering is so important because of its important role in the evaluation of optimum parameters and also to achieve to maximum stock tank liquid. However, no simulator exists that simul...Separator design in petroleum engineering is so important because of its important role in the evaluation of optimum parameters and also to achieve to maximum stock tank liquid. However, no simulator exists that simultaneously and directly optimizes the parameters “pressure”, “temperature”, and so on. On the other hands, Commercial simulators fix one parameter and vary another parameter to achieve the optimum conditions. So, they need long-time simulation. Moreover, gas condensate reservoirs, like another reservoirs, have this problem as well. In present paper, a self-developed simulator applied in the optimized design of gas condensate reservoir’s separators by determining optimized pressure, temperature, and number of separators in order to obtain maximized tank liquid volume and minimized tank liquid density utilizing Matlab software and other commercial simulators such as Aspen-Plus, Aspen-Hysys, and PVTi to do a comparison. Also, each software was separately tested with one, two, and three separators to obtain the optimum number of separators. Additionally, Peng-Robinson equation of state (PR EOS) has been applied in the simulation. For simulation input, a set of field data of gas condensate reservoir has been utilized, as well. The results show a good compatibility of this simulator with other simulators but in so little runtime (this simulator calculates the optimum pressure and temperature in a wide range of pressures and temperatures with the help of a simultaneous optimization algorithm in one stage) and the highest stock tank liquid is calculated with this simulator in comparison to other simulators. Also, with the help of this simulator, we are able to obtain the optimum pressure, temperature, and the number of separators in the gas condensate reservoir’s separators with any desired properties. Finally, this simulator optimizes the temperatures for each separator and obtains very good results despite the other simulators that fix temperatures for all separators in most times.展开更多
The Beijing Institute of Structural and Environmental Engineering has completed the second separation test of LM-5B payload fairing in Tianjin successfully.The fairing separated perfectly and was recovered safely and ...The Beijing Institute of Structural and Environmental Engineering has completed the second separation test of LM-5B payload fairing in Tianjin successfully.The fairing separated perfectly and was recovered safely and stably.The control and measurement system for testing operated normally during the test.展开更多
An empirical formula,which demonstrates the interference fringe visibility as a function of the slit separation and the temperature of thermal atoms,is obtained by analysing a recent experiment[Bloch et al.Nature 403(...An empirical formula,which demonstrates the interference fringe visibility as a function of the slit separation and the temperature of thermal atoms,is obtained by analysing a recent experiment[Bloch et al.Nature 403(2000)166]that refers to the spatial correlation function of a trapped Bose gas below the critical temperature.We find that the decay rate of the coherence function for the non-condensed component is of about two orders larger than that of the pure condensed component.The changes of the interference fringe visibility versus the falling time for different temperatures and slit separations are also discussed.展开更多
A vacuum membrane distillation(VMD)process with permeate fractional condensation on membrane downstream has been developed for simultaneous recovery of phosphorus and nitrogen from liquid digestate.The polytetrafluoro...A vacuum membrane distillation(VMD)process with permeate fractional condensation on membrane downstream has been developed for simultaneous recovery of phosphorus and nitrogen from liquid digestate.The polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE)membrane flux could reach 6000 g·m-2·h-1 with the rejection efficiency of total phosphorus(TP)over 0.99,under the condition of flowrate being 120 L·h-1 and temperature being 40°C.Membrane fouling occurred with a film of organics and microorganism deposited on the surface of the membrane.Membrane flux could be reversed after the membrane was rinsed by water.Higher feed temperature and flowrate could improve the membrane flux,while hardly affect the rejection efficiency of total phosphorus.The concentration of TP could reach 1600 mg·L-1 after membrane distillation,which is about 5 times of that in initial liquid digestate.On the downstream of the membrane,some of the permeate vapor was condensed under the vacuum condition and most of water was collected here.The remaining vapor enriched with total nitrogen(TN)was compressed and pumped to the atmospheric condition to condense.The TN concentration in atmospheric condensate was as high as 7000 mg·L-1 with the process separation factor for ammonia being enhanced to 114.展开更多
RNA-binding proteins(RBPs)accompany RNA from synthesis to decay,mediating every aspect of RNA metabolism and impacting diverse cellular and developmental processes in eukaryotes.Many RBPs undergo phase separation alon...RNA-binding proteins(RBPs)accompany RNA from synthesis to decay,mediating every aspect of RNA metabolism and impacting diverse cellular and developmental processes in eukaryotes.Many RBPs undergo phase separation along with their bound RNA to form and function in dynamic membraneless biomolecular condensates for spatiotemporal coordination or regulation of RNA metabolism.Increasing evidence suggests that phase-separating RBPs with RNA-binding domains and intrinsically disordered regions play important roles in plant development and stress adaptation.Here,we summarize the current knowledge about how dynamic partitioning of RBPs into condensates controls plant development and enables sensing of experimental changes to confer growth plasticity under stress conditions,with a focus on the dynamics and functional mechanisms of RBP-rich nuclear condensates and cytoplasmic granules in mediating RNA metabolism.We also discuss roles of multiple factors,such as environmental signals,protein modifications,and N6-methyladenosine RNA methylation,in modulating the phase separation behaviors of RBPs,and highlight the prospects and challenges for future research on phase-separating RBPs in crops.展开更多
The combination of multi-component Bose−Einstein condensates(BECs)and phase imprinting techniques provides an ideal platform for exploring nonlinear dynamics and investigating the quantum transport properties of super...The combination of multi-component Bose−Einstein condensates(BECs)and phase imprinting techniques provides an ideal platform for exploring nonlinear dynamics and investigating the quantum transport properties of superfluids.In this paper,we study abundant density structures and corresponding dynamics of phase-separated binary Bose−Einstein condensates with phase-imprinted single vortex or vortex dipole.By adjusting the ratio between the interspecies and intraspecies interactions,and the locations of the phase singularities,the typical density profiles such as ball-shell structures,crescent-gibbous structures,Matryoshka-like structures,sector-sector structures and sandwich-type structures appear,and the phase diagrams are obtained.The dynamics of these structures exhibit diverse properties,including the penetration of vortex dipoles,emergence of half-vortex dipoles,co-rotation of sectors,and oscillation between sectors.The pinning effects induced by a potential defect are also discussed,which is useful for controlling and manipulating individual quantum states.展开更多
Liquid-liquid phase separation,a novel biochemical phenomenon,has been increasingly studied for its medical applications.It underlies the formation of membrane-less organelles and is involved in many cellular and biol...Liquid-liquid phase separation,a novel biochemical phenomenon,has been increasingly studied for its medical applications.It underlies the formation of membrane-less organelles and is involved in many cellular and biological processes.During transcriptional regulation,dynamic condensates are formed through interactions between transcriptional elements,such as transcription factors,coactivators,and mediators.Cancer is a disease characterized by uncontrolled cell proliferation,but the precise mechanisms underlying tumorigenesis often remain to be elucidated.Emerging evidence has linked abnormal transcriptional condensates to several diseases,especially cancer,implying that phase separation plays an important role in tumorigenesis.Condensates formed by phase separation may have an effect on gene transcription in tumors.In the present review,we focus on the correlation between phase separation and transcriptional regulation,as well as how this phenomenon contributes to cancer development.展开更多
Many membraneless organelles,or biological condensates,form through phase separation,and play key roles in signal sensing and transcriptional regulation.While the functional importance of these condensates has inspire...Many membraneless organelles,or biological condensates,form through phase separation,and play key roles in signal sensing and transcriptional regulation.While the functional importance of these condensates has inspired many studies to characterize their stability and spatial organization,the underlying principles that dictate these emergent properties are still being uncovered.In this review,we examine recent work on biological condensates,especially multicomponent systems.We focus on connecting molecular factors such as binding energy,valency,and stoichiometry with the interfacial tension,explaining the nontrivial interior organization in many condensates.We further discuss mechanisms that arrest condensate coalescence by lowering the surface tension or introducing kinetic barriers to stabilize the multidroplet state.展开更多
基金supported by the Research Project of Technical Inspection Center of Sinopec Shengli Oilfield Company“Research of Energy Flow Optimization Analysis and Application Technology of Oilfield Production System”and the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(Grant No.ZR2021QE030).
文摘Supersonic separation technology is a new natural gas sweetening method for the treatment of natural gas with high CO_(2)(carbon dioxide)content.The structures of the Laval nozzle and the supersonic separator were designed,and the mathematical models of supersonic condensation and swirling separation for CO_(2)-CH4 mixture gas were established.The supersonic condensation characteristics of CO_(2) in natural gas and the separation characteristics of condensed droplets under different inlet pressures were studied.The results show that higher inlet pressure results in a larger droplet radius and higher liquid phase mass fraction;additionally,the influence of centrifugal force is more pronounced,and the separation efficiency and removal efficiency of CO_(2) are higher.When the inlet pressure is 6 and 9 MPa,the liquefaction efficiency at the Laval nozzle outlet increases from 56.90%to 79.97%,and the outlet droplet radius increases from 0.39 to 0.72μm,and the removal efficiency is 31.25%and 54.52%,respectively.The effects of inlet pressures on the removal efficiency of the supersonic separator are complicated and are controlled by the combined effects of liquefaction capacity of the nozzle and centrifugal separation capacity of the swirl vane.
文摘Separator design in petroleum engineering is so important because of its important role in the evaluation of optimum parameters and also to achieve to maximum stock tank liquid. However, no simulator exists that simultaneously and directly optimizes the parameters “pressure”, “temperature”, and so on. On the other hands, Commercial simulators fix one parameter and vary another parameter to achieve the optimum conditions. So, they need long-time simulation. Moreover, gas condensate reservoirs, like another reservoirs, have this problem as well. In present paper, a self-developed simulator applied in the optimized design of gas condensate reservoir’s separators by determining optimized pressure, temperature, and number of separators in order to obtain maximized tank liquid volume and minimized tank liquid density utilizing Matlab software and other commercial simulators such as Aspen-Plus, Aspen-Hysys, and PVTi to do a comparison. Also, each software was separately tested with one, two, and three separators to obtain the optimum number of separators. Additionally, Peng-Robinson equation of state (PR EOS) has been applied in the simulation. For simulation input, a set of field data of gas condensate reservoir has been utilized, as well. The results show a good compatibility of this simulator with other simulators but in so little runtime (this simulator calculates the optimum pressure and temperature in a wide range of pressures and temperatures with the help of a simultaneous optimization algorithm in one stage) and the highest stock tank liquid is calculated with this simulator in comparison to other simulators. Also, with the help of this simulator, we are able to obtain the optimum pressure, temperature, and the number of separators in the gas condensate reservoir’s separators with any desired properties. Finally, this simulator optimizes the temperatures for each separator and obtains very good results despite the other simulators that fix temperatures for all separators in most times.
文摘The Beijing Institute of Structural and Environmental Engineering has completed the second separation test of LM-5B payload fairing in Tianjin successfully.The fairing separated perfectly and was recovered safely and stably.The control and measurement system for testing operated normally during the test.
基金Supported by Important Program for Scientific Research,Education Ministry of China under Grant No.00-09.
文摘An empirical formula,which demonstrates the interference fringe visibility as a function of the slit separation and the temperature of thermal atoms,is obtained by analysing a recent experiment[Bloch et al.Nature 403(2000)166]that refers to the spatial correlation function of a trapped Bose gas below the critical temperature.We find that the decay rate of the coherence function for the non-condensed component is of about two orders larger than that of the pure condensed component.The changes of the interference fringe visibility versus the falling time for different temperatures and slit separations are also discussed.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.20822041B4013)Key Laboratory of Development and Application of Rural Renewable Energy,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,China(No.18H0491)。
文摘A vacuum membrane distillation(VMD)process with permeate fractional condensation on membrane downstream has been developed for simultaneous recovery of phosphorus and nitrogen from liquid digestate.The polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE)membrane flux could reach 6000 g·m-2·h-1 with the rejection efficiency of total phosphorus(TP)over 0.99,under the condition of flowrate being 120 L·h-1 and temperature being 40°C.Membrane fouling occurred with a film of organics and microorganism deposited on the surface of the membrane.Membrane flux could be reversed after the membrane was rinsed by water.Higher feed temperature and flowrate could improve the membrane flux,while hardly affect the rejection efficiency of total phosphorus.The concentration of TP could reach 1600 mg·L-1 after membrane distillation,which is about 5 times of that in initial liquid digestate.On the downstream of the membrane,some of the permeate vapor was condensed under the vacuum condition and most of water was collected here.The remaining vapor enriched with total nitrogen(TN)was compressed and pumped to the atmospheric condition to condense.The TN concentration in atmospheric condensate was as high as 7000 mg·L-1 with the process separation factor for ammonia being enhanced to 114.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation Competitive Research Programme(NRF-CRP22-2019-0001)the intramural funding from Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory。
文摘RNA-binding proteins(RBPs)accompany RNA from synthesis to decay,mediating every aspect of RNA metabolism and impacting diverse cellular and developmental processes in eukaryotes.Many RBPs undergo phase separation along with their bound RNA to form and function in dynamic membraneless biomolecular condensates for spatiotemporal coordination or regulation of RNA metabolism.Increasing evidence suggests that phase-separating RBPs with RNA-binding domains and intrinsically disordered regions play important roles in plant development and stress adaptation.Here,we summarize the current knowledge about how dynamic partitioning of RBPs into condensates controls plant development and enables sensing of experimental changes to confer growth plasticity under stress conditions,with a focus on the dynamics and functional mechanisms of RBP-rich nuclear condensates and cytoplasmic granules in mediating RNA metabolism.We also discuss roles of multiple factors,such as environmental signals,protein modifications,and N6-methyladenosine RNA methylation,in modulating the phase separation behaviors of RBPs,and highlight the prospects and challenges for future research on phase-separating RBPs in crops.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant Nos.12175180,11934015,12247103,and 12247186the Major Basic Research Program of Natural Science of Shaanxi Province under grant Nos.2017KCT-12 and 2017ZDJC-32+3 种基金the Scientific Research Program Funded by Education Department of Shaanxi Provincial Government under grant No.22JK0581the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi under grant No.2023-JC-QN-0054Shaanxi Fundamental Science Research Project for Mathematics and Physics under grant Nos.22JSZ005 and 22JSQ041supported by the Double First-class University Construction Project of Northwest University.
文摘The combination of multi-component Bose−Einstein condensates(BECs)and phase imprinting techniques provides an ideal platform for exploring nonlinear dynamics and investigating the quantum transport properties of superfluids.In this paper,we study abundant density structures and corresponding dynamics of phase-separated binary Bose−Einstein condensates with phase-imprinted single vortex or vortex dipole.By adjusting the ratio between the interspecies and intraspecies interactions,and the locations of the phase singularities,the typical density profiles such as ball-shell structures,crescent-gibbous structures,Matryoshka-like structures,sector-sector structures and sandwich-type structures appear,and the phase diagrams are obtained.The dynamics of these structures exhibit diverse properties,including the penetration of vortex dipoles,emergence of half-vortex dipoles,co-rotation of sectors,and oscillation between sectors.The pinning effects induced by a potential defect are also discussed,which is useful for controlling and manipulating individual quantum states.
基金supported by the Jiangsu Province Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.BK20201492)the Key Medical Research Project of Jiangsu Provincial Health Commission(Grant No.K2019002)the Clinical Capacity Improvement Project of Jiangsu Province People's Hospital(Grant No.JSPH-MA-2021-8).
文摘Liquid-liquid phase separation,a novel biochemical phenomenon,has been increasingly studied for its medical applications.It underlies the formation of membrane-less organelles and is involved in many cellular and biological processes.During transcriptional regulation,dynamic condensates are formed through interactions between transcriptional elements,such as transcription factors,coactivators,and mediators.Cancer is a disease characterized by uncontrolled cell proliferation,but the precise mechanisms underlying tumorigenesis often remain to be elucidated.Emerging evidence has linked abnormal transcriptional condensates to several diseases,especially cancer,implying that phase separation plays an important role in tumorigenesis.Condensates formed by phase separation may have an effect on gene transcription in tumors.In the present review,we focus on the correlation between phase separation and transcriptional regulation,as well as how this phenomenon contributes to cancer development.
基金National Science Foundation,Grant/Award Number:MCB-2042362National Institute of General Medical Sciences,Grant/Award Number:R35GM133580。
文摘Many membraneless organelles,or biological condensates,form through phase separation,and play key roles in signal sensing and transcriptional regulation.While the functional importance of these condensates has inspired many studies to characterize their stability and spatial organization,the underlying principles that dictate these emergent properties are still being uncovered.In this review,we examine recent work on biological condensates,especially multicomponent systems.We focus on connecting molecular factors such as binding energy,valency,and stoichiometry with the interfacial tension,explaining the nontrivial interior organization in many condensates.We further discuss mechanisms that arrest condensate coalescence by lowering the surface tension or introducing kinetic barriers to stabilize the multidroplet state.
