Immunohistochemical Study of Serum Proteins in Normal and Cadmium-Treated Mouse Testis by in vivo Cryotechnique

Objective To investigate time-dependent changes of serum proteins permeability in the normal and cadmium（Cd）-treated mouse testis, reflecting tight junctional （TJ） barriers of Sertoli cells Methods The serum proteins, albumin and immunoglobulin-G（IgG）, in the seminiferous tubules were firstly immobilized by the “in vivo cryotechnique”, in which the dynamic blood circulation was always kept. The cryofixed testicular tissues were then processed for the freeze-substitution method, and embedded in the paraffin wax. Serial sections of 5μm thickness were immunostained by anti-mouse albumin or IgG antibody with peroxidase immunostaining, and also stained with hematoxylin-eosine （HE）for morphological observation. Results In normal seminiferous tubules, albumin immunoreaction products were localized around peritubular myoid cells and among Leydig cells, as well as in blood vessels. They were also localized as arch-like patterns around some spermatogonia in basal compartments. The number of the immunopositive arch structures was different according to developmental stages of the seminiferous cycle, judging from the arrangement of germ cells by HE-staining. The patterns of localization of IgG immunostaining in normal mouse testis were similar to that of albumin. In 24 h after Cd-treatment, some enlarged spaces and vesicular formation in the seminiferous epithelium were observed on the paraffin sections by HE-staining. The albumin or IgGimmunolocalization was seen not only in the basal compartments, but also in the adluminal compartments between Sertoli.cells and germ cells. Conclusion The structural changes of inter-Sertoli TJ barriers in vivo, such as different immunostaining patterns of serum proteins between the normal and Cd-treated mouse seminiferous tubules, could be clearly detected by the “in vivo cryotechnique” with albumin or IgG immunohistochemistry.

Serum Proteins Stabilized Calcium Phosphate Nanoparticles and Its Effect on Bel-7402 Cells

Hydroxyapatite has a high affinity to biological macromolecules, especially to proteins. Bovine serum proteins were extracted to be used as stablizer to prepare calcium phosphate nanoparticles . 167.7 nm and 87.7 nm particles were respectively prepared by using bovine serum protein fractions at the concentration of 0. 5 mg/mL and 1.0 mg/mL. As the polysaccharide stabilized hydroxyapatite nanoparticles, the protein-stablized nanoparticles also inhibited the proliferation rate of Bel-7402 cells. It suggested that proteins could be applied to prepare calcium phosphate nanoparticles and it also has the anticaneer effect.

Understanding the thermal stability of human serum proteins with the related near-infrared spectral variables selected by Monte Carlo-uninformative variable elimination

Understanding the thermal stability of the proteins in human serum is essential since human serum is the important source of pharmaceutical proteins. Near-infrared（NIR） spectroscopy was applied to the investigation of thermal changes in secondary structure and hydration of human serum proteins.However, as a multicomponent system, the overlap of the broad NIR bands makes the structural analysis very difficult directly using the spectra of serum samples. Therefore, continuous wavelet transform（CWT） was used to improve the resolution of NIR spectra, and Monte Carlo-uninformative variable elimination（MC-UVE） method was applied to the selection of the variables associated with the proteins for the structural analysis. The variables（5956, 5867, 5815, 5747, 4525, 4401, 4359 and 4328 cm^-1） related to protein secondary structures and those（7074, 6951, 6827 and 6700 cm 1） connected with water species were selected. Then, the thermal stability was analyzed through the intensity variations of the selected variables with temperature from 30℃ to 80 ℃. It was found that the variation of the spectral variables related to both a-helix and b-sheet changes apparently around 60 ℃, indicating the beginning of the thermal denaturation and the transition from a-helix to b-sheet. Moreover, an obvious change was found around 60℃for the content of the water specie S3, i.e., the water cluster containing three hydrogen bonds. The result demonstrates that MC-UVE can identify the protein-related NIR spectral variables, and the water species may be a marker for investigation of the structural change of proteins in biochemical systems.

Application of urinary N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase combined with serum retinol-binding protein in early detection of diabetic nephropathy

BACKGROUND Diabetic nephropathy(DN)is a microangiopathy of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM),which can damage the kidney through various ways and mechanisms due to the nature of the disease,involving the renal interstitium and glomeruli.However,in the early stage of the disease,patients only showed kidney volume increase and glomerular hyperthyroidism,and typical symptoms that are difficult to arouse individual attention were noticed.AIM To observe the expression of serum retinol-binding protein(RBP)and urinary Nacetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase(NAG)in patients with DN,and to analyze their value in disease prediction,so as to provide new targets for early diagnosis and treatment of DN.METHODS The baseline data of 50 T2DM patients treated in our hospital between January 2021 and December 2022 were retrospectively reviewed and included in group A.The baseline data of 50 patients with type 2 DN admitted to our hospital during the same period were collected and included in group B.The baseline data and serum RBP and urine NAG expression were compared between the two groups to analyze their value in the early prediction of DN.RESULTS There was no significant difference in age,gender,duration of diabetes,combined hyperlipidemia and combined hypertension between the two groups(P>0.05);the expression of urinary NAG and serum RBP in group B was higher than that in group A,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05);a multiple logistic regression model was established,and the results showed that urinary NAG and serum RBP were related to the presence or absence of injury in diabetic patients,and overexpression of urinary NAG and serum RBP may be risk factors for renal injury in T2DM patients(OR>1,P<0.05);receiver operating curve curve was plotted,and the results showed that the area under the curve of urinary NAG and serum RBP expression alone and in combination for predicting DN was>0.80,and the predictive value was satisfactory;bivariate Spearman linear correlation analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between urinary NAG and serum RBP expression in patients with DN(r=0.566,P=0.000).CONCLUSION The increased expression of urinary NAG and serum RBP may be the risk factors leading to the progression of T2DM to DN.The possibility of DN can be considered in patients with urinary NAG and serum RBP overexpression by examining the expression of urinary NAG and serum RBP in patients with T2DM in clinical practice.

Comprehensive characterization of donkey milk serum proteins

Donkey milk(DM)has attracted immense attention owing to its resemblance to human milk.Consequently,its components require rigorous analysis.This study aimed to identify DM serum proteins(DMSPs)using a label-free MS-based proteomics method.Herein,1243 DMSPs were characterized in Dezhou DM,and 788 common DMSPs were identified and subsequently analyzed.Gene ontology analysis indicated the involvement of these proteins in cellular components(extracellular exosomes,extracellular space,and focal adhesion),biological processes(small guanosine triphosphatase(GTPase)-mediated signal transduction,translation,and intracellular protein transport),and molecular functions(calcium ion binding,GTP binding,and poly(A)RNA binding).Additionally,metabolic pathway analysis confirmed that protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum is the most related metabolic pathway,followed by those of ribosomes,phagosomes,endocytosis,complement,and coagulation cascades.This study,aimed at decoding the DM composition,advances our understanding of the potential biological functions of DMSPs.

Spectrophotometric Study on the Interaction between Arsenazo M and Proteins

Arsenazo M could bind with bovine serum albumin to form a complex in Clark-Lube buffer at pH 2.3 and room temperature, which gives a maximum absorption peak at 625 nm with a red shift of 75 nm compared with that of Arsenazo M itself. The apparent molar absorptivity of the BSA-Arsenazo M complex is 3.21105 Lmol-1cm-1. The linear ranges for protein determination are wide (at least 0-100 mg/mL).

Biochemical Liver Functions and Molecular Identification of Fasciola hepatica from Experimentally Infected Rat Model

The current study was performed to evaluate the liver function status as well as molecular characterization of the recovered worms in rats experimentally infected with F. hepatica. Sixteen male Wister rats aged 30 days were randomly allocated into two groups (n = 8). The first group was infected orally with 15 viable encysted metacercaria of F. hepatica per animal. The other group was kept non-infected (control group). At zero time (before infection), the 2nd, 4th, 6th, 8th, 10th, 12th and 14th weeks post-infection (WPI), blood and serum samples were collected via puncture of retro-orbital plexus of veins from each rat. Serum enzyme level (AST and ALT) and total protein were measured, and the serum protein profile was carried out using agarose gel electrophoresis. During the period of the experiment, serum ALT and AST activities and serum total globulins significantly increased while serum total proteins and albumin markedly decreased in the infected group. On the 14th WPI, the data of the electropherogram showed that globulin fractions (α1-, β- and γ-globulin) levels were significantly increased while α2-globulin was markedly decreased in the infected group. The molecular analysis confirmed the amplification of the ITS1, ITS2 and NDI genes of F. hepatica recovered from the infected liver of rats with amplicon sizes of 630, 510 and 560 bp, respectively. Sequencing of the amplified ITS gene resulted in the determination of 3 strains (PP108836, PP108837, and PP108838). Also, analysis of the ITS2 gene resulted in obtaining 3 isolates under the accession numbers (PP109065, PP109066, and PP109067). In conclusion, fasciolosis in the rat model is suitable for routine experimental infections and caused a pronounced liver dysfunction with discharging of the Fasciola eggs in the faeces and the development of adult stages in the bile ducts. Furthermore, molecular techniques are a sensitive tool for the identification and characterisation of the Fasciola parasite.

High Glucose Promotes the CTGF Expression in Human Mesangial Cells via Serum and Glucocorticoid-induced Kinase 1 Pathway

The role of serum and glucocorticoid-induced kinase 1 （SGK1） pathway in the connective tissue growth factor （CTGF） expression was investigated in cultured human mesangial cells （HMCs） under high glucose. By using RT-PCR and Western blot, the effect of SGK1 on the CTGF expression in HMCs under high glucose was examined. Overexpression of active SGK1 in HMCs transfected with PIRES2-EGFP- S422D hSGK1 （SD） could increase the expression of phosphorylated SGK1 and CTGF as compared with HMCs groups transfected with PIRES2-EGFP （FP） under high glucose or normal glucose. Overexpression of inactive SGK1 in HMCs transfected with PIRES2-EGFP- K127N hSGK1 （KN） could decrease phosphorylated SGK1 and CTGF expression as compared with HMCs groups transfected with FP under high glucose. In conclusion, these results suggest that high glucose-induced CTGF expression is mediated through the active SGK1 in HMCs.

Acupuncture effects on serum myelin basic protein and remyelination following 30 minutes and 2 hours of ischemia in a rat model of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury

BACKGROUND： Acupuncture treatment on injured cerebral axons has shown to provide efficacy in clinical practice. It is unknown whether acupuncture produces therapeutic effects by protecting injured cerebral myelin in ischemic stroke. OBJECTIVE： To test whether acupuncture provides protection for injured cerebral myelin, based on quantitative data from cerebral ischemia-reperfusion rats, and to compare the effects of early and late acupuncture on serum myelin basic protein （MBP） content and remyelination of the ischemic internal capsule.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A randomized, controlled experiment was performed at the Neurobiological Laboratory, Sichuan University from March 2005 to March 2006. MATERIALS： ＂Hua Tuo＂ Brand filiform needles were produced by the Medical Instrument Factory of Suzhou, China.METHODS： A total of 52 adult, healthy, male, Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned to four groups： control （n = 4）, model （n = 16）, early acupuncture （n = 16）, and late acupuncture （n = 16）. The focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion model was established by middle cerebral artery occlusion in the right hemisphere using the modified thread embolism method in the latter three groups. Early and late acupuncture groups underwent acupuncture after ischemia for 30 minutes and 2 hours using the Xingnaokaiqiao needling method, respectively. Acupoints were ＂Neiguarf＇ （PC 6） and ＂Sanyinjiao＂ （SP 6） on the bilateral sides, as well as ＂Shuigou＇ （DU 26） and ＂Baihui＂ （DU 20） with stimulation for 1 minute at each acupoint. Acupuncture at all acupoints was performed two or three times while the needle was retained, once per day. No special handling was administered to the control clroup.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： For each group, remyelination of the internal capsule was observed by Pal-Weigert＇s myelin staining and serum MBP content was detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method on days 1,3, 5, and 7 following ischemia-reperfusion injury.RESULTS： Compared with the control group, massive demyelination of the internal capsule occurred, and serum MBP content increased in the model group （P 〈 0.05）. Compared with the model group, the extent of demyelination in the internal capsule was less distinct and serum MBP content was significantly less in the early and late acupuncture group （P 〈 0.01 ）. Compared with the late acupuncture group, serum MBP content reached a peak later and the peak value was less in the early acupuncture group. CONCLUSION： Results suggest that acupuncture exerts a protective effect on injured cerebral myelin in ischemia-reperfusion rats by reducing serum MBP content and promoting remyelination. The study also suggests that the effect of early acupuncture is superior to late acupuncture.

Study on the correlation and predictive value of serum pregnancyassociated plasma protein A, triglyceride and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels with gestational diabetes mellitus

BACKGROUND Gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)is a concern due to its rapid increase in incidence in recent years.AIM To investigate the correlation and predictive value of serum pregnancyassociated plasma protein A(PAPP-A),triglyceride(TG),and 25-hydroxyvitamin D[25-(OH)D]with GDM in early pregnancy.METHODS A total of 99 patients in early pregnancy admitted to Peking University International Hospital from November 2015 to September 2017 were included,and underwent a fasting glucose test and oral glucose tolerance test screening at 24-28 wk of pregnancy.Of these cases with GDM,51 were assigned to group A and the remaining 48 cases without GDM were enrolled in group B.Serum PAPP-A,TG and 25-(OH)D in the two groups were compared and their correlation with blood sugar was analyzed.In addition,their diagnostic value in GDM was determined using receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis.RESULTS Group A had markedly lower serum PAPP-A and 25-(OH)D levels and a significantly higher serum TG level than group B,with statistical significance(P<0.05).Furthermore,Pearson analysis identified that PAPP-A and 25-(OH)D levels were negatively correlated with fasting blood glucose(FBG)levels(r=-0.605,P<0.001),(r=-0.597,P<0.001),while TG and FBG levels were positively correlated(r=0.628,P<0.001).The sensitivity,specificity,area under the curve(AUC)and optimal cut-off value of serum PAPP-A level in the diagnosis of GDM were 72.55%,82.35%,0.861 and 16.340,respectively,while the sensitivity of TG in diagnosing GDM was 86.27%,the specificity was 66.67%,the AUC was 0.813,with an optimal cut-off value of 1.796.The corresponding sensitivity,specificity,AUC and optimal cut-off value of serum 25-(OH)D were 64.71%,70.59%,0.721 and 23.140,respectively.Moreover,multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that FBG,vascular endothelial growth factor,Flt-1,serum PAPP-A,TG,and 25-(OH)D were related risk factors leading to GDM in patients.CONCLUSION Serum PAPP-A,TG,and 25-(OH)D levels are all correlated with blood glucose changes in GDM,and are independent factors affecting the occurrence of GDM and have certain value in the diagnosis of GDM.

Acrylamide Alters Cytoskeletal Protein Level in Rat Serum

To study biomarker of acrylamide （ACR） induced neuropathy, Wistar rats received 20 or 40 mg/kg of ACR by ip injection and the levels of light neurofilament （NF-L）, middle NF （NF-M）, heavy NF （NF-H）, β-actin, α-tubulin, and β-tubulin proteins in serum were evaluated using both SDS-PAGE and Western blotting. Compared to controls, NF-L and NF-M decreased,

Serum Protein Level Is Related to ADL in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease

Objectives: To establish an ADL prediction model for Parkinson’s inpatients as an auxiliary evaluation scheme. Methods: The data of Parkinson’s patients hospitalized in the Department of Neurology of Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University from 2019 to 2022, which suited the criteria were collected, and a multiple linear regression model was established with serum total protein, serum albumin, age, BMI and education level as independent variables and BI scores as dependent variables. Results: A total of 95 PD patients were included (mean 70.05 ± 10.87 years): 53 males and 42 females. The correlation analysis showed that the serum total protein (r = 0.398, P Conclusion: The ADL multiple linear regression model can be used as an important means to evaluate the ADL ability of PD patients in hospital.

Correlation between serum C1q tumor necrosis factor-related protein 4 and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels and coronary heart disease

Objective:To investigate the relationship between serum levels of C1q tumor necrosis factorrelated protein 4(CTRP4)and hypersensitive C reactive protein(hs-CRP)and coronary heart disease(CHD)and its clinical value.Methods:128 patients underwent coronary angiography in our hospital,63 males,65 women,Based on blood sugar levels and coronary angiography,Divided into pure coronary heart disease(CHD)group 62 cases,Coronary heart disease with diabetes(DM+CHD)group 66 cases,A total of 126 patients were selected as control group,65 men,61 women,CTRP4 and hs-CRP levels in serum,Using Pearson correlation analysis to assess the correlation between Gennisi score and CTRP4、hs-CRP,Analysis of three groups of biochemical indicators,CTRP4、hs-CRP level changes and clinical significance.Results:The CTRP4、hs-CRP level of DM+CHD group was significantly higher than that of control group and CHD group(P DM+CHD 0.05).The CTRP4、hs-CRP level of the three-vessel coronary artery lesion group in the experimental group was higher than that in the two-vessel lesion group(P﹤0.05),Double branch lesion group was higher than single branch lesion group(P﹤0.05);Correlation analysis shows,There was a significant positive correlation between the CTRP4、hs-CRP level of CHD group and DM+CHD group and the Gennisi score(P DM+CHD 0.05).ROC curves show,CTRP4 and hs-CRP levels had predictive value(CHD group,AUC=0.940,0.934,DM+CHD group,AUC=0.980,0.964),Two associations(CHD:AUC=0.961,P﹤0.001,DM+CHD group:AUCDM+CHD 0.982,P﹤0.001)the predictive value is high.Conclusion:Serum CTRP4 and hs-CRP are positively related to the severity of coronary heart disease,and the sensitivity and specificity of predicting coronary heart disease are high,which is helpful for the identification and early prevention of coronary heart disease,and has certain clinical reference value.

SGK3 overexpression correlates with a poor prognosis in endoscopically resected superficial esophageal squamous cell neoplasia:A long-term study

BACKGROUND The expression status of serum and glucocorticoid-induced protein kinase 3(SGK3)in superficial esophageal squamous cell neoplasia(ESCN)remains unknown.AIM To evaluate the SGK3 overexpression rate in ESCN and its influence on the prognosis and outcomes of patients with endoscopic resection.METHODS A total of 92 patients who had undergone endoscopic resection for ESCN with more than 8 years of follow-up were enrolled.Immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate SGK3 expression.RESULTS SGK3 was overexpressed in 55(59.8%)patients with ESCN.SGK3 overexpression showed a significant correlation with death(P=0.031).Overall survival and disease-free survival rates were higher in the normal SGK3 expression group than in the SGK3 overexpression group(P=0.013 and P=0.004,respectively).Cox regression analysis models demonstrated that SGK3 overexpression was an independent predictor of poor prognosis in ESCN patients(hazard ratio 4.729;95% confidence interval:1.042-21.458).CONCLUSION SGK3 overexpression was detected in the majority of patients with endoscopically resected ESCN and was significantly associated with shortened survival.Thus,it might be a new prognostic factor for ESCN.

Effect of Egyptian propolis on cryptosporidiosis in immunosuppressed rats with special emphasis on oocysts shedding,leukogram,protein profile and ileum histopathology

Objective:To investigate the activity of Egyptian propolis extracts(ethanol and water)on cryptosporidiosis in experimentally infected dexamethasone-immunosuppressed rats.Methods:A total of 180 male rats(190-220)g BWt were randomly divided into 9 equal groups(G1-G9).Groups of rats were kept as(G1):normal control,(G2-G9):immunosuppressed with dexamethasone and(G3-G9):infected with Cryptosporidium oocysts.Rats from(G4to G9)were given orally ethanol and water extract of propolis(at a dose of 50 mg/kg BWt)and nitazoxanide(standard anti-cryptosporidial drug at a dose of 100 mg/kg BWt)to infected rats with different regimes.Faecal pellets were collected from all groups to monitor oocysts shedding from the 2nd to the 15th day post infection.At the end of the experiment,blood was collected from all groups for determination of leukogram and serum proteins.Ileum specimens were also examined histopathologically.Results:The highest reduction of oocysts shedding in faecal samples was 88%in rats prophylactically treated with propolis ethanol extract at the 4th dpi,and in rats prophylactically treated with water extract of propolis,was91%at the 6th dpi.There was a marked increase in neutrophils count and α_2-andβ-globulins levels in infected rats treated with both extracts,while a significant decrease was detected in lymphocytes compared to the infected non treated group.β-globulin level markedly increased in the rats administered nitazoxanide.Histopathological changes were observed in the ileum of rats infected with Cryptosporidium.Conclusions:Egyptian propolis extracts have an activity on cryptosporidiosis in rats.Moreover,propolis modulated the immunity in dexamethasone-immunosuppressed rats.

Ischemic stroke susceptibility gene in a Northern Han Chinese population

Interleukin-18 gene promoter polymorphisms are potential risk factors for ischemic cerebrovascular disease, and the –607C allele may increase ischemic stroke risk in the Han Chinese population. In the present study, we recruited 291 patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease from the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Medical College, China, and 226 healthy controls. Both patients and controls were from the Han population in northern China. Immunoresonance scattering assays detected increased serum amyloid A protein, C-reactive protein, and interleukin-18 levels in ischemic cerebrovascular disease patients compared with healthy controls. Analysis of the –607C/A （rs1946518） polymorphism in the interleukin-18 gene promoter showed ischemic cerebrovascular disease patients exhibited increased frequencies of the CC genotype and C alleles than healthy controls. Genotype and allele frequencies of the interleukin-18 –137G/C （rs187238） polymorphism and the –13T/C （rs11024595） polymorphism in the 5＇-flanking region of serum amyloid A, showed no significant difference between the two groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis on the interleukin-18 promoter A/C genetic locus, for correction of age, gender, history of smoking, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesteremia, and an ischemic stroke family history, showed ischemic cerebrovascular disease risk in individuals without the A allele （C homozygotes） was 2.2-fold greater than in A allele carriers. Overall, our findings suggest that the –13T/C （rs11024595） polymorphism in the 5′-flanking region of serum amyloid A has no correlation with ischemic cerebrovascular disease, but the C allele of the –607C/A （rs1946518） polymorphism in the interleukin-18 promoter is a high-risk factor for ischemic cerebrovascular disease in the Han population of northern China. In addition, the A allele is likely a protective gene for ischemic cerebrovascular disease.

Immunoglobulin D-λ/λbiclonal multiple myeloma:A case report

BACKGROUND Immunoglobulin D(IgD)multiple myeloma(MM)is a rare subtype of MM and commonly occurs in younger subjects but at a later stage of the International Staging System(ISS)when admitted.As a special type of IgD myeloma,IgD-λ/λbiclonal MM is rarer.Its serum protein electrophoresis and serum immunofixation electrophoresis(IFE)might find no anomalies even if the bone marrow(BM)examination is performed.Thus,it is easy to miss the diagnosis.CASE SUMMARY A 62-year-old man diagnosed as IgD-λ/λmyeloma(ISS stage III)was admitted with fatigue and weight loss.The physical examination suggested an anemic face,a few moist rales at the left lung base,and mild concave edema in both lower extremities.Laboratory examinations showed the elevated creatinine levels,β2-microglobulin,lactic dehydrogenase,and erythrocyte sedimentation rate,while the decreased neutrophils,granulocytes,and hemoglobin.In the serum protein electrophoresis,there appeared two inconspicuous M-spikes.Serum IFE indicated an over-representation of lambda light chain and yielded two monoclonal bands inλregion,but only one corresponding heavy chain band in the antisera to IgD region.The BM histology and BM cytology both supported the diagnosis of IgD-λ/λmyeloma.CONCLUSION This case highlights the differential clinical manifestations and laboratory findings of IgD-λ/λmyeloma to help minimize the chance of misdiagnosis.

APPLICATION OF NONIONIC TEMPERATURE SENSITIVE HYDROGEL FOR CONCENTRATION OF PROTEIN AQUEOUS SOLUTION

Six different N-alkyl substituted acrylarnide nonionic hydrogels were prepared and their swelling characteristics were measured. Poly N-isopropyl acrylamide (PNIPA) and poly N-n-propyl-acrylamide (PNNPA) temperature sensitive hydrogels were chosen as the nonionic temperature sensitive hydrogels for concentration of very dilute aqueous protein solution. The separation properties of PNIPA and PNNPA hydr0gels with different network dimensions were studied and the modification of the hydrogels was surveyed in order to decrease their surface adsorption of protein molecules. The experimental results of the concentration of BSA (Bovin serum albumin) dilute aqueous solution by hydroxylpropyl methacrylate (HPMA) copolymerized PNIPA hydrogel were given. The value and the limitation of concentration of dilute aqueous protein solution by this method was evaluated.

Effects of early energy and protein restriction on growth performance, clinical blood parameters, carcass yield, and tibia parameters of broilers

financially supported by the Science and Technology Develop Project of Northern Jiangsu, China （BN2015136）;the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institution, China

The relationship between serum amyloid A and apolipoprotein A-I in high-density lipoprotein isolated from patients with coronary heart disease

Background Alteration in the protein composition of high-density lipoprotein （HDL） has been proposed as a mechanism for the development of coronary heart disease （CHD）.In HDL,an increase in serum amyloid A protein （SAA） accompanying the decrease in apolipoprotein A-I （apoA-I） has been found during the acute inflammation period.However,whether this phenomenon persists in CHD patients,a disease related to inflammation,is unknown.The purpose of the present study was to explore the relationship between SAA and apoA-I in HDL isolated from CHD patients.Methods Overall,98 patients with confirmed stable CHD and 90 control subjects matched for age and gender were enrolled in this case-control study.Potassium bromide （KBr） density gradient ultracentrifugation was used to isolate HDL from plasma.The levels of SAA and apoA-I in the HDL samples were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits.Pearson＇s correlation and general linear models were used in the analysis.Results Compared with controls,patients with CHD had a significant decrease in the amount of apoA-I （（14.21±8.44） μg/ml vs.（10.95±5.95） μg/ml,P =0.003） in HDL and a significant increase in the amount of log SAA （1.21±0.46 vs.1.51±0.55,P 〈0.00001）.Differences were independent of age,body mass index （BMI）,HDL cholesterol （HDL-C）,and other factors.An independently and statistically significant positive correlation between log SAA and apoA-I in HDL was observed only in the CHD group （β =2.0,P =0.026）.In the general linear model,changes in Iog（SAA）,age,age2,gender,BMI and HDL-C could explain a statistically significant 43% of the variance in apoA-I.Conclusions This study provides direct evidence for the first time that there was an independent positive correlation between log SAA and apoA-I in the HDL of CHD patients,indicating the alteration of protein composition in HDL.However,the question of whether this alteration in HDL is associated with impairment of HDL functions requires further research.