Serum soluble interleukin-2 receptor levels in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection and its relation with antiHBc

AIM： To investigate the relationship between serum soluble interleukin-2 receptor （sIL-2R） level and anti-HBc in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus （HBV） infection. METHODS： Sera from 100 patients with chronic HBV infection and 30 healthy controls were included in this study. The patients were divided into group A [HBsAg （＋）, HBeAg （＋） and anti-HBc （＋）, n = 50] and group B [HBsAg （＋）, HBeAg （＋） and anti-HBc （-）, n = 50]. sIL-2R levels were determined using ELISA. HBV DNA and alanine aminotransferase （ALT） were also detected. RESULTS： Serum sIL-2R levels were significantly higher in patients with chronic HBV infection than in healthy controls. Moreover, serum sIL-2R levels were significantly higher in patients with HBsAg （＋）, HBeAg （＋） and antiHBc （＋） （976.56±213.51×10^3 U/L） than in patients with HBsAg （＋）, HBeAg （＋） and anti-HBc （-） （393.41±189.54 ×10^3 U/L, P〈 0.01）. A significant relationship was found between serum sIL-2R and ALT levels （P〈 0.01） in patients with chronic HBV infection, but there was no correlation between sIL-2R and HBV DNA levels. The anti-HBc status was significantly related to the age of patients （P〈 0.01）. CONCLUSION： The high sIL-2R level is related to positive anti-HBc in chronic hepatitis B patients. Positive anti-HBc may be related to T-lymphocyte activation and negative anti-HBc may imply immune tolerance in these patients.

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF ELEVATED SERUM SOLUBLE INTERLEUKIN-2 RECEPTOR IN GASTRIC CANCER

This is China’s pilot stndy in the assessment of the diagnostic value of serum soluble IL-2 receptor (sIL-2R) in gastric cancer.We measured its level by ELISA method in 45 patients with gastric cancer (without metastasis:32;with metastasis:5;recurrence:8)27 gastric ulcer,

Changes in soluble interleukin-2 receptor level in serum and Na^+ -K^+ -exchanging ATPase activity in semen of infertile men caused by antisperm antibody

Aim: To explore the possible mechanisms of male infertility caused by antisperm antibody (AsAb). Methods: Thesoluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) level in serum was analyzed by ELISA and Na^+ -K^+ -exchanging ATPase activi-ty in semen by phosphorus (Pi) assay. Results: The slL-2R level in serum was significantly higher and the Na^+ -K^+ -exchanging ATPase activity in semen significantly lower in AsAb positive infertile men when compared with thecontrols. Conclusion: The AsAb titer varies with the slL-2R level in serum. A decrease in Na^+ -K^+ -exchangingATPase activity in semen may play a role in male infertility caused by AsAb.

Effects of Aprotinin on Serum Interleukin-2 and Soluble Interleukin-2 Receptor during Cardiopulmonary Bypass

Interleukin-2 and its receptor are of importance in regulating immunity responses. The changes of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and soluble interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) during heart valve (s) replacement operation and effects of aprotinin on them were observed. Twenty patients undergoing heart valve (s) replacement were randomly divided into two groups: control group (n=10) and apro- tinin group (n=10). In aprotinin group, 1 000 000 KIU aprotinin was given by vein injection and then 2 000 000 KIU was given as a bolus in prime. Blood samples were collected before CPB, right after CPB and on the 1st, 3rd and 7th postoperative day (POD) for serum IL-2 and sIL-2R determination. Results showed that after CPB, IL-2 was reduced and slL-2R increased. Meanwhile, serum IL-2R was lower in aprotinin group than that of control. It is concluded that the immunity depression after CPB is associated with low level of IL-2 and high level of sIL-2R and aprotinin can ameliorate the situation.

Increased serum levels of soluble CD146 and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 in patients with exudative age-related macular degeneration

AIM: To investigate serum levels of soluble CD146(s CD146) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2(VEGFR2) in patients with age-related macular degeneration(AMD). METHODS: Eighty-eight patients with exudative AMD and 45 sex-and age-matched healthy controls were enrolled in this study conducted in China. Serum samples was obtained from the patients with exudative AMD and from the controls. Serum sCD146 and VEGFR2 protein levels were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.RESULTS: We found that serum sCD146 and VEGFR2 protein levels were significantly higher in the patients with exudative AMD group than in the controls(t=3.859, P<0.001 and t=3.829, P<0.001, respectively). Serum sCD146 levels were significantly higher in patients with classic choroidal neovascularization(CNV) than in those with occult CNV(t=9.899, P<0.001). There was a significant difference in the trend for exudative AMD in the highest versus lowest quartile of circulating sCD146 levels(χ2=10.29, P=0.001). The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the area under the curve was 0.696 for s CD146(95%CI: 0.601-0.791) with an optimum diagnostic cut-off value of 157.16 ng/mL, a sensitivity of 55.7%, and a specificity of 82.2%.CONCLUSION: The serum sCD146 level increases and may be a biomarker for exudative AMD.

Study of the Effect of Leeching on Plasma Endothelin and Soluble Interleukin-2 Receptor in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Objective: to explore the mechanism of leeching in treating systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods: Forty-four patients with SLE were randomly divided into conventional corticosteroid treated group (control group, n =20) and conventional treatment group with leeching intervention added (leeching group, n =24). Before and after treatment the concentration of plasma endothelin (ET) and soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) were determined. Results: Before treatment the level of plasma ET and sIL-2R in the SLE patients were all higher than those in the normal healthy group, ( P <0.01). But after treatment the level of these in both groups were significantly improved than those of before treatment ( P <0.05), and comparison between these two treated groups showed that the difference between them was significant ( P <0.05). Conclusion: Leeching added to conventional treatment of SLE could be more effective in improving the level of plasma ET and sIL-2R, and ameliorating the impairment of renal tissues.

Elevated pancreatic enzymes, IgM, soluble interleukin-2 receptor in anti-GADab(+) type 1 diabetes

Type 1 diabetes can be classified into immune-mediated diabetes (type 1A) and idiopathic diabetes, which lacks immunological evidence for beta cell autoimmunity (type 1B). Type 1A diabetes is characterized by the presence of the anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody (anti-GADab). Fulminant type 1 diabetes is classified as type 1B diabetes, and characterized by the absence of anti-GADab, flu-like symptoms, and elevated serum exocrine pancreatic enzymes. We report a type 1 diabetic patient who showed flu-like symptoms, elevated serum exocrine pancreatic enzymes, and an extremely high-titer of anti-GADab, manifesting the characteristics of both type 1A and fulminant type 1 diabetes.

Soluble Interleukin 2 Receptor-Alpha (sIL-2Rα) in the Peripheral Blood of Dogs—Comparison of Malignant Neoplasia with Other Diseases

Background: Cytokines are mediators of diseases. Expression levels in the blood could be of clinical relevance. Objective: sIL-2Rα is used as a marker for different malignancies in human medicine. The aim of this study was to show if sIL-2Rα is detectable and if there is any correlation to different diseases in dogs. Methods: For this purposes sIL-2Rα concentrations in the blood were measured in healthy dogs, in dogs with different non-neoplastic diseases and benign tumors and in dogs with malignant tumors. Serum levels of sIL-2Rα were measured by using a human specific enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: Measurement of sIL-2Rα was successful in most of the samples. Dogs with diseases have significantly increased serum levels of sIL-2Rα compared to healthy controls. sIL-2Rα serum levels are higher in patients with non-neoplastic diseases and benign tumors than in those with malignant neoplasia. There is a strong correlation between sIL-2Rα and leukocyte count. Conclusion: Measurements of sIL-2Rα in serum may be helpful in detecting stages and grades of inflammation in the progression of disease. sIL-2Rα could actually not be used as an indicator for malignant diseases in dogs like in humans. The strong correlation between sIL-2Rα and the leukocyte count indicates the inflammatory response to the disease. This could be helpful in giving a prognosis in some cases, because the inflammatory reaction is of prognostic relevance in different diseases including malignant and non-malignant neoplasia. Although the results of our research studies were very promising, further studies should be performed with a canine ELISA.

DETECTION OF PLASMA SOLUBLE INTERLEUKIN－2 RECEPTOR IN PATIENTS WITH SEVERE AND CHRONIC ACTIVE HEPATITIS B

Plasma levels of soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) in patients with chronic active hepatitis B (CAHB) or severe hepatitis B (SHB) were measured quantitatively by 'sandwich' ELISA with monoclonal antibodies in order to explore the change of sIL-2R levels, its clinical significance,and its relation to liver damage. The results showed that the plasma sIL-2R levels in patients with CAHB and SHB were much higher than those in normal controls (P < 0. 01 ), and the level ofplasma sIL-2R in patients with SHB was greatly higher than that in patients with CAHB. These results suggest that there is close relation between plasma level of sIL-2R, the clinical types of hepatitis B,and the severity of liver damage. In addition, there is no significant difference in plasma levels of sIL-2R between acute severe hepatitis B (ASHB), subacute severe hepatitis B (SASHB), and chronic severe hepatitis B (CSHB). No relation was found between sIL-2R level and hepatitis B virusreplication activity.

社区获得性肺炎患者血清HBD-1、SAA、sIL-2R水平变化及指导病情分级的意义

目的检测社区获得性肺炎(CAP)患者血清防御素-1(HBD-1)、淀粉样蛋白A(SAA)、可溶性白细胞介素-2受体(sIL-2R)水平变化,并分析其对病情分级的指导意义。方法选取2021年7月至2023年8月在该院收治的85例CAP患者(CAP组),根据肺炎严重度指数(PSI)将其分为低风险组(34例)、中风险组(41例)和高风险组(10例),另取85例健康成人作为对照组。比较CAP组和对照组血清HBD-1、SAA和sIL-2R水平,比较PSI不同风险分组血清HBD-1、SAA和sIL-2R水平;采用受试者操作特征(ROC)曲线分析HBD-1、SAA、sIL-2R水平对CAP患者的诊断价值;采用Spearman相关性分析CAP患者PSI值和血清HBD-1、SAA、sIL-2R水平之间的关系。结果CAP患者血清HBD-1、SAA和sIL-2R水平均高于对照组,其中PSI评分不同分组血清HBD-1、SAA和sIL-2R水平由高到低为高风险组>中风险组>低风险组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析结果显示,血清HBD-1[曲线下面积(AUC)=0.739]、SAA(AUC=0.773)、sIL-2R(AUC=0.730)水平对CAP患者具有良好的诊断价值(P<0.05)。Spearman相关性分析结果显示,血清HBD-1水平[相关系数(r)=0.304]、SAA(r=0.498)和sIL-2R(r=0.435)水平与PSI评分呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论血清HBD-1、SAA、sIL-2R水平对CAP患者的病情分级具有较好的指导意义。

Effect of Kang’ai Injection (康艾注射液) on Serum Level of Soluble Interleukin-2 Receptor and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Patients with Esophageal Carcinoma during Radiotherapy

Objective： To observe the effect of Kang＇ai Injection （康艾注射液, KAI） on serum level of soluble interleukin-2 receptor （sIL-2R） and vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） in patients with esophageal carcinoma （EC） during radiotherapy （RT）, and to investigate its synergistic effect with RT and its influence on immunological function of the body. Methods： One hundred and seventy patients with EC, who had missed the chance of surgical operational therapy, were assigned to the treated group （90 cases） and the RT group （80 cases）, and at the same time a control group consisting of 80 inpatients without tumors was set up. Patients in the RT group were treated with RT alone but KAI was given additionally to those in the treated group, with 50 ml given once per day via intravenous dripping, 15 days as one course, and 2 courses administered in total. The immediate therapeutic efficacy and changes of serum slL-2R and VEGF levels were observed, and the effect of KAI on patients＇ quality of life （QOF） was evaluated by Karnofsky scoring. Results： In 16 patients of the treated group it was completely remission （OR）, in 54 partially remission （PR）, in 18 it was stabilized disease （SD） and in 2 progressive disease （PD）, with the total effective rate （CR ＋ PR） as 77.8%, while in those of the control group it was 12, 46, 18, 4 and 72.5%, respectively, the immediate therapeutic efficacy in the treated group was somewhat better than that in the RT group, but showed no statistical significance （P〉0.05）. Serum levels of slL-2R and VEGF in all the patients before treatment were higher than those in the control group, which were decreased after treatment in both groups （P〈0.05）, but the improvement in the treated group was better than that in the RT group, showing significant difference （P〈0.05）, and patients＇ QOF improved more significantly in the former as well （62.2 % vs 40.0%, P〈 0.05）. Conclusion： KAI in combination with RT in treating patients with EC could enhance the immunological function of patients, improve their QOF and enhance their sensitivity to RT.

Predicting value of serum soluble ST2 and interleukin-33 for risk stratification and prognosis in patients with acute myocardial infarction

Background Acute myocardial infarction （AMI） is a common cardiac emergency with high mortality.Serum soluble ST2 （sST2） is a new emerging biomarker of cardiac diseases.The present study is to investigate the predictive value of sST2 and interleukin-33 （IL-33） for risk stratification and prognosis in patients with AMI.Methods Fifty-nine patients with AMI,whose chief complaint was chest pain or dyspnea,were selected for our study.Physical examination,chest radiograph,electrocardiograph （ECG）,biomarkers of myocardial infarction,NT-proBNP,echocardiography and other relevant examinations were performed to confirm the diagnosis of AMI.Thirty-six healthy people were chosen as the control group.Serum samples from these subjects （patients within 24 hours after acute attack） were collected and the levels of sST2 and IL-33 were assayed by enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay （ELISA） kit.The follow-up was performed on the 7th day,28th day,3rd month and 6th month after acute attack.According to the follow-up results we defined the end of observation as recurrence of AMI or any causes of death.Results Median sST2 level of the control group was 9.38ng/ml and that of AMI patients was 29.06ng/ml.Compared with the control group,sST2 expression in the AMI group was significantly different （P〈0.001）.In contrast,the IL-33 level showed no significant difference between the two groups.Serum sST2 was a predictive factor independent of other variables and may provide complementary information to NT-proBNP or GRACE risk score.IL-33 had no relationship to recurrence of AMI.Both sST2 and the IL-33/sST2 ratio were correlated with the 6-month prognosis; areas under the ROC curve were 0.938 and 0.920 respectively.Conclusions Early in the course （〈24 hours） of AMI,sST2 usually increases markedly.The increase of sST2 has an independent predictive value for the prognosis in AMI patients and provides complementary information to NT-proBNP or GRACE risk score.The IL-33/sST2 ratio correlates with the 6-month prognosis of AMI patients.However,there is no significant relationship between IL-33 and the prognosis of AMI patients.

穴位注射对反复呼吸道感染患儿sIL-2R的影响

目的 探讨穴位注射对反复呼吸道感染患儿(复感儿)免疫功能的影响及作用机制。方法 采用ELISA法测定治疗组、对照组复感儿治疗前后及正常儿童血清可溶性白细胞介素2受体(sIL-2R)水平。治疗组采用维丁胶性钙注射液对定喘、足三里、丰隆交替进行穴位注射治疗,对照组采用维丁胶性钙注射液肌肉注射治疗。结果 治疗前复感儿血清sIL-2R明显高于正常儿童(P<0.01),穴位注射治疗后,升高的sIL-2R水平明显回落(P<0.01)。治疗组临床疗效优于对照组(P<0.01)。结论 穴位注射可提高复感儿细胞免疫功能,并有较好的临床疗效。

TSH抑制疗法对分化型甲状腺癌患者术后血清Tg、VEGF、TSGF、CD44V6、sIL-2R及T淋巴细胞亚群水平的影响

目的:探讨促甲状腺激素(thyroid stimulating hormone,TSH)抑制疗法对分化型甲状腺癌(differentiated thyroid carcinoma,DTC)患者术后血清甲状腺球蛋白(thyroglobulin,Tg)、血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)、肿瘤特异性生长因子(tumors pecific growth factor,TSGF)、白细胞分化抗原44变异型6(CD44V6)、可溶性白细胞介素-2受体(soluble interleukin-2receptor,sIL-2R)及T淋巴细胞亚群水平的影响。方法:选择2014年1月~2017年1月我院收治的接受甲状腺全切手术治疗的100例DTC患者,随机分为对照组和实验组,各50例。对照组患者常规给予甲状腺素替代治疗,实验组患者给予TSH抑制疗法(口服左甲状腺素钠片,控制血清TSH水平低于0.1mU/L),两组患者均给予治疗1个月。比较两组患者治疗前后血清Tg、VEGF、TSGF、CD44V6、sIL-2R水平及外周血CD3^+、CD4^+、CD8^+水平。结果:两组治疗前的血清Tg、VEGF、TSGF、CD44V6、sIL-2R水平比较,均无显著性差异(P>0.05);两组治疗后的血清Tg、VEGF、TSGF、CD44V6、sIL-2R水平相比治疗前均较低,且实验组治疗后血清Tg、VEGF、TSGF、CD44V6、sIL-2R水平变化均显著优于对照组(P<0.05)。两组治疗前的外周血CD3^+、CD4^+、CD8^+水平比较,均无显著性差异(P>0.05);两组治疗后的外周血CD3^+、CD4^+水平相比治疗前均较高、CD8^+水平相比治疗前均较低,且实验组治疗后血外周血CD3^+、CD4^+、CD8^+水平变化均优于对照组,具有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论:DTC行甲状腺全切手术治疗后接受TSH抑制疗法能够有效降低血清Tg、VEGF、TSGF、CD44V6、sIL-2R水平,改善细胞免疫功能,值得在临床上推广应用。

大骨节病患者淋巴细胞亚群及sIL-2R的检测意义

目的 探讨大骨节病患者外周血淋巴细胞分布形式、血清可溶性白细胞介素 - 2受体 (s IL- 2 R)及其与硒的相关性。方法 在大骨节病病区随机选取经 X线和临床检查确诊的大骨节病儿童 ,同时在该病区和非病区分别选取健康儿童作为对照组。采用单克隆抗体 (抗 CD4 ,CD8)免疫细胞组化法检测淋巴细胞亚群。s IL- 2 R的测定采用双抗体夹心 EL ISA法。结果 大骨节病病区儿童外周血单核细胞 (PBMC)中 CD4 +、CD8+率显著低于非病区水平 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,CD4 / CD8各组间没有差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。患儿组血清 s IL- 2 R水平显著高于非病区水平 (P =0 .0 38)。病区健康儿童组较非病区有升高趋势 ,但差异无显著意义。另外 ,病区儿童红细胞硒水平仍显著低于非病区 (P <0 .0 0 1)。相关分析表明 ,红细胞硒水平与 CD4 +率呈典型正相关 (r=0 .6 2 5 ,P <0 .0 5 ) ,与血清 s IL-2 R水平则无明显相关关系。结论 大骨节病病区儿童外周血处于一种免疫抑制状态 ,以 CD4 + 、CD8+ 比例的减少尤为明显。硒通过影响 PBMC中 T淋巴细胞亚群的分布形式从而在这种免疫紊乱中发挥了重要作用。建议把血清 s IL - 2 R的测定作为检出大骨节病儿童的一种参考指标。

下呼吸道感染患儿血清可溶性SIL－2R和免疫球蛋白IgG_4水平的研究

对反复下呼吸道感染患儿的血清可溶性白细胞介素－２受体（ＳＩＬ－２Ｒ）和血清及唾液中免疫球蛋白（ＩｇＧ４）的水平进行了检测。结果表明：反复下呼吸道感染患儿在发病期间其血清可溶性白细胞介素－２受体水平比健康儿童明显升高（Ｐ＜０．０１），而血清及唾液中免疫球蛋白ＩｇＧ４与健康儿童相比明显降低（Ｐ＜０．０５和Ｐ＜０．００５），提示反复下呼吸道感染的小儿存在着细胞和体液免疫紊乱。

分泌性中耳炎中耳积液和血清中sIL－2R水平的初步研究

应用酶联免疫吸附法（ＥＬＩＳＡ）对３０例正常人血清（对照组）和６０例分泌性中耳炎患者（ＳＯＭ组）中耳积液和血清中可溶性白细胞介素２受体（ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ）进行了检测。结果示ＳＯＭ组血清ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ水平明显高于对照组，ＭＥＦ中其含量明显高于血清；鼻咽癌组血清及ＭＥＦ中ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ水平明显高于─般ＳＯＭ组；粘液组高浆液组；慢性组高于急性组（均Ｐ＜０．０１）。提示：血清及ＭＥＦ中ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ水平的测定有助于对ＳＯＭ患者免疫状态的评估；ＭＥＦ中ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ可能主要由局部中耳粘膜产生；ＭＥＰ中高浓度的ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ存在可能是ＳＯＭ迁延不愈的─个原因。

肺癌患者手术前后血清IL-2和可溶性IL-2受体含量的变化及临床意义

为了解老年肺癌患者的免疫状况，本文采用RIA和ELISA法分别测定老年肺癌病人血清中IL-2和SIL-2R含量，结果显示术前IL-2含量明显低于正常对照组而SIL-2R含量明显高于正常对照组。肺癌术后IL-2高于术前而SIL-2R明显低于术前。提示此两项免疫指标对评价疗效和观察预后有一定的临床意义。

风湿免疫病患者的血清可溶性补体受体2水平变化及应用价值

目的探讨风湿免疫病患者的血清可溶性补体受体2(sCR2)水平变化及应用价值。方法随机选取2013年3月至2016年3月我院收治的风湿免疫病患者45例,将这些患者作为研究组,另选取同期来我院进行体检的健康人员40例为对照组,运用固相的ELISA法对两组人员的sCR2浓度进行测定,然后对两组人员的血清sCR2水平、研究组中RA和SLE患者的血清sCR2水平和相关指标的相关性及RA中处于活动期和非活动期患者的血清sCR2水平进行统计分析。结果组内比较,研究组中RA和SLE患者的血清sCR2水平之间的差异不具有统计学意义(P>0.05);组间比较,研究组中RA和SLE患者的血清sCR2水平均显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。RA患者的血清sCR2和RF水平无相关性;SLE患者的血清sCR2和C3水平无相关性。RA中处于活动期患者的血清sCR2水平显著低于非活动期患者(P<0.05)。结论风湿免疫病患者的血清sCR2水平较低,可能在一定程度上影响到疾病的活动程度。