A STUDY OF A FULLY COUPLED TWO-PARAMETER SYSTEM OF SEQUENTIAL FRACTIONAL INTEGRO-DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS WITH NONLOCAL INTEGRO-MULTIPOINT BOUNDARY CONDITIONS

In this article, we discuss the existence and uniqueness of solutions for a coupled two-parameter system of sequential fractional integro-differential equations supplemented with nonlocal integro-multipoint boundary conditions. The standard tools of the fixed-point theory are employed to obtain the main results. We emphasize that our results are not only new in the given configuration, but also correspond to several new special cases for specific values of the parameters involved in the problem at hand.

Solvability of Nonlinear Sequential Fractional Dynamical Systems with Damping

In this paper, we are concerned with the solvability for a class of nonlinear sequential fractional dynamical systems with damping infinite dimensional spaces, which involves fractional Riemann-Liouville derivatives. The solutions of the dynamical systems are obtained by utilizing the method of Laplace transform technique and are based on the formula of the Laplace transform of the Mittag-Leffler function in two parameters. Next, we present the existence and uniqueness of solutions for nonlinear sequential fractional dynamical systems with damping by using fixed point theorems under some appropriate conditions.

A Cauchy Problem for Some Fractional q-Difference Equations with Nonlocal Conditions

In this paper, we discussed the problem of nonlocal value for nonlinear fractional q-difference equation. The classical tools of fixed point theorems such as Krasnoselskii’s theorem and Banach’s contraction principle are used. At the end of the manuscript, we have an example that illustrates the key findings.

Sequential fractionation of reactive phosphorus in the sediment of a shallow eutrophic lake——Donghu Lake, China

The bioavailability of phosphorus in lake sediment mainly depends on its forms. Therefore, reactive phosphorus (RP) pool of the sediment in a shallow eutrophic lake(Donghu Lake) was determined seasonally and spatially by sequential chemical extraction according to the scheme proposed by Psenner et al. (Psenner, 1985) and its modified version respectively. The ammonium chloride extracted 3%—7% of the total reactive phosphorus (Tot-RP), while the distilled water extracted less(<3%). These two forms of P were significantly higher at the most eutrophic stations(I and IV). The sum of BD-RP(reductant soluble P) and NaOH-RP extracted accounted for 57%—81% of Tot-RP, which could play significant roles in P cycling. The percentages of HCl-extractable RP in the sediments of station III, however, were usually much more than those of other stations, which could reflect the original geochemistrical characteristics and trophic status of the sediments. It was noted that the sediment RP in different fractions varied in different months studied.

Existence of Positive Solutions for Boundary Value Problem of Nonlinear Fractional <i>q</i>-Difference Equation

In this paper, we investigate the existence of positive solutions for a class of nonlinear q-fractional boundary value problem. By using some fixed point theorems on cone, some existence results of positive solutions are obtained.

Use of Sequential, Single and Kinetic Extractive Schemes to Assess Cadmium (Cd) and Lead (Pb) Availability in Vietnamese Urban Soils

Modified BCR sequential extraction, single equilibrium-based EDTA extraction and kinetic fractionation were used for estimating the Pb and Cd availability in a series of soil samples from 3 sites located in urban areas of Hanoi (Vietnam). These schemes were compared to identify a simple, rapid and cheap protocol for routine estimation of Pb and Cd remobilizable fraction and the related potential risk. The comparison of these three approaches revealed their convergence in terms of mobility patterns observed for Pb and Cd. Cd was characterized by higher extractibality and mobility whatever the approach. Pb was distinguished of Cd by its high association to Feoxides, lower extractability, lower rate of desorption and then lower mobility. For this environmental scenario, EDTA single scheme at equilibrium could be suggested as the best suited and a simple protocol for determination of the labile pool of Cd and Pb. The pseudo-total concentrations of Pb and Cd are actually below the Vietnamese standard level, contrary to the results obtained by other authors for agricultural soils at other urban sites of Hanoi.

EVALUATION OF GEOCHEMICAL QUALITY CONTROLIN DETERMINATION OF Mn IN SOILS USING A SEQUENTIAL CHEMICAL EXTRACTION

Sequential chemical extraction procedure has been widely used to partition particulate trace metals into various fractions and to describe the distribution and the statue of trace metals in geo environment. One sequential chemical extraction procedure was employed here to partition various fractions of Mn in soils. The experiment was designed with quality controlling concept in order to show sampling and analytical error. Experimental results obtained on duplicate analysis of all soil samples demonstrated that the precision was less than 10%(at 95%confidence level). The accuracy was estimated by comparing the accepted total concentration of Mn in standard reference materials (SRMs) with the measured sum of the individual fractions. The recovery of Mn from SRM1 and SRM2 was 94.1%and 98.4%, respectively. The detection limit, accuracy and precision of the sequential chemical extraction procedure were discussed in detailed. All the results suggest that the trueness of the analytical method is satisfactory.

Iterative Technology in a Singular Fractional Boundary Value Problem with q -Difference

In this paper, we apply the iterative technology to establish the existence of solutions for a fractional boundary value problem with q-difference. Explicit iterative sequences are given to approxinate the solutions and the error estimations are also given.

Sequential extraction of heavy metals during composting of urban waste

In urban waste (the first matter of compost), elements such as copper, nickel and lead may be found in metallic state (wire, pile, accumulator, etc.), which is considered as non-dependent state. The work undertaken at the laboratory of composting of the INRST in Henchir Lihoudia (Tunis) showed that the produced compost does not contain any mobile metallic element and the portion related to organic fraction (bioavailable) is tiny in size. We supposed that many reactions involving decomposition and complexation from elements related to the matrix components occurred during composting. The existence and importance of this phenomenon can be evaluated by studying the evolution of metal contents in the different fractions extracted sequentially during composting process.

营养序贯护理干预应用于老年重症肺炎患者的效果观察

目的探讨老年重症肺炎患者采取营养序贯护理干预的临床应用效果,以便为日后临床提供参考。方法选取2021年1月至2022年12月漯河市中心医院收入的老年重症肺炎患者72例,依据数表法随机分为对照组与观察组,各36例,对照组开展常规分次定量鼻饲护理,观察组基于此接受营养序贯护理,就两组患者机体免疫功能[干预前后监测免疫球蛋白A(IgA)、免疫球蛋白G(IgG)、免疫球蛋白M(IgM)]、营养指标(干预前后监测血清白蛋白、前白蛋白及血红蛋白)、机械通气时间、重症加强护理病房(ICU)住院时间及并发症风险(统计胃潴留、腹泻、上消化道出血、肝功能损伤及腹胀发生状况)进行组间比较。结果干预后,两组患者机体免疫功能指标均提高,观察组患者高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预后,两组患者营养指标均提高,观察组患者高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者机械通气时间、ICU住院时间均短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者并发症风险均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论将营养序贯护理干预用于老年重度肺炎患者,可以提高患者的营养状况,提高患者的免疫力,加速患者的身体恢复,降低患者的并发症。

Total concentrations and different fractions of heavy metals in sewage sludge from Guangzhou, China

Dewatered municipal sludge samples were collected from five municipal wastewater treatment plants （WWTPs） and one industrial WWTP in Guangzhou, China. A number of agricultural parameters and total metal concentrations in the sludge were determined. Metal speciation was also studied. The results showed that sewage sludge had high organic carbon, and was rich in such nutrients as N and P. The concentrations of Mn, Zn, and Cu were the highest, followed by Ni, Pb, and Cr, Cd had the lowest concentration. In addition, the concentrations of the aforementioned heavy metals in the sludge samples were higher than those recorded in the background data for crop soils. With the exception of Cu and Cd from site S1, and Ni from sites S1, $2, and $5, all other metal concentrations conformed to permissible levels prescribed by the national application standard of acid soil in China （GB 18918--2002）. The results of the BCR sequential extraction showed that the concentrations of Mn and Zn were predominant in acid-soluble/exchangeable and reducible fractions. Cu was principally distributed in oxidizable and residual fractions, whereas Cr was present in oxidizable and residual fractions, Pb was found in the state of residual fractions, and the distribution of Ni and Cd did not show significant characteristics.

曲安奈德联合点阵CO_(2)激光及卤米松乳膏外涂序贯治疗痤疮萎缩性瘢痕疗效分析

目的:探讨曲安奈德联合点阵CO_(2)激光及卤米松乳膏外涂序贯治疗痤疮萎缩性瘢痕的临床效果。方法:选取2018年2月-2022年2月上海交通大学医学院苏州九龙医院收治的127例痤疮萎缩性瘢痕患者,分为A组(n=41)、B组(n=42)与C组(n=44)。A组治疗方案为曲安奈德联合点阵CO_(2)激光序贯治疗;B组治疗方案为点阵CO_(2)激光联合乳膏外涂;C组治疗方案为曲安奈德联合点阵CO_(2)激光及卤米松乳膏外涂序贯治疗。将A组与B的治疗结局分别与C组进行比较。治疗结局包括痤疮瘢痕权重评分(ECCA)、临床疗效、瘢痕体积以及不良反应发生率。治疗结局的评价在治疗后3个月完成。结果:治疗后,三组患者的ECCA评分与瘢痕体积均显著低于治疗前,且C组患者的ECCA评分与瘢痕体积均显著低于A组与B组(均P<0.05)。A组总有效率为80.49%(33/41),B组总有效率为78.57%(33/42),C组总有效率为95.45%(42/44)。C组总有效率均显著高于A组(P<0.05)。A组不良反应发生率为9.76%(4/41),B组不良反应发生率为7.14%(3/42),C组不良反应发生率为4.55%(2/44)。三组不良反应发生率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:曲安奈德联合点阵CO_(2)激光及卤米松乳膏外涂序贯治疗痤疮萎缩性瘢痕的临床效果理想,安全性较高。

未成熟血小板比率联合其他指标对脓毒症严重程度及其预后的预测价值研究

背景脓毒症是由感染因素引发机体免疫反应失调而导致的全身炎症反应,可能会导致潜在的危及生命的器官功能障碍。目前对于未成熟血小板比率(IPF)在脓毒症严重程度及预后方面已有一些研究,但关于IPF联合其他指标在脓毒症中应用的研究较少。目的探讨IPF联合其他指标在脓毒症严重程度及其预后中的预测价值。方法收集2020年11月—2022年11月复旦大学附属中山医院厦门医院重症医学科收治的60例脓毒症患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。分组情况:严重程度按定义划分,可分为严重脓毒症组24例与脓毒性休克组36例;严重程度按序贯器官衰竭评估(SOFA)评分划分,可分为低SOFA组26例(SOFA评分<6分)与高SOFA组34例(SOFA评分≥6分);按预后划分,可分为生存组39例与死亡组21例。对比不同分组患者IPF及其他血液指标[中性粒细胞与白蛋白比值(NAR)、血小板与淋巴细胞比值(PLR)、中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值(NLR)、乳酸与白蛋白比值(LAR)]的差异,绘制不同联合指标评估脓毒症严重程度和预后的受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线,计算ROC曲线下面积(AUC)并比较其评估价值。结果死亡组患者肺部疾病所占比例、基线急性生理学与慢性健康状况量表系统Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)评分、基线SOFA评分高于生存组(P<0.05)。高SOFA组患者肺部疾病所占比例、基线APACHEⅡ评分、死亡所占比例高于低SOFA组(P<0.05)。对于治疗开始48hIPF,脓毒性休克组患者高于严重脓毒症组,高SOFA组患者高于低SOFA组,死亡组患者高于生存组(P<0.05)。因不同组患者治疗开始48 h IPF均存在统计学差异,故截取48 h各实验室检查指标进行进一步研究分析:IPF在预测脓毒性休克及高SOFA评分的AUC分别为0.70(95%CI=0.55~0.83,截断值为3.95%)、0.72(95%CI=0.60~0.86,截断值7.70%),预测死亡的AUC为0.73(95%CI=0.58~0.89,截断值为6.10%)。IPF+基线APACHEⅡ评分+NLR、IPF+基线APACHEⅡ评分+LAR预测高SOFA评分的AUC分别为0.91(95%CI=0.84~0.98)和0.93(95%CI=0.84~0.99);IPF+NAR+PLR预测脓毒症患者死亡的AUC为0.90(95%CI=0.81~0.98)。结论IPF联合不同血液指标能够提高临床实践中对脓毒症患者病情严重程度及预后的评估能力,治疗开始48 h IPF+基线APACHEⅡ评分+治疗开始48 h NLR及治疗开始48 h IPF+基线APACHEⅡ评分+治疗开始48 h LAR在脓毒症严重程度预测中具有较高效能;而治疗开始48h的IPF+NAR+PLR在预测脓毒症患者预后方面效能较好。

机械通气不同脱机方式对重症心力衰竭患者LEVF及血清BNP水平的影响

目的:探讨与分析机械通气不同脱机方式对重症心力衰竭(heart failure,HF)患者左室射血分数(LVEF)及血清B型钠尿肽(BNP)水平的影响。方法:2020年4月至2023年2月选择在本院诊治的重症心力衰竭92例作为研究对象,根据1∶1随机数字表法把92例患者分为研究组46例与对照组46例。所有患者都给予机械通气治疗,对照组给予常规方式脱机,研究组给予早期有创-无创序贯脱机处理,观察与记录患者LVEF及血清BNP水平变化情况。结果:治疗72h后研究组的总有效率为97.83%,对照组为84.78%,研究组与对照组相比显著提高(P<0.05)。两组治疗72h后的左室射血分数都高于治疗前(P<0.05),研究组治疗72h后的左室射血分数与对照组相比也显著提高(P<0.05)。两组治疗72h后的血清B型钠尿肽含量低于治疗前(P<0.05),研究组治疗72h后的血清B型钠尿肽含量与对照组相比也显著降低(P<0.05)。研究组脱机24h、脱机48h与脱机72h的成功率分别为97.83%、95.65%、91.30%,与对照组的82.61%、73.91%、60.87%相比有明显提高(P<0.05)。结论:早期有创-无创序贯脱机处理在重症心力衰竭患者的应用能提高总体治疗效果与左室射血分数,抑制血清B型钠尿肽的表达,从而提高对患者的脱机成功率。

Phosphorus fractions and its release in the sediments of Haihe River,China

The amounts and forms of phosphorus （P） in surface sediments of Haihe River, Tianjin, North China, were examined using a sequential chemical extraction procedure. Five fractions of sedimentary P, including loosely sorbed P （NH4Cl-P）, redox-sensitive P （BD-P）, metal oxide bound P （NaOH-P）, calcium bound P （HCI-P）, and residual P （Res-P） （organic and refractory P）, were separately quantified. The results indicated that the contents of different P fractions in the sediments varied greatly. The total P （TP） contents ranged from 968 to 2017 mg/kg. Phosphorus contents in NH4Cl-P, BD-P, NaOH-P, and HCl-P ranged from 6.7 to 26.6 mg/kg, 54.5 to 90.2 mg/kg, 185.2 to 382.5 mg/kg, and 252.3 to 425.5 mg/kg, respectively, which represented 1.2%-3.2%, 7.7%-13%, 33.3%-48.9%, and 36.2%-54.2% of the sedimentary inorganic P, respectively. For all the sediment samples, the rank order of P-fractions was Res-P 〉 HCl-P 〉 NaOH-P 〉 BD-P 〉 NH4Cl-P. The highly positive relationship between the amounts of P released from the sediments and those in the NH4Cl-P and BD-P fractions, indicated that NH4Cl-P and BD-P were the main fractions that can release P easily.

Extractable Fractions of Metals in Sewage Sludges from Five Typical Urban Wastewater Treatment Plants of China

Metal content and bioavailability are often the limiting factors for application of sewage sludge in agricultural fields. Sewage sludge samples were collected from five typical urban wastewater treatment plants in China to investigate their contents and distribution of various chemical fractions of Cu, Zn, Ni, Cr, Pb and Mo by using the BCR （Community Bureau of Reference） sequential extraction procedure. The sludges contained considerable amounts of organic matter （31.8%- 48.0%）, total N （16.3-26.4 g kg^-1） and total P （15.1-23.9 g kg^-1）, indicating high potential agricultural benefits of their practical applications. However, total Zn and Ni contents in the sludge exceeded the values permitted in China＇s control standards for pollutants in sludges from agricultural use （GB 4284-1984）. The residual fraction was the predominant fraction for Mo, Ni and Cr, the oxidizable fraction was the primary fraction for Cu and Pb, and the exchangeable and reducible fractions were principal for Zn. The distribution of different chemical fractions among the sludge samples refiected differences in their physicochemical properties, especially pH. The sludge pH was negatively correlated with the percentages of reducible fraction of Cu and exchangeable fraction of Zn. The sludges from these plants might not be suitable for agricultural applications due to their high contents of Zn, Ni and Cr, as well as high potential of mobility and bioavailability of Zn.

ON DISCRETE SEQUENTIAL FRACTIONAL BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEM WITH FRACTIONAL BOUNDARY CONDITIONS

In this paper we consider a discrete fractional boundary value problem(FBVP for short). We provide a delicate analysis for the property of Green’s function. Our analysis motivates the study of discrete fractional boundary value problems with fractional boundary conditions. As an application, we give conditions under which such problems admit at least one positive solution. Our results extend the results presented in [4].

能效最优准则下无人机空中高度的优化算法

利用无人机(unmanned aerial vehicle,UAV)组建空中移动基站,可为地面终端用户提供更灵活、高效的接入服务。受UAV覆盖范围和有限能量的约束,研究如何建立能效最优的UAV部署算法至关重要。为此,提出能效最优准则下无人机空中高度的优化算法(optimal energy efficient based aerial altitude optimization,EEAO)。先在满足用户最小速率要求和UAV高度的约束条件下,构建能效最优的高度优化的目标函数。同时,定义能效时不仅考虑UAV的通信能耗,还考虑UAV在垂直爬升和悬停阶段的能耗。再分别利用和序列凸规划法(sequential convex programming,SCP)和单调分式规划法(monotonic fractional programming,MFP)求解目标函数,获取能效最优的UAV高度值。性能分析表明,基于SCP法求解的最优高度值与基于MFP法求解的最优高度值相近。同时,相比于不考虑悬停阶段UAV的能耗,考虑悬停阶段UAV的能耗可提升网络能效。

一类Caputo-Hadamard型分数阶微分方程耦合系统边值问题

本文研究一类具有Caputo-Hadamard型导数的序列分数阶微分方程边值问题.利用Banach不动点定理、Leray-Schauder二择一定理、Leray-Schauder度理论研究边值问题解的存在唯一性,并用一些例子验证结果的有效性.

Soil phosphorus bioavailability assessed by XANES and Hedley sequential fractionation technique in a glacier foreland chronosequence in Gongga Mountain, Southwestern China

The primary productivity of terrestrial ecosystems is influenced by soil phosphorus bioavailability, which depends largely on chemical fractions of phosphorus. The sequential fractionation technique developed by Hedley et al. or its subsequent modification is a well-known method to determine soil phosphorus forms. Hedley sequential fractionation technique separates the phosphorus into fractions based on their different chemical solubilities in extractants with certain chemical properties. Recently, synchrotron-based X-ray absorption near edge structure(XANES) spectroscopy has been employed to measure soil phosphorus species directly and non-invasively. The XANES method provides information concerning local structure and chemical information of target elements at a molecular level. Thus, it can distinguish phosphorus fractions bound by metal oxides or hydroxides(such as Fe, Al, and Ca). In this present work, the phosphorus speciation of topsoil along a glacial foreland chronosequence in Gongga Mountain is determined using these two methods. The changes in soil phosphorus bioavailability along the 120-year-old chronosequence are assessed based on comparisons of the results obtained by these two methods. The results indicate that Hedley sequential fractionation technique shows a greater ability to determine soil bioavailable phosphorus(Resin-P and NaCHO3-P), while XANES is effective in distinguishing phosphorus bound by metal compounds. In the chronosequence, Ca- and Al-bound phosphorus were derived mainly from primary minerals, whose phosphorus contents decreased within 120 years of moraine weathering and soil development. The content of soil bioavailable phosphorus increased rapidly after 30 years since deglaciation. The increasing phosphorus bioavailability promoted the colonizing and primary succession vegetation.