A comprehensive mathematical model is developed to simulate the interactions of the complex processes that take place in typical catalytic chemical reactors. This mathematical model includes correlations representing ...A comprehensive mathematical model is developed to simulate the interactions of the complex processes that take place in typical catalytic chemical reactors. This mathematical model includes correlations representing various modes of mass transport and chemical reactions. To illustrate the application and value of this approach for reactor optimizations, the model is applied to the case of series reactions with a desirable intermediate compound and the risk of degradation of this compound if the process conditions are not optimized. The modeling results show that in such cases, which are very common in practice, replacing the conventional uniform catalyst distribution with a novel non-uniform distribution will significantly improve the performance of the reactor and the production of the desirable compound. Various catalyst distribution options are compared, and a novel non-uniform loading of catalyst is identified that gives a much better performance compared to the conventional approach. The model is versatile and useful for both the design as well as the optimization of the catalytic fixed-bed reactors in a wide variety of reactor and reaction conditions.展开更多
The Variable Series Reactors(VSRs)can efficiently control the power flow through the adjustment of the line reactance.When they are appropriately allocated in the power network,the transmission congestion and generati...The Variable Series Reactors(VSRs)can efficiently control the power flow through the adjustment of the line reactance.When they are appropriately allocated in the power network,the transmission congestion and generation cost can be reduced.This paper proposes a planning model to optimally allocate VSRs considering AC constraints and multi-scenarios including base case and contingencies.The planning model is originally a non-convex large scale mixed integer nonlinear program(MINLP),which is generally intractable.The proposed Benders approach decomposes the MINLP model into a mixed integer linear program(MILP)master problem and a number of nonlinear subproblems.Numerical case studies based on IEEE 118-bus demonstrate the high performance of the proposed approach.展开更多
串联谐振型限流器(Series-Resonant type Fault Current Limiter,SRFCL)实现故障限流的关键是电容器的旁路(或短路)操作。本文通过引入双分裂电抗器,改变了电容器的旁路方法,实现了对串联谐振型限流器拓扑的改进。在理论上,分析了改进...串联谐振型限流器(Series-Resonant type Fault Current Limiter,SRFCL)实现故障限流的关键是电容器的旁路(或短路)操作。本文通过引入双分裂电抗器,改变了电容器的旁路方法,实现了对串联谐振型限流器拓扑的改进。在理论上,分析了改进型串联谐振型限流器工作原理,并详细研究了限流过程中双分裂电抗器的电感变化特点。研究了电网稳态时双分裂电抗器绕组自感对限流电抗器和电容器的谐振关系的影响,和故障限流过程中绕组漏感对限流器的限流能力的调节作用和对电容器过流的抑制作用。通过建模仿真,分析了双分裂电抗器的漏感和电容器振荡电流的频率和幅值关系,研究了避雷器(MOV1和MOV2)残压与线路电流和电容器电流的关系。最后,在参数优化的基础上,设计和研制了一台400V改进型串联谐振型限流器样机,测试结果表明了双分裂电抗器能够提高串联谐振型限流器的可靠性和限流能力。展开更多
文摘A comprehensive mathematical model is developed to simulate the interactions of the complex processes that take place in typical catalytic chemical reactors. This mathematical model includes correlations representing various modes of mass transport and chemical reactions. To illustrate the application and value of this approach for reactor optimizations, the model is applied to the case of series reactions with a desirable intermediate compound and the risk of degradation of this compound if the process conditions are not optimized. The modeling results show that in such cases, which are very common in practice, replacing the conventional uniform catalyst distribution with a novel non-uniform distribution will significantly improve the performance of the reactor and the production of the desirable compound. Various catalyst distribution options are compared, and a novel non-uniform loading of catalyst is identified that gives a much better performance compared to the conventional approach. The model is versatile and useful for both the design as well as the optimization of the catalytic fixed-bed reactors in a wide variety of reactor and reaction conditions.
基金This work was supported in part by the Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy(ARPA-E)the Engineering Research Center Program of the National Science Foundation+2 种基金the Department of Energy under NSF Award Number EEC-1041877the CURENT Industry Partnership Programthe Science and Technology Project of State Grid Corporation of China(Project Analysis Techniques for Coordinated Development of New Energy,Distributed Generation,Energy Storage and Power Grid to Meet Global Energy Interconnection Demand).
文摘The Variable Series Reactors(VSRs)can efficiently control the power flow through the adjustment of the line reactance.When they are appropriately allocated in the power network,the transmission congestion and generation cost can be reduced.This paper proposes a planning model to optimally allocate VSRs considering AC constraints and multi-scenarios including base case and contingencies.The planning model is originally a non-convex large scale mixed integer nonlinear program(MINLP),which is generally intractable.The proposed Benders approach decomposes the MINLP model into a mixed integer linear program(MILP)master problem and a number of nonlinear subproblems.Numerical case studies based on IEEE 118-bus demonstrate the high performance of the proposed approach.
文摘串联谐振型限流器(Series-Resonant type Fault Current Limiter,SRFCL)实现故障限流的关键是电容器的旁路(或短路)操作。本文通过引入双分裂电抗器,改变了电容器的旁路方法,实现了对串联谐振型限流器拓扑的改进。在理论上,分析了改进型串联谐振型限流器工作原理,并详细研究了限流过程中双分裂电抗器的电感变化特点。研究了电网稳态时双分裂电抗器绕组自感对限流电抗器和电容器的谐振关系的影响,和故障限流过程中绕组漏感对限流器的限流能力的调节作用和对电容器过流的抑制作用。通过建模仿真,分析了双分裂电抗器的漏感和电容器振荡电流的频率和幅值关系,研究了避雷器(MOV1和MOV2)残压与线路电流和电容器电流的关系。最后,在参数优化的基础上,设计和研制了一台400V改进型串联谐振型限流器样机,测试结果表明了双分裂电抗器能够提高串联谐振型限流器的可靠性和限流能力。
