Combined process of sequencing batch reactor activated sludge process and constructed wetland for domestic wastewater treatment

By combining sequencing batch reactor (SBR) activated sludge process and constructed wetland (CW), this study is to achieve the domestic wastewater treatment. Our purpose was to determine the optimum operating parameters of the combined process. The process involved advantages and shortages of SBR and CW. Under normal temperature, the 3rd cycle (SBR’s operation cycle is 8 h: inflow for 1 h, limited aeration for 3 h, sediment for 1 h, outflow for 1 h, and idling for 2 h; CW’s hydraulic retention time (HRT) is 24.8 h and hydraulic loading is 24.5 m3/m2 d) was the best cyclic mode. The effluents can meet the standard GB/T18921-2002: "The reuse of urban recycling water: water quality standard for scenic environment use". In the 3rd cycle, the efficiency of CW was the maximum, and energy consumption of SBR was the minimum. Under the condition of low dissolved oxygen, the removing efficiency of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonia was not affected obviously. Simultaneously, nitrification and denitrification phenomena occured and phosphorus was absorbed obviously.

Production of Poly-b-hydroxybutyrate by Activated Sludge in Sequencing Batch Reactor under Aerobic Conditions

In order to improve poly-β-hydroxybutyrate（PHB） production in activated sludge, the anaerobic/aerobic alternative operating sequencing batch reactor（SBR） process was applied in this paper to accumulate PHB. Effects of nutritional conditions and carbon concentration on PHB accumulation were studied. Results indicated that PHB accumulation reached the highest level and accounted for 11.2 % under anaerobic condition for phosphate limitation and 20.84 % under aerobic condition for nitrogen and phosphate limitation of mixed liquor suspended solid（MLSS）, respectively. In addition, 4 g/L was proved to be the optimum carbon concentration in both anaerobic and aerobic experiments, and the PHB accumulation reached 17.1 %（anaerobic, phosphorus limitation） and 60.4 %（aerobic, nitrogen and phosphorus limitation） of MLSS, respectively. PHB could be successfully extracted with sodium hypochlorite and chloroform method from the activated sludge. In addition, the infrared spectrum showed that the PHB sample extracted was of high purity.

Impact of salinity on treatment of saline wastewater by sequencing batch biofilm reactor process

High salinity industrial wastewater is difficult to treat using biological treatment system because of the high concentrations of salt.The potential of a sequencing batch biofilm reactor(SBBR)process in treating synthetic high salinity wastewater was evaluated at laboratory scale during a 110-day operation.The reactor was operated in a 12 h cycle,and each cycle consisted of 0.25 h influent addition,8 h aeration,3 h anoxic reaction,0.5 h sedimentation and 0.25 h effluent withdrawal.Gradual increase in salinity gradient was applied during the acclimatization period.The acclimated SBBR system was demonstrated to be an effective process to remove organic compounds and ammonia nitrogen under high salinity conditions with chemical oxygen demand(COD)and ammonia nitrogen(NH3-N)removal efficiencies of 88% and 80%,respectively.The microscopic examination indicated that rather than rotifers or vorticella,the zoogloea,filamentous fungus mingled with a small quantity of swimming infusorians were dominant bacteria in SBBR system.The removal efficiencies close to 80% in COD and 75% in NH3-N were achieved at an organic loading rate(OLR)of 0.96 kg COD/(m3·d),pH of 7.0,salinity of 14 g/L and NH3-N of 30 mg/L.

Effect of inorganic carbon on anaerobic ammonium oxidation enriched in sequencing batch reactor

The present lab-scale research reveals the enrichment of anaerobic ammonium oxidation microorganism from methanogenic anaerobic granular sludge and the effect of inorganic carbon(sodium bicarbonate)on anaerobic ammonium oxidation.The enrichment of anammox bacteria was carried out in a 7.0-L sequencing batch reactor(SBR)and the effect of bicarbonate on anammox was conducted in a 3.0-L SBR.Research results,especially the biomass,showed first signs of anammox activity after 54 d cultivation with synthetic wast...

Effect of Deionization on Activated Sludge Characteristics: A Case Study of Activated Sludge Culture with Tap Water and Distilled Water

Activated sludge dewaterability and settleability properties are of prime importance in sludge treatment and disposal. Herein, we have experimentally examined the effect of deionization on activated sludge characteristics taking a case study of activated sludge inoculated in tap water and distilled water. The quality of the effluent, both distilled water and tap water were analyzed to determine the characteristics of activated sludge. Results indicated the increasing of the sludge volume index from 51.67 ml/g to 146.9 ml/g leading to the sludge bulking for sludge inoculated in distilled water. The Capillary Suction Time (CST) of sludge cultivated in distilled water varied from 23.1 to 38.4 s, which suggests poor dewaterability. These are due to the growth of some filamentous bacteria in distilled water system. These have further confirmed by light microscope images that showed a significant difference between the sludge systems cultivated in tap water and those grown in distilled water. The present work indeed advances our understanding of activated sludge treatment and would serve as a handy reference for researchers or scholars who want to deal with sewage water treatment.

大肠杆菌高密度发酵制药废水处理工艺设计实例

大肠杆菌高密度发酵制药的废水包括发酵产生的工艺废水和清洗、冷却产生的低污染废水,前者水量小但污染物含量高,后者量大但污染物含量低。分析比较吹脱法、折点加氯法、生物法、离子交换法和化学沉淀法,确定对污染性强的工艺废水采用化学沉淀法、活性污泥法相结合的处理工艺,先MAP沉淀除氨脱磷,再用低污染废水10倍稀释后进行SBR生化处理,达标排放。MAP沉淀除氨脱磷药剂选用氯化镁和磷酸氢二钠,pH值9.5,投药比采用n(Mg^(2+))∶n(NH_(4)^(+))∶n(PO_(4)^(3-))=1.2∶1∶1,氨氮去除率达83%,COD Cr的去除率达19%,稀释10倍后氮磷含量符合SBR生化处理要求。该工艺污水综合处理成本约为51.8元/m^(3),但处理量小,污水处理总费用约为88元/d,综合费用低,且副产物MAP可用作肥料。

侧流与主流磷回收工艺对比及调控因子分析

从污水中回收磷是缓解磷资源危机的有效途径,目前,污水处理厂常用的磷回收工艺主要为从剩余污泥中回收磷的侧流工艺,存在工艺复杂、回收效率低等问题.以生物膜为主体的主流磷回收工艺可实现磷的同步去除与富集,工艺简单且高效,因此更具发展前景.两种工艺在运行原理及模式上存在显著差异,因此对两者的调控措施不尽相同.本文分别以A^(2)O工艺和生物膜序批式反应器工艺为代表,对比了侧流和主流磷回收工艺在运行原理及模式上的异同,并以聚磷菌的代谢机理为基础,总结了温度、pH值、水力停留时间、溶解氧、碳源和蓄磷量等调控因子对两种工艺产生的影响,并阐述了其差异化机制,以期为生物膜磷回收工艺的进一步发展提供参考.

持续负荷冲击下AnSBBR运行性能及群落结构响应

以厌氧序批式生物膜反应器(AnSBBR)处理葡萄酒生产废水,考察反应器在持续负荷冲击下的运行特性及群落结构响应.结果显示,持续负荷冲击的前13d(29~41d),反应器运行稳定;因逐渐增加的氢分压和挥发性脂肪酸(VFAs),到56d时系统稳定性降低(VFA/TA=0.72),乙酸比产甲烷活性(SMA)降低46.2%,但氢利用速率(HUR)增加69.2%,辅酶F420浓度增加11.9%.在42d时仅外层的Slime-EPS浓度明显增加(34.1%);在56d时TB-EPS和LB-EPS浓度增加61.3%和62.8%,其PN/PS比值增加197.8%和126.0%,负荷冲击诱导EPS分泌大量的应急性蛋白类产物,其电活性物质提高了系统的电子传递活性(35.5%).Illumina MiSeq显示,负荷冲击下Desulfovibrio、Ruminococcus和Geobacter等产酸菌丰度降低,而Methanobacterium丰度由32.2%增至50.9%.生物膜系统通过逐级EPS分泌和强化还原CO_(2)产甲烷来响应持续负荷冲击的影响.

连续流反应器中好氧颗粒污泥快速培养研究进展

好氧颗粒污泥(aerobic granular sludge,AGS)是目前最有前景的污水生物处理技术之一,采用连续流反应器(continuous flow reactor,CFR)进行AGS快速培养的技术近年来受到广泛关注。文中通过综述间歇式反应器(sequencing batch reactor,SBR)工艺实现快速颗粒化的调控方法、CFR强化颗粒化及优化控制,总结了目前SBR工艺实现快速颗粒化的主要措施,以及采用基于SBR颗粒化的原理在CFR中实现快速颗粒化的可行方案,包括选择压优化、饱食/饥饿(feast/famine)条件以及晶核策略(crystal nucleus)等。最后对CFR工艺实现快速颗粒化的应用前景进行了展望,并提出探究SBR中强化颗粒化的策略,将有望在未来更加深入地研究AGS在CFR中的形成机理。

城市污水处理不同序批式活性污泥法的工艺特点和功能差异分析

城市污水处理是保障城市环境卫生和健康的重要环节,而序批式活性污泥法作为一种常用的污水处理技术,具有灵活、高效、适应性强的特点。然而,不同的序批式活性污泥法在工艺特点、功能差异、优缺点以及应用场景上存在差异。因此,对这些技术进行深入研究和比较,对于选择适合的污水处理工艺具有重要意义。

Effect of high-strength ammonia nitrogen acclimation on sludge activity in sequencing batch reactor

The effect of high-strength ammonia nitrogen acclimation on sludge activity in sequencing batch reactor （SBR） was investigated. Two batch experiments, RUN1 and RUN2, were conducted with the influent ammonia nitrogen concentrations 60 and 500 mg/L, respectively. The sludges inoculated from RUN1 and RUN2 were used to treat a series of influent with ammonia nitrogen concentrations of 59, 232, 368, 604 and 1152 mg/L. It is found that the activated sludge acclimated to higher ammonia nitrogen concentrations revealed higher COD and NH 4 ＋ -N removal efficiencies, and slower DHA decrease. The results confirmed that the activities of the bacteria in activated sludge in SBR were inhibited by high-strength ammonia nitrogen, whereas the activated sludge acclimated to high-strength ammonia nitrogen showed substantial resistance to inhibition by influents containing high levels of ammonia nitrogen.

The key role of inoculated sludge in fast start-up of sequencing batch reactor for the domestication of aerobic granular sludge

Two types of inoculated sludges, granular sludge that had been stored at-20°C and activated sludge, were investigated for the domestication of aerobic granular sludges(AGSs in sequencing batch reactors(SBRs). The results showed that using the stored granular sludge as inoculation sludge could effectively shorten the domestication time of AGS and yielded mature granular sludge after 22 days of operation. The AGS domesticated by stored granular sludge had better biomass and sedimentation properties; its MLSS and SVI reached8.55 g/L and 35.27 mL/g, respectively. The removal efficiencies for chemical oxygen demand(COD), ammonium nitrogen(NH_4^+-N) and total phosphorus(TP) reached 90.76%, 97.39% and 96.40%, respectively. By contrast, 54 days were needed to obtain mature granules using activated sludge. The microbial community structure was probed by using scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and high-throughput sequencing. The results showed that the diversity of the microbial community in mature granules was reduced when stored granular sludge rather than activated sludge was employed as inoculation sludge, and the dominant microbes were changed. The dominant species in mature granules domesticated using stored granular sludge were Zoogloea, Acidovorax and Tolumonas at the genus classification level, while the dominant species were Zoogloea and TM7-genera in granules developed from activated sludge.

Molecular characterization of bacterial community in aerobic granular sludge stressed by pentachlorophenol

To characterize the effects of pentachlorophenol (PCP) on the performance and microbial community of aerobic granular sludge in sequencing batch reactor (SBR), the web-based terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) and real-time PCR (RT- PCR) techniques were used to explore the bacterial community structure. When PCP increased from 0 to 50 mg/L, the COD removal rate changed little, while the ammonia removal rate dropped from 100% to 64.9%. The results of molecular characterization showed t...

Oxygen Transfer and Hydrodynamics in a Flexible Fibre Biofilm Reactor for Wastewater Treatment

A flexible fibre biofilm reactor was developed for treatment of organic wastewaters.The hydrodynamic characteristics and mass transfer coefficients of oxygen were studied and compared with those of the conventional activated sludge processes.Tracer experiments were performed to obtain the residence time distributions of the reactors.The results indicated that both reactors could be treated as mixed flow reactors.The effects of flow rates of water and air on the overall mass transfer coefficient of oxygen were investigated,and the correlations between the mass transfer coefficient and the ratio of flow rates were obtained.Compared to the conventional activated sludge reactor,the mass transfer coefficients in the flexible fibre reactor were similar to but slightly lower,and less sensitive to the variation in the ratio of flow rates.It indicated that the fibre packing in the reactor hindered the oxygen transfer to some extent.

Process evaluation of an alternating aerobic-anoxic process applied in a sequencing batch reactor for nitrogen removal

In order to improve the nitrogen removal efficiency and save operational cost,the feasibility of the alternating aerobic-anoxic process(AAA process)applied in a sequencing batch reactor(SBR)system for nitrogen removal was investigated.Under sufficient influent alkalinity,the AAA process did not have an advantage over one aerobic-anoxic(OAA)cycle on treatment efficiency because microorganisms had an adaptive stage at the alternating aerobic-anoxic transition,which would prolong the total cycling time.On the contrary,the AAA process made the system control more complicated.Under deficient influent alkalinity,when compared to OAA,the AAA process improved treatment efficiency and effluent quality with NH4+-N in the effluent below the detection limit.In the nitrification,the average stoichiometric ratio between alka-linity consumption and ammonia oxidation is calculated to be 7.07 mg CaCO_(3)/mg NH4+-N.In the denitrification,the aver-age stoichiometric ratio between alkalinity production and N_(3)^(−)-N reduction is about 3.57 mg CaCO(3)/mg NO_(3)^(−)-N.As a result,half of the alkalinity previously consumed during the aerobic nitrification was recovered during the subsequent anoxic denitrification period.That was why the higher treat-ment efficiency in the AAA process was achieved without the supplement of bicarbonate alkalinity.If the lack of alkalinity in the influent was less than 1/3 of that needed,there is no need for external alkalinity addition and treatment efficiency was the same as that under sufficient influent alkalinity.Even if the lack of alkalinity in the influent was more than 1/3 of that needed,the AAA process was an optimal strategy because it reduced the external alkalinity addition and saved on operational cost.

泥水混合水解酸化预处理下同步硝化反硝化除磷颗粒污泥运行

为实现生活污水下同步硝化内源反硝化除磷(SNEDPR)系统的稳定运行,选用SBR接种人工配水培养的SNEDPR颗粒污泥,以实际生活污水和污泥经混合水解酸化预处理为进水基质,通过优化预处理单元水力停留时间(HRT)联合SBR排泥方式实现该系统稳定运行。结果表明,预处理单元HRT从12 h降至4 h时,水解酸化液提供的乙酸、丙酸质量浓度和挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)占比提高,好氧颗粒污泥(AGS)内厌氧聚羟基烷酸(PHA)储存量增加,同步硝化反硝化(SND)效率提升至58.1%,出水TN降至7.8 mg/L左右。同时,底部排泥的SBR内小颗粒占比上升、LB-EPS增加,系统沉降性能变差;顶部排泥下成熟老化的大颗粒占比上升,颗粒含水率和强度下降;而选择性排泥的SBR内颗粒粒径集中在0.5~0.9 mm,颗粒结构密实、强度高,颗粒内细菌分层分布增强SND效果,批次实验表明,NOB和GAOs活性降低,系统内以NO_(2)^(-)为电子受体的DPAOs占比提升至40.5%,同步硝化内源反硝化除磷效率得到提升。预处理单元较短的HRT联合选择性排泥处理生活污水颗粒性能稳定,系统出水TN和TP均达到GB 18918—2002《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》中所规定的一级A标准,可实现氮磷的高效稳定去除。

梯度进水对好氧颗粒污泥特性及番茄酱废水去除性能的影响

新疆番茄酱生产过程中产生的废水具有浓度高、处理难度大、易污染地表水等特点,研究降解该废水处理技术具有重要意义。在室温下接种絮体污泥于间歇式活性污泥反应器(SBR)R1和R2中,以人工配制番茄酱废水为进水基质,采用阶梯式进水COD浓度方式培养好氧颗粒污泥(AGS),探究进水COD浓度变化对AGS形态、污泥理化特性及除污效能的影响。结果表明:梯度进水COD浓度固定为350 mg/L,R1和R2中污泥完全颗粒化后,颗粒粒径分别为780μm和1060μm;R1、R2对番茄酱废水中COD、NH_(3)-N、TN和PO_(4)^(3-)-P平均去除率分别为95.2%、96.03%、85%、92.07%和93%、89.54%、78%、89%。进水COD浓度为346~750、750~900、900~1200 mg/L时,颗粒形态由丝状菌骨架、孔洞结构和块状聚集体构成。氨氧化菌(AOB)和硝化菌(NOB)主要存在于小粒径AGS的外层和次外层,聚磷菌(PAOs)和聚糖菌(GAOs)主要存在于反应器底部的大颗粒污泥中。在梯度进水COD浓度不变下,高浓度的进水COD有助于AGS的快速形成及富集脱氮除磷的微生物菌群,提高了系统脱氮除磷的性能。

序批式反应器改良工艺对海水养殖废水中氮和磺胺嘧啶去除及微生物群落分析

本研究利用投加磁粉和粉末活性炭的序批式反应器(Sequencing batch reactor,SBR)改良工艺处理模拟海水养殖废水,探究了污染物去除性能及微生物群落结构。与未投加磁粉和粉末活性炭的SBR比较,SBR改良工艺COD、NH_(4)^(+)-N和NO_(3)^(-)-N的去除性能变化较小,平均去除率均保持在97.0%以上;SBR改良工艺NO_(2)^(-)-N和总无机氮(Total inorganic nitrogen,TIN)的去除率高于未投加吸附剂的SBR,SBR改良工艺的NO_(2)^(-)-N和TIN平均去除率分别保持在78.56%和90.88%以上;投加磁粉和粉末活性炭均促进了磺胺嘧啶去除,投加粉末活性炭SBR的磺胺嘧啶去除效果最好(95.88%),说明粉末活性炭是磺胺嘧啶去除的有效吸附剂。反硝化菌Pseudoalteromonas是3个SBR的优势菌属,投加磁粉时丰度最高(43.5%)。氨氧化菌(Ammonia oxidation bacteria,AOB)和总反硝化菌(Denitrifying bacteria,DNB)在投加磁粉的SBR中相对丰度最高,这与投加磁粉SBR的TIN去除率最高相对应。改良工艺促进磺胺嘧啶降解菌Geobacter富集。3个SBR的主要脱氮途径为自养硝化-异养反硝化;未投加吸附剂SBR的磺胺嘧啶去除依赖生物降解,SBR改良工艺中磺胺嘧啶的去除途径为吸附和生物降解。

生物反应器技术在重金属废水处理中的应用

重金属废水处理问题因其对环境的危害和对人身体健康的威胁成为了全球重点关注的问题之一,随着重金属污染的不断加剧,除重金属技术不断得到发展和完善。生物反应器处理重金属废水具有处理成本低、效率高以及无二次污染等优点,被认为是一种绿色无污染的重金属废水处理方法。文章综述了几种常见生物反应器在重金属废水去除中的应用,对生物反应器的原理、影响因素、优势及除重效率进行探讨,以期促进对重金属废水处理的深入研究。