Comparison and Performance Analysis of FACTs Controller in System Stability

In large inter connected power systems, inter-area oscillations are turned to be a severe problem. Hence inter-area oscillations cause severe problems like damage to generators, reduce the power transfer capability of transmission lines, increase wear and tear on network components, increase line losses etc. This paper is to maintain the stability of system by damping inter-area oscillations. Implementation of new equipment consists of high power electronics based technologies such as FACTs and proper controller design has become an essential to provide better damping performance than Power System Stabilizer (PSS). With development of Wide Area Measurement System (WAMS), remote signals have become as feedback signals to design Wide Area Damping Controller (WADC) for FACTs devices. In this work, POD is applied to both SVC and SSSC. Simulation studies are carried out in Power System Analysis Toolbox (PSAT) environment to evaluate the effectiveness of the FACTs controller in a large area power system. Results show that extensive analysis of FACTs controller for improving stability of system.

A New Robust Adaptive Neural Network Backstepping Control for Single Machine Infinite Power System With TCSC

For a single machine infinite power system with thyristor controlled series compensation(TCSC) device, which is affected by system model uncertainties, nonlinear time-delays and external unknown disturbances, we present a robust adaptive backstepping control scheme based on the radial basis function neural network(RBFNN). The RBFNN is introduced to approximate the complex nonlinear function involving uncertainties and external unknown disturbances, and meanwhile a new robust term is constructed to further estimate the system residual error,which removes the requirement of knowing the upper bound of the disturbances and uncertainty terms. The stability analysis of the power system is presented based on the Lyapunov function,which can guarantee the uniform ultimate boundedness(UUB) of all parameters and states of the whole closed-loop system. A comparison is made between the RBFNN-based robust adaptive control and the general backstepping control in the simulation part to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.

抑制分布式静止串联补偿器对线路保护影响的方法研究

分布式静止串联补偿器(distributed static series compensator,DSSC)通过调节注入线路的电压可改变线路功率,优化电网潮流分布。针对现有交流线路保护算法难以适应DSSC串入线路运行的问题,提出了抑制DSSC对线路保护影响的方法。首先,分析了DSSC对交流线路保护的影响,证明了DSSC注入电压可能改变距离保护的阻抗测量值,导致距离保护有拒动或误动的风险。然后,提出了利用DSSC本体过流保护快速将DSSC旁路、或基于故障辅助判据主动将DSSC注入电压降为0的方法,以抑制不同类型的线路故障时DSSC对线路保护的影响。最后,基于硬件在环RTDS实时仿真平台以及浙江湖州DSSC示范工程现场进行试验,验证了所提抑制DSSC对交流线路保护影响的方法的有效性。

基于阻抗重塑的虚拟同步机次同步振荡抑制方法

虚拟同步机通过模拟转子运动方程从而使电力电子装置具有同步发电机的惯性和阻尼特性。然而,虚拟同步机与串联电容补偿电网连接时易发生次同步振荡。针对该问题,该文首先建立虚拟同步机与串联电容补偿电网的序阻抗模型,其次,采用伯德图分析次同步振荡发生的机理,研究传统有源阻尼方法的局限性。在此基础上,提出一种基于阻抗重塑的虚拟同步机次同步振荡抑制方法。在虚拟同步机阻尼系数的反馈回路中增加阻抗重塑控制器,进而利用伯德图分析改进系统的阻抗特性。该阻抗重塑方法可以减小虚拟同步机与串联电容补偿电网在低频段的阻抗相位差,有效抑制次同步振荡发生。相较于传统的有源阻尼控制方法,所提出的次同步振荡抑制方法可以较好的适应系统运行方式变化,并且不会引起虚拟同步机工作点偏移。最后,通过仿真和实验验证所提方法的有效性。

分布式静止串联补偿器相间协调控制方法

分布式静止串联补偿器(DSSC)是一种串联型分布式柔性交流输电装置,功率模组串联接入交流线路。为快速、平稳地处理DSSC的各相模组故障,本文提出相间协调控制策略,通过引入热备用控制机制,在三相DSSC的某一相出现模组故障后,将非故障相指定模组转为热备用状态并输出零电压,同时提升各相正常模组的输出电压,从而保持DSSC输出总电压不变,在避免对交流电网造成不平衡扰动的同时,保证模组故障不影响线路稳态潮流。在湖州分布式潮流控制器(DPFC)示范工程中,通过开展模组故障模拟试验,验证了相间协调控制方法的可行性和有效性。

一种基于实时负荷的变压器电抗优化控制方法

为保证变电站内中低压母线的短路电流水平,需要选择合理的变压器电抗参数,防止过大的三相短路电流对相关设备选型造成困难。而限制电网短路电流水平增加变压器阻抗也将增加变压器损耗,不利于电网的经济运行。针对上述问题,在综合考虑电网运行可靠性和经济性的基础上,提出一种基于实时负荷的变压器电抗优选方法。该方法根据变压器实时负荷,以三相短路电流、电压调整率及无功损耗为约束条件,选出变压器当前负荷下电抗的最优值,并与变压器实际电抗值比较得到电抗偏差值,通过可控串补技术进行电感电容的补偿,使变压器单元整体电抗值为最优值。仿真结果表明,所提方法可有效协调用户对供电可靠性与经济性的要求。

500 kV串联补偿装置阻尼回路保护策略研究

作为提高系统传输能力和稳定性的有效手段,串联补偿技术在高压输电系统中得到了广泛应用。但串联补偿装置在提高系统性能的同时,也引入了新的保护问题,尤其是阻尼回路的保护策略,成为电力系统稳定性研究的重要内容之一。探讨了500 kV串联补偿装置阻尼回路的保护策略,以提高系统的运行可靠性和安全性。首先,分析了阻尼回路保护及其阻尼回路故障情况。其次,提出了创新的阻尼回路保护策略。结果表明,该成果能有效解决串联补偿装置阻尼回路在实际运行中面临的保护难题,为电力系统的安全稳定运行提供了有力的技术支持。

Optimal setting and placement of FACTS devices using strength Pareto multi-objective evolutionary algorithm

This work proposes a novel approach for multi-type optimal placement of flexible AC transmission system(FACTS) devices so as to optimize multi-objective voltage stability problem. The current study discusses a way for locating and setting of thyristor controlled series capacitor(TCSC) and static var compensator(SVC) using the multi-objective optimization approach named strength pareto multi-objective evolutionary algorithm(SPMOEA). Maximization of the static voltage stability margin(SVSM) and minimizations of real power losses(RPL) and load voltage deviation(LVD) are taken as the goals or three objective functions, when optimally locating multi-type FACTS devices. The performance and effectiveness of the proposed approach has been validated by the simulation results of the IEEE 30-bus and IEEE 118-bus test systems. The proposed approach is compared with non-dominated sorting particle swarm optimization(NSPSO) algorithm. This comparison confirms the usefulness of the multi-objective proposed technique that makes it promising for determination of combinatorial problems of FACTS devices location and setting in large scale power systems.

超高压混合串补线路瞬态恢复电压暂态特性

混合串联补偿对输电线路暂态特性的影响亟待研究。为研究串联补偿混合复用对瞬态恢复电压(transient recovery voltage,TRV)暂态特性的影响,以500 kV超高压示范工程线路为研究背景,利用PSCAD/EMTDC建立可控串补与固定串补的电磁暂态仿真平台,分析系统发生单相接地故障时瞬态恢复电压变化规律,得到恢复电压上升率与短路电流变化曲线;采用对比分析方法,针对可控串补与固定串补不同配置方式,研究不同串补度对TRV特性的影响,并得出最佳串补配比。仿真表明:相比固定串联补偿(fixed series capacitor compensation,FSC)双平台分段布置,系统采用可控串联补偿(thyristor controlled series compensation,TCSC)与FSC混合复用时,TRV超标工况大幅增加;合理配置TCSC+FSC线路串补度,能够有效降低TRV与断路器短路电流,且能够满足断路器正常开断的国家标准。

静止同步串联补偿器的运行死区特性研究

采用静止同步串联补偿器(SSSC)可以控制线路功率,提高电网的输电能力和灵活性,但其不能独立控制线路的有功功率和无功功率,在部分工况下可能存在运行死区,需要对其运行特性进行详细分析。本文基于SSSC的结构特性和基本原理,通过理论推算和相量图分析,研究不同线路初始工况下,SSSC在调节线路有功功率时与线路交换的功率特性,得出SSSC在线路初始有功功率和无功功率反向的情况下,若不采用直流辅助电源,则存在容性补偿的运行死区。通过仿真证明了理论分析结果的正确性,可为后续SSSC工程应用的设计和运行控制提供参考。

基于自适应反步滑模与死区逆补偿的闭式泵控系统位置输出控制策略

为了解决电液伺服闭式泵控系统位置控制过程中系统参数不确定性和系统死区问题,提出了一种自适应反步滑模控制与死区逆补偿控制相结合的串联控制策略。首先,阐述了电液伺服闭式泵控系统的原理,在此基础上构建了电液伺服闭式泵控系统的数学模型和仿真模型;其次,基于自适应反步控制与滑模控制消除了系统非匹配不确定性及避免参数嵌套,设计了自适应反步滑模控制器;接着,利用平滑连续指标函数构造了光滑死区逆函数,设计了死区逆补偿控制器,并将两者组成串联控制器;最后,利用MATLAB/Simulink软件构建了系统仿真模型,并进行了相应的分析。研究结果表明:采用串联控制器的系统位移跟随精度可以达到±0.6μm,稳态精度则可以达到±0.3μm,系统在0.6 s左右时到达稳态;同时,参数自适应律在系统位置控制过程中可对系统不确定性参数进行实时调整,提高系统稳态控制精度;仿真结果验证了所提串联控制策略的有效性。

定子电流控制的双馈风机导纳建模与次同步振荡风险分析

定子电流控制(SCC)具有参考电流不受双馈感应发电机(DFIG)参数漂移影响的优势。然而,SCC的双馈风机与串联补偿线路产生的次同步振荡会阻碍风电的安全消纳。针对这一问题,深入分析SCC-DFIG小信号传递规律,同时考虑直流母线动态、频率耦合以及控制动态特性的影响,建立了准确表征双馈风机频域特性的导纳模型。通过分析双馈风机全风速条件下的负电阻分布规律,提出一种全风速工况虚拟电阻控制策略。MATLAB/Simulink仿真结果表明,SCC较转子电流控制的双馈风机振荡风险更高,且随着SCC比例系数增大、风速减小,系统并网振荡风险增大,仿真验证了所提稳定控制策略在不同风速工况下次同步振荡抑制的有效性。

Review of sub-synchronous interaction in wind integrated power systems: classification, challenges, and mitigation techniques

Emerging sub-synchronous interactions(SSI)in wind-integrated power systems have added intense attention after numerous incidents in the US and China due to the involvement of series compensated transmission lines and power electronics devices.SSI phenomenon occurs when two power system elements exchange energy below the synchro-nous frequency.SSI phenomenon related to wind power plants is one of the most significant challenges to main-taining stability,while SSI phenomenon in practical wind farms,which has been observed recently,has not yet been described on the source of conventional SSI literature.This paper first explains the traditional development of SSI and its classification as given by the IEEE,and then it proposes a classification of SSI according to the current research status,reviews several mitigation techniques and challenges,and discusses analysis techniques for SSI.The paper also describes the effect of the active damping controllers,control scheme parameters,degree of series compensation,and various techniques used in wind power plants(WPPs).In particular,a supplementary damping controller with converter controllers in Doubly Fed Induction Generator based WPPs is briefly pronounced.This paper provides a real-istic viewpoint and a potential outlook for the readers to properly deal with SSI and its mitigation techniques,which can help power engineers for the planning,economical operation,and future expansion of sustainable development.

基于改进型LADRC的STATCOM抑制双馈风电场次同步振荡策略

针对双馈风电场经串联补偿线路送出引发的次同步振荡问题,提出了一种基于改进型线性自抗扰控制(LADRC)的静止同步补偿器(STATCOM),实现对系统次同步振荡的抑制.LADRC设计时考虑延时因素,在控制计算中消除由信号测量、传输等延时导致的输入量之间时间轴上的不匹配.基于改进型LADRC设计了STATCOM的附加阻尼控制器、电压外环、电流内环控制器以及锁相环,使STATCOM为系统提供正阻尼,同时增强控制系统的速动性和抗干扰能力,以适应次同步振荡工况,并从阻抗角度分析了STATCOM抑制次同步振荡的作用机理.在MATLAB/Simulink中搭建了系统的时域仿真模型,实验结果证实了所提出的抑制策略在动态性能和抗干扰方面的优越性.

电力潮流灵活控制技术应用综述

统一潮流控制器(unified power flow controller, UPFC)、静止同步串联补偿器(static synchronous series compensator, SSSC)、可控串联补偿装置(thyristor controlled series compensation, TCSC)和移相器(phase-shifting trans former, PST)能够调节线路参数、灵活控制潮流变化,均已在国内外电网中实现工程应用,对均衡输电通道潮流、提升供电能力有重要作用。文中对UPFC、SSSC、TCSC和PST的理论研究和工程实践进行了综述。首先,分析了4种潮流控制装置的基本结构和控制原理,并介绍了国内外已投运工程的运行情况;其次,从结构、换流器技术、选址定容、控制策略、故障保护5个方面对潮流控制装置的关键技术研究现状进行概述;最后,展望了潮流控制装置在未来电网中的典型应用场景,并对潮流控制技术的研究方向进行了分析。

Coordination of PSS and TCSC controller using modified particle swarm optimization algorithm to improve power system dynamic performance

This paper develops a modified optimization procedure for coordination of a power system stabilizer (PSS) and a thyristor controlled series compensator (TCSC) controller to enhance the power system small signal stability.The new approach employs eigenvalue-based and time-domain simulation based objective functions simultaneously to improve the optimization convergence rate.A modified particle swarm optimization (MPSO) algorithm is used as the optimization algorithm.The results of simulations and eigenvalue analysis for a single machine infinite bus (SMIB) system equipped with the proposed PSS and TCSC controllers confirm that the new approach is effective in enhancing the system stability.

面向串联补偿三相并网逆变器的模拟阻抗控制策略

串联补偿是一种提高可再生能源发电站长距离输电能力的常见方案,然而并网逆变器和串联补偿电力线之间的相互作用会带来振荡问题,威胁电力系统的安全运行。为此提出一种无锁相环的扩展模拟阻抗控制策略,在弱电网和高串补度电网中稳定系统。此外,还通过稳定性分析验证该方法的有效性;进行特征值分析,以指导参数设计。最后,通过模拟和实验结果验证了理论分析和所提控制策略的有效性。

Subsynchronous resonance and its mitigation for power system with unified power flow controller

Control strategy of unified power flow controller(UPFC)utilizing dq decoupling control is deduced in this paper,which can closely follow the control orders of the active and reactive power.The subsynchronous resonance(SSR)characteristics of a series compensated system equipped with UPFC are studied,and the results reveal that SSR characteristics of the system may vary significantly with UPFC in service or not.Consequently,supplementary subsynchronous damping controller(SSDC)for UPFC is proposed and investigated,and the effectiveness of the proposed SSDC is verified by damping torque analysis and time domain simulations.

基于串联补偿的故障限流器输出量反馈最优控制方法

目前研究的故障限流器输出量反馈最优控制方法对输出量的反馈准确率较低,控制过程时延较长。为了解决上述问题,本文基于串联补偿研究了一种新的故障限流器输出量反馈控制方法。建立串联补偿函数,对故障限流器输出量优化配置分析,分析不同的限流要求,得到限流器的限流效果,通过归一化处理实现优化,根据得到的优化函数得到电抗值。对初始成本分析和限流效果模拟,采用归一化函数构建出优化配置模型,对故障限流器输出量的优化配置进行分析。从而确定故障限流器输出量稳态,实现故障限流器输出量反馈最优控制。实验结果表明,基于串联补偿的故障限流器输出量反馈最优控制方法能够有效提高控制准确率,缩短控制时延。

特高压固定串补控保系统光隔端子故障分析及改进

介绍了某特高压串补工程控保系统220 V光隔端子发生的两次危急缺陷,指出该工程现场运用的数百个同型号产品均有类似故障的可能。对该型光隔电路进行电气分析和热分析,认为部分元件功耗偏大、布局集中、散热设计不合理是导致故障的根本原因。提出降低输入电流以减小功耗同时改善散热布置的改进方案。试验证明改进后的光隔端子运行可靠性显著提升,满足工程需求。