Morphology Control of SrCO_3 Crystals using Complexons as Modifiers in the Ethanol-water mixtures

Using SrC12-6H2O and Na2CO3 as the main raw materials and adding different complexons as modifiers with simple co-precipitation method, SrCO3 crystals with distinct morphologies like spherical, bundle-like, overlapping plate-like, hexagonal star-like, dumbbell-like, etc. can be synthesized in the ethanol-water mixtures. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and Fourier transform infrared spectrograph （FT-IR）. The interrelated effect mechanism is presented in the end. Results show that the modifier carboxyl groups play a significant role in controlling the SrCO3 crystal morphologies, which can alter the crystal growth unit （Sr^2＋） supply mode and induce the crystal formation with the morphologies matching their spatial configurations.

Ethanol-Water Near-Azeotropic Mixture Dehydration by Compound Starch-Based Adsorbent

Ethanol-water near-azeotropic mixture dehydration was investigated by formulated compound starchbased adsorbent(CSA), which consists of corn, sweet potato and foaming agent. The net retention time and separation factor of water over ethanol were measured by inverse gas chromatography(IGC). Results indicated that water has a longer net retention time than ethanol and that low temperature is beneficial to this dehydration process. Orthogonal test was conducted under different vapor feed flow rates, bed temperatures and bed heights, to obtain optimal fixed-bed dehydration condition. Dynamic saturated adsorbance was also studied. It was found that CSA has the same water adsorption capacity(0.15 g/g)as some commercial molecular sieves. Besides, this biosorptive dehydration process was found to be the most energy-efficient compared with other ethanol purification processes.

Kinetic Study of Cementation of Copper on Zinc Metal in Ethanol-Water Mixtures

The cementation reaction of copper on zinc metal in solutions of different concentrations ofcopper sulphate, at 25℃, has been studied and it is found to be a first order reaction. Moreover,the rates of this reaction at 0.15 mol'L-1 copper sulphate solution have been measured in a varietyof ethanol-water media at temperatures from 20℃ to 40℃. The correlation between the masstransfer coefficient and the dielectric constant has been investigated. Also, the thermodynamicparameters of activation have been calculated. The isokinetic relationship reveals the existenceof compensation effect, where the solute-solvent interactions play an important role.

Identification of Best Model for Equilibrium Data of Ethanol-Water Mixture

Four empirical models are tested for fitting the T-y-x equilibrium data of ethanol-water mixture by minimizing the Root Mean Square （RMS） between equilibrium data and theoretical points. The total pressure of the correspondent data is 101.3 kPa. All models parameters are also identified. The study suggests that NRTL model fits the equilibrium data best with RMS = 0.4 %.

Design of Pilot Plant Packed Column for the Dehydration of Water from Ethanol-Water Mixtures

This use of biomass-based adsorbent has been explored for the column study of the adsorptive dehydration of water in ethanol-water mixtures. The column study was carried out using enzyme modified corn starch and the breakthrough curve parameters were used to design the packed bed column. The effect of flow rate on the breakthrough curves revealed that adsorption efficiency decreased with increased inflow rate. The empty bed contact time (τ) of the pilot plant packed column was 35.35 min while the breakthrough time is 40.78 min. 66.7% was the fraction of capacity left unused for the pilot plant from the design.

用蛭石吸附法脱除污水中的重金属

以蛭石作为吸附剂，处理水中的重金属（Ｃｄ、Ｃｕ、Ｆｅ、Ｐｂ、Ｎｉ）．对７０℃的中性水，吸附时间３ｈ，蛭石对浓度为１０ｍｇ／Ｌ的镉、铜、铁、镍、铅的脱除率为９９％左右。用实验方法研究了蛭石在所选条件下达到吸附平衡时对上述金属离子的吸附容量和对金属离子混合溶液的处理效果。结果表明，蛭石对Ｃｄ、Ｃｕ、Ｆｅ、Ｐｂ、Ｎｉ的吸附容量分别为２．０，３．５，５．５，１．０，２．５（ｍｇ／ｇ）．采用固定式吸附柱脱除石油污水中的重金属，镍脱除率为３４．２％，铅脱除率为４３．６％，其余三种脱除率均在７０％以上。若消除其他被吸附物质的干扰，可将水中上述金属离子的含量处理至生活用水标准。

落地油泥污染及油土分离处理的工艺研究

对落地油泥的组成、性质及其对环境的污染进行了调查和分析;根据落地油泥油土分离小型试验的结果,进行了 0.5t/h油土分离的放大试验。

聚乙烯醇聚离子复合物膜对95%乙醇脱水的红外光谱研究

将聚乙烯醇（PVA）聚离子复合物（PIC）膜在95％乙醇中浸泡48h，在20—120℃（间隔20℃）下测定吸水后PIC膜的红外光谱，分析了3000cm^-1以上羟基伸缩振动基频随温度的变化情况，探讨了水与PIC膜中羟基的氢键作用。由于羟基谱带在3000cm^-1以上重叠比较严重，结合1000～1700cm^-1水与PIC膜中离子键之间的静电作用，采用二维相关分析提高光谱分辨率，定性地描述了95％乙醇中水与PIC膜之间的结合方式。结果表明：〉3000cm^-1羟基的重叠谱带得到了分辨，证明了水与膜内羟基缔合优先吸附渗透，随温度变化早于膜内羟基自缔合被解吸与乙醇分离；确认了水和PIC膜内聚电解质基的吸收，证明了水与聚电解质基团靠静电作用被吸附，随温度升高被解吸与乙醇分离。为PIC膜对95％乙醇脱水分离性能研究提供了一种新方法。

壳聚糖/羧甲基纤维素聚电解质络合物膜的乙醇/水渗透汽化性能研究

采用壳聚糖和羧甲基纤维素进行聚离子反应．制备聚电解质络合物膜。该膜用于乙醇／水的渗透汽化分离，显示具有优先透水性，在乙醇浓度90％，温度60℃下，渗透通量和分离系数分别达197g／m2·h，1588。随料液乙醇浓度的增加，膜渗透通量下降，而分离系数增加，分离系数在乙醇浓度90％左右有一极大值。随温度升高，膜渗透通量和分离系数同步上升，渗透通量随温度的关系符合Arrhe－nius方程，渗透汽化表现活化能为34kJ／mol。

超临界二氧化碳萃取乙醇与水的混合物

进行了超临界CO_2萃取分离乙醇与水混合物的实验研究。考察了各种操作条件和填料对萃取的影响,发现填料对改善萃取过程有明显的效果。探索了添加剂在超临界萃取中的作用,获得具有前景的结果。

大学应充分发挥文化交融的功能

在以往的数百年里,人类文化经历了分析与对立的时代,呈现着中西、古今、文理和不同文化的割裂与冲突,出现了人文主义思潮与科学主义思潮的分野。教育的根本功能是维系一个民族的文化活力,并由此推进人类文明的演化与发展。大学应当从历史文化的视角来思考自己的使命,充分发挥文化交融的功能,以交叉融合的文化理念孕育人才、指导学术、服务社会,并引领社会文化前进。

谐振管中混合工质的热声分离效应

本文在可压缩SIMPLE算法的基础上,基于先求解二维热声谐振腔内的速度场和温度场,然后利用求出的速度和温度值求解组分浓度场的思路,对混合工质的热声分离现象进行了数值研究。研究结果表明:在热声效应和热扩散效应共同作用下,声波能够将混合物中的两种气体分别泵向谐振腔的压力腹点和节点,使得混合气体在声波传播方向上逐渐分离。另外,通过考察5种不同管径下谐振管内径向浓度的变化规律,详细研究了浓度边界层在径向上的影响范围以及不同管径下的分离效率,并提出最佳管径应为16倍浓度渗透深度左右。

浅谈山西开国纪念铜币

浅谈山西开国纪念铜币张培林民国伊始，各省又纷纷铸币，孙中山先生深感铸币事关重大，遂于民国元年３月９日“临时大总统令”中指出，“查币制改良，新民耳目，自属要图……其余通用新币中间应绘五谷模型，取丰岁足民之义，垂劝农务本之规。”所以民国初期，各省所铸开国纪念铜币，其基本图案多为嘉禾图和双族图，最初的“双旗”，为“十八星军旗”和五色国旗，其后改为国民党党旗和国民党政府旗。据史科记载，民初铸造开国纪念铜币的省份主要有：湖北（武昌造币厂）、江苏（南京造币厂）、安徽（安庆造币厂）、湖南（长沙造币厂）、河南（开封造币厂）及山西（太原造币厂）等①。但何为山西所铸开国纪念铜币，却不大清楚。笔者在铜元收集中，偶遇一品（图１），面值为“壹枚”，直径２．７８厘米、厚０．１５厘米、重６．５克，铜质略黄。虽品相不精，但图文均能清晰，正面中央铸竖读“壹枚”二字，左右嘉禾环绕；背面中央为双旗图，分别为十八星军旗和五色国旗，上缘铸“中华民国”，下缘铸“开国纪念币”，左右两侧为“卷草花”。笔者认为，此币应为山西所铸之开国纪念铜币，是山西机铸铜币的初铸品，铸造时间应在民国七年（１９１８）以后。理由有三：民初各地所铸开国纪念铜币。