Analysis of NPK in Camellia sinensis, Gliricidia sepium, and Musa acuminata Biomasses for Preparation of an Organic Fertilizers Formula for Young Tea Plants (Musa acuminata) and Studying of Their Nutrient Release Capacity in the Biodegradation Process

This study investigates the nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P), and potassium (K) contents in raw biomasses of Camellia sinensis, Gliricidia sepium, and Musa acuminata. Therein, the highest N and P content was seen in Camellia sinensis 116.80 ± 0.08 mg and 66.00 ± 0.14 mg respectively. The highest K content (106.80 ± 0.04 mg) was observed in Musa acuminata. Next, all three types of plant materials were allowed to decompose in water for 3 weeks, and a sample from each was analyzed for NPK after the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd week during decomposition. A significant increase in the release of N, P, and K by the Camellia sinensis to water (P Musa acuminate were not significantly changed (P > 0.05) over time. The ratio for N:P:K was calculated for raw biomass samples and decomposed samples to find the best fitting N:P:K ratio to apply to young tea plants as organic fertilizers. In addition to that, the microbial insight of these organic compounds was analyzed by observing how microbial population increased with decomposition by the enumeration of the total microbial count. A considerable increment in total microbial count was observed up to 3.28 × 106, 1.21 × 1010, 2.18 × 108, and 6.49 × 107 CFU/ml for Camellia sinensis, Gliricidia sepium, Musa accuminata (leaves), and Musa accuminata (trunk) respectively. The presence of phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) and nitrogen solubilizing bacteria (NSB) throughout the decomposition period was confirmed by their growth on NBRIP and a modified nutrient medium that was specifically designed for the identification of ammonifiers respectively. Prepared fertilizer samples were applied to young tea plants that were grown in the Mawanella area in Sri Lanka (7°15'12.42"N 80°26'47.62"E) and according to the results, it is clear that fertilizer mixture 1 (N:P:K, 10:5:10, tea dust + Gliricidia + banana trunk) and fertilizer mixture 2 (N:P:K, 10:5:10, tea dust + Gliricidia + banana leaves) has the potential to increase the growth of young tea plants.

Photosynthetic and water-related physiological characteristics of Periploca sepium in response to changing soil water conditions in a shell sand habitat

This study was performed to observe the effects of water on photosynthesis and water-related physiology in dominant shrubs in shell sand habitats.Four-year-old Periploca sepium seedlings were used as model species.A gradient of 12 water levels was established by artificially supplying the shell sand with water up to saturation and then allowing natural evapotranspiration to occur.The photo synthetic,chlorophyll fluorescence and stem sap flow parameters of P.sepium were measured under a range of water conditions.The different soil water conditions were classified according to the responses of these parameters.(1)With the increase in the relative water content(RWC)of the shell sand,the parameters of leaf photosynthesis,chlorophyll fluorescence and water-related physiology in P.sepium showed significant critical responses.The net photo synthetic rate(Pn),transpiration rate(Tr),instantaneous water use efficiency(WUE),potential water use efficiency(WUEi),maximum photochemical efficiency(Fv/Fm),actual photochemical efficiency(ΦPSII)and daily accumulation of stem sap flow all increased first and then decreased with increasing RWC,but the corresponding water conditions associated with their maximum values were not the same.An RWC of 69.40%was determined to be the optimal water condition for photosynthesis and water-related physiological activity in P.sepium.At an RWC of 36.61%,the mechanism of photosynthetic inhibition in P.sepium changed from stomatal limitation to nonstomatal limitation;this was also the minimum water requirement for maintaining normal photo synthetic processes.An RWC of 50.27%resulted in the highest WUE in P.sepium,indicating that moderate drought stress increased WUE.(2)Based on the quantitative relationship between the photo synthetic parameters of P.sepium and the shell sand water gradient,the soil water availability was classified into 6 water grades.The RWC range for maintaining strong photosynthesis and high WUE in P.sepium was 63.22-69.98%.(3)Gas exchange in P.sepium was inhibited under drought and waterlogging stresses.Under these conditions,the photosynthetic electron transport chain was blocked,and the dissipation of light energy as heat increased,which ultimately led to a decline in photo synthetic productivity;moreover,transpiration and dissipation were aggravated,and water transmission and utilization processes in P.sepium were hindered.A significant negative feedback regulation mechanism in the photosynthetic and water-related physiological processes of P.sepium was observed;this mechanism allowed P.sepium growing in shell sand to be highly adaptable to water stress.

In vitro activities of acetonic extracts from leaves of three forage legumes(Calliandra calotyrsus,Gliricidia sepium and Leucaena diversifolia) on Haemonchus contortus

Objective:To assess ovicidal activity of three acetonic extracts from the leaves of three forage legume,Calliandra calotyrsus(C.calotyrsus),Gliricidia sepium(G.sepium) and Leucaena diversifolia(L.diversifolia) in vitro on Haemonchus contortus(H.contortus).Methods:Eggs were exposed for 24 hours to five different concentrations(0.075,0.15,0.3,0.6 and 1.25 mg/mL) of acetonic extracts at room temperature(24℃).Distilled water and 0.4%Tween were used in the bioassay as negative controls.Results:The later did not affect embryonation and egg hatching of H.contortus.Conversively,significant effects were obtained with the acetonic extracts of leaves of all three plants and the maximum activity was observed with the highest concentration (1.25 mg/mL).The acetonic extract of G.sepium was found to be more active(2.9%and 0.0% for embryonation and egg hatching,respectively) than the other substances 16.5%and 33.5%, respectively for C.calothyrsus,33.7%and 33.3%,respectively for L diversifolia.Conclusions: These results suggest that the three forage legumes do possess ovicidal properties and further studies on larvae should be carried out.

Larvicidal,ovicidal and pupicidal activities of Gliricidia sepium(Jacq.)(Leguminosae) against the malarial vector,Anopheles stephensi Liston(Culicidae:Diptera)

Objective:To investigate the potentiality of mosquitocidal activity of Gliricidia sepium（C.sepium） （Jacq.）（Leguminosae）.Methods:Twenty five early third instar larvae of Anopheles stephensi （An.stephensi） were exposed to various concentrations（50-250 ppm） and the 24 h LC50 values of the G.sepium extract was determined by probit analysis.The ovicidal activity was determined against An.stephensi to various concentrations ranging from 25-100 ppm under laboratory conditions.The eggs hatchabilily was assessed 48 h post treatment.The pupicidal activity was determined against An.stephensi to various concentrations ranging from 25-100 ppm.Mortality of each pupa was recorded after 24 h of exposure to the extract.Results:Results pertaining to the experiment clearly revealed that ethanol extract showed significant larvicidal,ovicidal and pupicidal activity against the An.stephensi.Larvicidal activity of ethanol extracts of G.sepium showed maximum mortality in 250 ppm concentration（96.0±2.4）%.Furthermore,the LC50 was found to be 121.79 and the LC50 value was recorded to be 231.98 ppm.Ovicidal activity of ethanol extract was assessed by assessing the egg hatchabilily.Highest concentration of both solvent extracts exhibited 100%ovicidal activity.Similarly,pupae exposed to different concentratioiLs of ethanol extract were found dead with 58.10%adult emergence when it was treated with 25 ppm concentration.Similarly,18.36（n=30;61.20%）;21.28（70.93） and 27.33（91.10） pupal mortality was recorded from the experimental pupae treated with 50,75 and 100 ppm concentration of extracts. Three fractions have been tested for their larvicidal activity of which the Fraction 3 showed the LC50 and LC90 values of 23.23 and 40.39 ppm.With regard to the ovicidal effect fraction 3 showed highest ovicidal activities than the other two fractions.Furthermore,there were no hatchabilily was recorded above 50 ppm（100%egg mortality） in the experimental group.Statistically significant pupicidal activity was recorded from 75 ppm concentration.Conclusions:From the results it can be concluded the crude extract of G.sepium is an excellent potential for controlling An.stephensi mosquito.It is apparent that,iraction 3 possess a novel and active principle which could be responsible for those biological activities.

Extraction, identification and adsorption-kinetic studies of a natural color component from G. sepium

The use of synthetic dyes causes environmental pollution as majority of these dyes are toxic and non-biodegradable. Natural dyes on the other hand have proved to be eco-friendly, biodegra- dable and highly compatible with the environ-ment. Consequently, dyes derived from natural sources have emerged as important alternatives to synthetic dyes. In the present work, the major color component isolated from the pods of G. sepium plant is morin, which is a flavonoid moiety. The dyeing behaviour of this component on silk yarn was investigated. Mordanting stu- dies have indicated that the post-mordanting method was found to be a better method com-pared to pre-mordanting. Variation of pH on dye extract pointed out that the maximum absorbance was at pH 4 and hence all the dyeing studies have been carried out at that pH. Thermodynamic parameters were determined by studying the dyeing process at different temperatures. Heat of dyeing was positive which indicated the dyeing process was endothermic. The adsorption process of morin on silk was tested with Langmuir, Freundlich and Tempkin- Pyzhev isotherm models. The adsorption process followed both the Langmuir and Freund- lich isotherms. The value of regression coefficient, however, indicated that the Langmuir isotherm was a better fit than the Freundlich isotherm. These results signified that the adsor- ption of morin on silk yarn was homogeneous in nature with the formation of a monolayer. Hence, the dye obtained from the pods of G. sepium plant may be an alternative source to synthetic dye for the dyeing of silk as well as other textile fabrics.

黄河三角洲贝壳砂干旱生境杠柳(Periploca sepium)叶片的光合作用特征

水分是黄河三角洲贝壳堤滩脊地带植被生长的主要限制因子。以4年生杠柳(Periploca sepium)苗木为对象,模拟贝壳砂干旱生境,设定对照(土壤相对含水量RWC为77.72%)、轻度(RWC为58.16%)、中度(RWC为42.98%)及重度(RWC为32.39%)干旱胁迫4组水分梯度,测定分析杠柳叶片气体交换参数的光响应以及叶绿素荧光参数。结果表明:(1)水分条件可显著影响贝壳砂生境杠柳叶片的光合效率。随干旱胁迫的加重,杠柳净光合速率(Pn)显著下降,重度干旱胁迫下,Pn最小,为0.62μmol·m^-2·s^-1,仅是对照的5%。表观量子效率、光饱和点和暗呼吸速率随干旱胁迫的加重逐渐降低,而光补偿点逐渐升高。干旱胁迫导致杠柳叶片光照生态幅变窄,光能利用率降低。(2)随干旱胁迫加重,杠柳蒸腾速率显著下降。适度干旱胁迫可显著提高杠柳的水分利用效率,在轻度、中度干旱胁迫下维持较高值,而对照和重度干旱胁迫下显著降低。在轻度、中度干旱胁迫下,杠柳Pn下降主要受气孔限制,而重度干旱胁迫则以非气孔限制为主。(3)随干旱胁迫加重,杠柳叶片潜在光化学效率、实际光化学效率和非循环光合电子传递速率均显著下降,受到光抑制,电子传递效率下降;非光化学猝灭系数显著增加,光能热耗散增多。杠柳叶片通过调节光合效能来适应干旱胁迫逆境,对干旱逆境表现出一定的可塑性和适应性。

盐胁迫对杠柳幼苗生长及次生代谢产物积累的影响

【目的】探索盐胁迫对杠柳幼苗生长及次生代谢物的影响,初步了解杠柳盐耐受范围及盐胁迫对杠柳次生代谢产物的诱导作用。【方法】以培养30 d的杠柳实生苗为材料,测定不同盐浓度[0(CK)、0.2%、0.5%、1.0%、2.0%]处理后,杠柳幼苗的生物量及总甾体成分、强心苷类成分(杠柳毒苷、杠柳次苷及杠柳苷元)、4-甲氧基水杨醛含量的变化特征。【结果】杠柳幼苗在中低浓度盐胁迫下生长良好,且地上部分干鲜质量及地下部分干质量均有不同程度增加,其干湿比也均随盐胁迫程度的增加逐渐升高;植株体内的主要有效成分如总甾体、强心苷类的含量在中等盐胁迫浓度作用下呈现明显上升趋势,而4-甲氧基水杨醛含量则在高浓度盐胁迫下显著增加。【结论】杠柳具有较强的耐盐性,且一定浓度范围内的盐胁迫可显著提高杠柳幼苗根、茎中主要药效成分含量。

Improvement of Growth and Periplocin Yield of Periploca sepium Adventitious Root Cultures by Altering Nitrogen Source Supply

Objective To increase the ultimate yield of periplocin in Periploca sepium adventitious root cultures by a two-stage culture based on nitrogen source.Methods Firstly,the effects of nitrogen source(NH4+-NO3-) at different ratios and different total initial nitrogen amounts on the accumulation of biomass and secondary metabolites in adventitious root cultures of P.sepium were investigated,and growth and production media for the two-stage culture based on the above results were established.Results The highest biomass and periplocin content were obtained in the culture medium of 15 mmol/L total nitrogen amount with NH4+-NO3-(1:2) and 30 mmol/L total nitrogen amount with nitrate as the sole nitrogen source.By adopting a fed-batch cultivation strategy,the dry weight adventitious root,periplocin content and yield were increased by 136%,108%,and 389%,respectively when compared with those of the control,reaching up to 8.13 g/L,157.15 μg/g,and 1277.63 μg/L,respectively.Furthermore,it was found that in the process of two-stage culture,the adventitious roots grew thicker significantly after they were transferred into production medium directly.Conclusion The ultimate yield of periplocin in P.sepium adventitious root cultures could be significantly increased by a two-stage culture based on nitrogen source.

Impact of Four Fiber Sources and the Strategy of Feeding on the Nutritional Quality of Rabbit Meat (Oryctogalagus cuniculis)

This study was conducted to valorize four sources of fiber (Gliricidia sepium, Leucaena leucocephala, Moringa oleifera and palm nut fibers) in animal production. The experiments were carried out on 128 rabbits divided into 4 batches of 32 animals, reared for 8 weeks under the same conditions. Each batch was subdivided into two subgroups, one fed with a complete diet (a diet containing one of the fiber sources and served all day) and the other with the same diet separated from the fiber source (served at 9 a.m. and supplemented with the fiber source at 4 p.m.). Eight (8) experimental rations were, respectively, tested on the subgroups: complete feed Gliricidia sepium (CFG);supplemented feed Gliricidia sepium (SFG);complete feed Leucaena leucocephala (CFL);supplemented feed Leucaena leucocephala (SFL);complete feed Moringa oleifera (CFM);supplemented feed Moringa oleifera (SFM);complete feed palm nut fiber (CFF);supplemented feed palm nut fiber (SFF). In each subgroup, 4 rabbits were slaughtered at 15 weeks of age for a total of 32 rabbits. Physico-chemical parameters were evaluated on the feed and the meat. Data were analyzed using SAS 2013 software. Fiber content was similar (p > 0.05) for complete feeds. Fat content was high (p < 0.001) for the palm nuts fiber (27.34%) and the CFF feed (11.36%). Feeding rabbits with G. sepium leaves or palm nut fiber continuously increased the fat content of the meat in contrast to sequential feeding. Meat quality was also better when the fiber source was used in the feed of the rabbits in the evening.

基于网络药理学和分子对接技术探讨“桑白皮-茯苓皮-香加皮”治疗心力衰竭的作用机制

目的:基于网络药理学方法探讨“桑白皮-茯苓皮-香加皮”治疗心力衰竭(心衰)的作用机制。方法:利用中药系统药理学技术平台数据库(TCMSP)获取桑白皮、香加皮主要化学成分及作用靶点,利用PubChem数据库、SwissTarget Prediction数据库获取茯苓皮作用成分及靶点;基于利用UniProt数据库对获取的作用靶点进行规范化处理;通过GeneCards、OMIM、DisGeNET、TTD、DrugBank、HERB、MalaCards数据库获取心衰相关靶点;利用Venny 2.1.0绘图网站构建Venn图,得到“桑白皮-茯苓皮-香加皮”与心衰的交集靶点;应用STRING平台构建蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用(PPI)网络;通过Metascape数据库对交集靶点进行基因本体(GO)功能及京都基因和基因组百科全书(KEGG)通路富集分析,使用微生信网站绘制结果气泡图,相关结果采用Cytoscape 3.7.2软件进行可视化研究及网络拓扑结构分析。使用AutoDock Tools 1.5.6进行分子对接研究。结果:经过数据库分析共筛选出“桑白皮-茯苓皮-香加皮”活性成分62个,潜在作用靶点404个,其中涉及治疗心衰的靶点99个。通过GO功能富集分析得到1 639个生物进程条目、124条分子功能条目及57类细胞成分条目。通过KEGG通路富集分析得到175条与心衰相关的通路。分子对接结果显示槲皮素、山柰酚与核心靶点前列腺素内环氧化物合成酶2(PTGS2)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)、血管内皮生长因子A(VEGFA)、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)均有较强的氢键作用。结论:通过“中药-成分-疾病靶点-通路”网络显示,槲皮素、山柰酚、三萜类化合物是“桑白皮-茯苓皮-香加皮”治疗心衰的主要活性成分,其对应的核心靶点如PTGS2、IL-6、TNF、VEGFA、IL-1β等可能协同作用于脂质与动脉粥样硬化信号通路、缺氧诱导因子-1α(HIF-1α)信号通路及核转录因子κB(NF-κB)通路等治疗心衰。分子对接结果进一步验证了主要化合物与核心靶点的结合活性较好,为“桑白皮-茯苓皮-香加皮”通过多成分、多靶点和多通路发挥治疗心衰的作用提供了理论依据。

杠柳天然橡胶合成相关R2R3-MYB基因克隆及表达分析

首次克隆了杠柳中调控天然橡胶生物合成途径的R2R3-MYB基因,为杠柳天然橡胶生物合成调控机制的研究提供候选基因。利用生物信息学的方法,对杠柳的基因组数据进行分析,发现122条R2R3-MYB基因。通过构建系统进化树、氨基酸多序列比对、保守结构域和三级结构分析,确定杠柳中可能参与调控天然橡胶合成的R2R3-MYB基因,并进行基因在杠柳中的组织特异性表达分析。结果表明:PsMYB79、PsMYB102、PsMYB159和PsMYB178与巴西橡胶树HbMYB在同一分支上,均具有典型的R2R3-MYB结构域及SHAQKYF保守基序,而且氨基酸之间序列相似性分别为72.5%、64.5%、61.6%和57.8%。RT-PCR分析结果表明,4个基因在乳胶形成的部位中均表达,其中PsMYB79和PsMYB178在根中表达最强,PsMYB102在幼叶中表达强烈,PsMYB159在根、茎、幼叶和老叶中普遍表达。因此推测杠柳R2R3-MYB转录因子家族中PsMYB79、PsMYB102、PsMYB159和PsMYB178基因可能参与调节植物不同组织器官中天然橡胶生物合成过程。

球磨杠柳木质素化学结构特性

对球磨的杠柳(Periploca sepium)采用含有0.05mol/L HCl的80%液体二氧六环在85℃处理4h、二甲基亚砜在85℃处理4h,以及8%NaOH在50℃处理3h,得到86%的原本木质素。采用FTIR、UV、液态1H和13C-NMR研究了酸性二氧六环、二甲基亚砜和碱溶性木质素组分的结构特征。结果表明:温和条件下,球磨与酸水解对分离的木质素大分子结构破坏不大。其中,温和酸水解使半纤维素和木质素之间醚键发生显著断裂,并使半纤维素发生部分降解。由于酸性二氧六环溶解的木质素主要来自初生壁,而碱溶性木质素主要来自次生壁,导致酸性二氧六环溶解的木质素与二甲基亚砜和碱溶性木质素结构不同。

杠柳的不同溶剂提取分离物对小菜蛾幼虫的拒食和毒杀作用

以生物活性跟踪法测定了杠柳PeriplocasepiumBunge的不同溶剂提取液及其不同馏份对小菜蛾幼虫的拒食和毒杀活性。结果表明,杠柳根皮的乙醇提取液和氯仿提取液对小菜蛾具有较强的拒食和毒杀活性,该生物活性高于石油醚提取液。乙醇提取物水溶后分别用苯、正丁醇溶剂萃取。生物测定结果显示,苯萃取物对小菜蛾的活性最高,表明其活性成分主要分布在苯萃取物中。苯萃取物通过硅胶柱层析分离,淋洗液为石油醚、石油醚/乙酸乙酯不同比例混合液、乙酸乙酯、乙酸乙酯/甲醇不同比例混合液和甲醇,根据颜色和极性,将收集到的淋洗液分成8个馏份,其中5、6、7号3个馏份对小菜蛾幼虫具有强烈的拒食和毒杀作用,其200倍液对小菜蛾幼虫的拒食率分别为99.8%、99.1%和98.6%,校正死亡率分别为92.1%、91.5%和100%。

杠柳根皮化学成分研究

目的：对杠柳根皮的化学成分进行研究。方法：采用色谱技术进行分离,通过NMR等谱学方法确定化合物的结构。结果：分离并鉴定了8个化合物,分别为异香草醛（1）,香草醛（2）,4-甲氧基水杨酸（3）,（24R）-9,19-cycloart-25-ene-3β,24-diol（4）,（24S）-9,19-cycloart-25-ene-3β,24-diol（5）,cycloeucalenol（6）,β-香树脂醇乙酸酯（7）,α-香树脂醇（8）。结论：化合物1～6为首次从杠柳中分离得到,并首次从杠柳属植物中分离得到环阿尔廷型三萜化合物4～6。

干旱胁迫对杠柳光合特性及抗氧化酶活性的影响

以盆栽杠柳幼苗为材料,用称重控水的方法设置4个含水量梯度,研究不同程度干旱胁迫对杠柳光合特性和抗氧化系统的影响,为黄河三角洲贝壳堤岛植被恢复过程中的物种培育和种植管理提供依据。结果表明:(1)随着干旱胁迫的加剧,杠柳幼苗叶片净光合速率(Pn)先增后降,蒸腾速率(Tr)和气孔导度(Gs)逐渐下降,胞间CO2浓度(Ci)先降后升,说明杠柳幼苗Pn下降在轻度干旱胁迫下主要是由气孔导度下降引起,而在重度胁迫下主要由非气孔因素引起。(2)随着干旱胁迫程度的加剧,杠柳幼苗瞬时水分利用效率(WUE)、表观光能利用效率(LUE)、羧化效率(CE)均呈现先增加后下降趋势;WUE在重度胁迫下才开始下降,比对照显著下降了39%,LUE(CE)则在中度胁迫下就开始下降,中度和重度胁迫分别比对照下降了48%(33%)、71%(69%)。(3)随着干旱胁迫的加剧,杠柳叶片的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性先升高后降低,过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性和MDA含量均逐渐增高,表明POD、CAT抑制杠柳叶片脂质过氧化效应不显著,SOD则抑制作用显著,且12.8%的贝壳沙含水量是SOD的耐受阈值,此时MDA含量比对照显著增加153%。

杠柳根皮乙醇提取液对蔬菜害虫小菜蛾的生物活性

采用95%乙醇对杠柳(PeriplocasepiumBunge)根皮进行热提取,以叶片浸渍法和点滴法测定了提取液对小菜蛾(PlutellaxylostellaL.)的杀虫活性及其作用方式。结果显示,杠柳乙醇提取液稀释100倍处理对小菜蛾3龄和4龄幼虫24h后的非选择性拒食率分别为87.3%和96.3%;100倍液浸叶饲喂处理对小菜蛾2龄幼虫72h后的校正死亡率为80%,对小菜蛾3龄幼虫24h和48h后的生长抑制率为100%。杠柳乙醇提取液对小菜蛾幼虫具有较高的生物活性,其作用方式包括拒食作用、胃毒作用和生长抑制作用。此外,乙醇提取液对小菜蛾幼虫还有一定的触杀和内吸效应,并对小菜蛾成虫产卵有明显的忌避活性,但对小菜蛾卵没有杀伤作用。

杠柳不同部位的杠柳毒苷含量

目的:测定杠柳不同部位的杠柳毒苷含量。方法:采用HPLC法,ODS色谱柱,流动相为乙腈∶水=27∶73,检测波长220 nm。结果:杠柳的根皮、茎皮、根的木质部和茎的木质部的杠柳毒苷含量分别为1.03%、0.65%、0.26%、0.39%;杠柳的叶及果实未检出杠柳毒苷。结论:杠柳植物可综合利用。

杠柳根皮乙醇粗提液对菜青虫的拒食作用及其防治效果

测定了杠柳 (PeriplocasepiumBunge .)其根皮乙醇粗提液对菜青虫Pierisrapae (L .)的拒食活性 ,并进行了乙醇粗取液及其与氯氰菊酯混用防治菜青虫药效试验。生测结果表明 ,乙醇粗提液对菜青虫 4龄和 5龄幼虫具有较强的拒食活性 ,2 4h拒食中浓度分别为 1 3 2 0 8mg L和 1 1 96 3mg L ,且对拒食后试虫生长发育有严重的影响。药效试验结果显示 ,乙醇粗提液 1 0 0倍液及其混配制剂 1 0 0 0倍液对菜青虫具有较好的防治效果。温室处理后 5d ,杠柳乙醇粗提液 1 0 0倍液、混剂 1 0 0 0倍液的防虫效果与 1 0 %氯氰菊酯 1 0 0 0倍液效果相当 ;田间处理后 5d ,杠柳粗提液防虫效果虽然较差 ,但保叶效果仍达 60 %以上 ,而混剂的防虫和保叶效果均与氯氰菊酯效果相当。

香加皮提取物抗肿瘤活性的研究

背景与目的研究中药香加皮提取物的抗肿瘤活性,探讨其抗肿瘤机制。材料与方法采用噻唑蓝(3-[4,5-di methylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5diphenyltetrazoliumbromide,MTT)法观察香加皮醇提物和水提物对MCF-7、TE-13、QG56、SMMC7721、T24、Hela、K562等肿瘤细胞增殖的抑制作用,应用流式细胞术检测肿瘤细胞的周期变化和对凋亡的影响。结果香加皮醇提物和水提物均能明显抑制多种肿瘤细胞的增殖,呈浓度依赖性;醇提物的抑瘤作用(IC50<10μg/ml)强于水提物(IC50<40μg/ml),并且差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。香加皮醇提物可将MCF-7细胞阻滞于G0/G1期,并呈时间依赖性地诱导MCF-7细胞发生凋亡。10μg/ml香加皮醇提物作用MCF-7细胞24h,与对照组相比,G0/G1期细胞显著增多,作用48h,凋亡率从对照组的0.70%±0.13%升高到13.54%±2.12%,两者之间的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论香加皮提取物对体外肿瘤细胞的增殖具有显著的抑制作用,醇提物强于水提物,其抗瘤机制可能与阻滞肿瘤细胞周期和诱导凋亡有关。

杠柳杀虫活性成分的分离

采用柱层析分离、高效液相色谱切分和生物活性追踪法,从杠柳Periploca sepium根皮甲醇提取物中分离出2个具有杀虫活性的化合物(G1和G2),经鉴定其分别为已知物杠柳新苷D和F。生物活性测定结果表明,化合物G1和G2对3龄粘虫Mythimna separata 48 h的胃毒致死中浓度(LC50)分别为0.39和0.34 mg/mL,对小菜蛾Plutella xyllostella 48 h的胃毒LC50值分别为1.21和1.39 mg/mL。