Non-use value assessment for wetland ecosystem service of Hongxing National Nature Reserve in northeast China

By the contingent value method, we studied the non-use value of wetland ecosystem service of Hongxing National Nature Reserve （HNNR） in Heilongjiang Pro- vince, northeast China. The proportion of respondents willing to pay （WTP） for protection of HNNR was 63 %. The WTP ratio was affected by geographical area, contact nature, personal preferences, and familiar degree of the respondents. The WTP value was affected by age, education level and career of the respondents. The mainly reasons for people rejecting to pay for protecting HNNR were ＂I am not familiar to HNNR＂ and ＂I had no capacity for additional spending because of low income＂. Weighted average individual WTP value was CNY 59.26 Yuan ind.^-1 year^-1 for all the respondents with WTP. The total non-use ecosystem service value of HNNR was CNY 1430 million Yuan in 2013. The heritage value was highest followed by existence value and option value. From the high ecosystem service value in HNNR, it is very important to construct nature reserve for protecting natural ecosystems and human sustainable use of natural resources.

Effects of Service Standards Communication and Servant Leadership on Strategic Competence and Customer Orientation

Service standards communication and servant leadership are both important mechanisms to improve an organization＇s service process. Therefore, they are likely to affect strategic competence and customer orientation skills of organizations. In this research, customer orientation and strategic competence are undertaken in relation with servant leadership and service standards communication, using a sample of 106 Turkish firms＇ executive assistants. The results prove that service standards communication and servant leadership have a strong positive relationship with both strategic competence and customer orientation.

The Role of Government in the Socialization of Old- age Service

In the different stages of the development of the old-age service, the responsibility and function of the government will be different. In the new period, the government should redefine its role in advancing the socialization of the old-age service. The level of socialization of old-age services is not high, the lack of vitality of the pension market, the imperfect system and other problems arise because the government is not clear. The government should deal with the relationship between the main body of the market and avoid the ＇double failure＇ of the government and the market. The government should play a guiding role in the policy, laws and regulations and other aspects of good service work for the social services of the elderly to provide a good development environment.

Role of Effective Leadership on Empowerment,Effective Communication,and Motivation in Customer Service

Customer service is the act of supporting customers of a business that can break a business or generate profit in the competitive environment with growing customers’expectations.Regarding the critical role of customer service to differentiate between businesses,it is considered as one of the top considerations in businesses.However,there is a range of key factors that are tied to the success of a customer service provider in offering quality customer service that will eventually lead the business through exceeding or falling short in responding to customers’expectations.Besides,businesses are prone to face some challenges in the employment of customer services that are required to be addressed.This paper aims to discuss the importance of customer service and the establishment of an efficient customer service strategy in business considering different influential factors that affect offering quality customer services.It also explains challenges that businesses may face in providing amazing customer services and how to address them.

CAS 132-2006 Standard for Flat Panel Display TV Set Installation Service Formulating and Enforcing Main Point Explanation and Analysis

CAS 132-2006 formulation background and work courses Flat panel display technology is maturing alongside the development of science and technology. The prices of flat panel display TV sets are becoming lower and lower. Flat panel display TV sets have begun entering the mainstream and are now the first choice of some consumers when making new TV purchases.Display TV Set Installation Service Point Explanation and AnalysisRepair, Retreat and Change Duty Stipulations. Peculiar use conditions, usage environments, and the practical circumstances of user consumption service requirements, etc., were also taken into account on the basis of extensive investigation, testing, and verification.……

THE DEVELOPMENT PLANNING OF CHINA NATIONAL SERVICE STANDARD OF 2005-2008

According to the prime task of ''readjusting industrial structure,energetically developing service industry, completing service standards and promoting servicelevel'', which are raised in the 10th Five-Year Plan Outline of National Economy and SocialDevelopment, Standardization Administration of China (SAC), National Development and ReformCommission, Ministry of Civil Affairs of the People'' s Republic of China, Ministry of Constructionof P.R.C, Ministry of Commerce of the People''s Republic of China, Ministry of Culture of the People''s Republic of China, the People''s Bank of China, General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of P.R.C (AQSIQ), the State Administration of Radio, Film and Television,State General Administration of Sport, National Tourism Administration, China Seismological Bureau,China Meteorological Administration, China Insurance Regulatory Commission, State Post Bureau, StateCultural Relics, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Bureau, China NationalTechnical Committee 264 on Service of Standardization Administration of China, China Consumers''Association and China National Institute of Standardization had compiled and officially ratified theDevelopment Planning of National Service Standard 2005-2008 by the end of 2005.

基于Web Services的风电场集中监控系统的设计与实现

为了解决风机数据映射及通信问题,依据风机通信映射国际标准IEC61400-25,从信息模型、信息交换模型,以及这两种模型向特定协议栈映射三个方面进行了研究。在此基础上构建了基于Web Services的风电场监控系统体系结构,完成了对Web Services服务端模块以及Web服务接口设计,突破了不同风机厂家无法实现统一监控等关键技术,有效地解决了目前风电场中不同设备间的相互通信问题,实现了对风场设备的集中监控,从真正意义上实现了风电场的优化运行,并节约了对风电场投资,实现了风电场效益的最大化。

基于Broker/Service模型的分布式产品数据管理系统架构研究

本文给出了基于Broker/Service模型的产品数据管理系统 (PDM)的体系结构及其原型的实现。它主要包括事件引擎和相应的功能Broker,其中事件引擎是一个WebService注册中心 ,它管理WebService的WSDL文件 ,并从中提取出EA规则 ,事件引擎根据EA规则进行传递、探测事件并触发Broker执行相应服务。基于Broker/Service模型的PDM结构降低了整个信息系统的复杂度 ,进一步提高了软件的开发效率 ,从而加快了系统的构建周期。

基于Web Services的风电场监控通信系统

为了更好的解决风机数据映射和通信的问题,根据风机通信映射国家标准IEC61400-25,分别从信息模型、信息交换模型,以及这两种模型向特定协议栈映射三方面进行了分析。在此基础之上构建了WebServices的风电场监控通信系统,这也是对Web Services服务模块、Web服务接口的一种完善设计。有效的解决了风电场监控通信系统中不同设备不想通信的问题,更好的实现了风场设备的集中性监控,优化风电场的运行,在一定程度上还节约了风电场的投资,收获更多的效益。

Impact of Healthcare Management and Control on Service Delivery, a Case of Oklahoma Healthcare Facilities

Background: Healthcare management and control have been essential to any economy and a concern for most nations. Health care being in the service industry gives another challenge as they are inseparable from the service providers. As a result, a significant focus should be made on the management and control of healthcare. A study is necessary to establish how such practices influence service delivery within the healthcare industry. Objective: To show the influence of health care management and control on the service delivery in the health sector and to establish the impact of health care management system on the delivery of health services, find out the extent to which health leadership has influenced service delivery in the health industry and to establish the existence of healthcare control practices in the health industry and their impact on service delivery. Methods: The general information questionnaire, interviews patient’s satisfaction scale, and the hospital performance index were investigated by interviewing 42 healthcare workers working in Oklahoma hospitals. The study utilized a combination of data collection instruments, questionnaires, and interviews for primary data collection and a cross-sectional survey for secondary data from healthcare records within the healthcare facilities. The research adopted a descriptive statistics methodology for data analysis. The study tested the validity of data collected and reset test for omitted variables and simple correlation analysis. Results: effective healthcare management yields reasonable patient satisfaction and ignites motivation among healthcare workers. Additionally, quality service delivery is a function of proper healthcare management systems. Although it is impossible to measure effective management through observation, the testimonies and satisfaction levels among the nurses and the patients communicate accurately.

Meeting Engineering Program Objectives through Service Learning Opportunities in Developing Countries

The civil engineering profession, in an adaptive reaction to emerging roles for civil engineers, is recognizing the need for new engineers to possess a more robust skill set than just the typical design background. This paper describes the efforts of Clemson Engineers for Developing Countries （CEDC） to fulfill the more nontraditional and often unaddressed ＂learning outcomes＂ noted by ASCE＇s Civil Engineering Body of Knowledge lbr the 21st Century as important prerequisites for licensure. The learning outcomes are addressed through ongoing international service learning projects in Cange, Haiti. The paper focuses on the following four outcomes and their fulfillment methods： leadership, globalization, teamwork, and communications. The student led organization has allowed students to set up their own fundraising mechanisms, to seek out members to join design review boards, and to develop their own project objectives. This level of student autonomy is n,3ted as key to ensuring that students achieve competency in these four areas.

Ecosystem services assessment using a valuation framework for the Bangladesh Sundarbans: livelihood contribution and degradation analysis

The ecosystem services provided by the Bangladesh Sundarbans contribute in various sectors especially to the livelihood of the surrounding peoples, but they are often overlooked in the valuation process. This study investigates the significance of ecosystem services on peoples＇ lives and how these services are affected by climate change and other factors. Here an economic valuation framework was used to list the ecosystem services provided by this mangrove forest. Direct uses included timber, gol- pata （Nypa fruticans）, honey, beeswax, fish, shrimp larvae and tourism. Indirect uses included carbon storage, protection from cyclones and tidal surges, breeding and nursery grounds for the aquatic species, and biodiversity conservation. This work also found that the ecosystem services were diminished by fresh water flow reduction, overharvesting, sea level rise, salinity increase, poaching, and climate change. In the present context and future scenario, sea level rise will be an important contributor to changes in ecosystem services. But because many factors impact sea level rise, the impact of climate change takes on less importance than many other causes of ecosystem service degradation in the Bangladesh Sundarbans.

面向消防员的基于COVID-19经验的知识资源开发:伊利诺伊州消防服务研究所图书馆案例研究

[目的/意义]伊利诺伊州消防服务研究所(IFSI)图书馆是伊利诺伊州唯一的消防服务图书馆,也是美国为数不多的此类图书馆之一。基于多年与消防员合作和过去的研究经验,IFSI图书馆确定经验知识是消防员在教学、培训和研究中最需要的知识。在与消防员工作相关的主题上开发并免费提供基于经验的知识资源至关重要;而最近的COVID-19大流行就是这样一个主题。本研究的目的是为消防员开发基于经验的COVID-19知识资源,帮助他们从这场大流行中学习,并将这些经验应用于未来的紧急情况,以确保他们自身和社区的安全。[方法/过程]本研究采用案例研究方法,探讨了如何为与COVID-19相关的消防员创建基于经验的知识资源。在研究过程中,开发了四种新的基于经验的知识资源:1)IFLODD数字图像收藏数据库和COVID-19 LODD;2)反思:消防员COVID-19响应的口述历史;3)IFSI COVID-19档案和IDEALS;4)伊利诺伊州选定消防部门的COVID-19响应实景图像和伊利诺伊州数字档案。通过多年来与伊利诺伊州消防服务部门建立的信任和尊重的良好关系以及其在州级消防学院内的位置,IFSI图书馆与伊利诺伊州消防服务部门建立了密切联系。这些资源以图片、文件、视频、采访和采访记录以及其他相关资料的形式,收集了伊利诺伊州消防服务中各种基于经验的知识。[结果/结论]如果没有伊利诺伊州消防服务学院图书馆在火灾和信息服务方面的领导经验,以及与其他机构建立的伙伴关系提供的传播经验性知识平台,在本案例研究中创建的基于经验的知识资源是不可能实现的。在伊利诺伊州消防服务学院图书馆的领导力及其与合作伙伴关系的支持下,这些新的基于经验的知识资源成为图书馆在紧急情况准备和响应中发挥作用的明证,也为他人创建面向消防员的经验性知识资源树立了榜样。

基于Appium-XWay业务平台的Parlay X业务开发研究

下一代网络业务平台旨在让运营商用最新的技术创建和部署电信网络业务,介绍Appium-XWay下一代网络业务平台,详细分析了其系统环境、体系结构,研究基于平台进行Parlay X业务开发的模块组件,给出基于平台的ParlayX第三方呼叫实例。

合作、服务与引领:新时期“U-G-S”三位一体关系的反思与实践路径重构

地方高师院校(U)如何更好地与地方教育管理部门(G)以及中小学(S)建立合作关系历来是一个难题。合作目的的错位、利益与职责机制的缺乏、地位的不平等以及管理文化的差异,导致地方高师院校与中小学合作的实然关系不理想。从应然意义而言,高师院校要以服务中小学教师专业发展为主要范畴,以研究中小学教育教学改革的实践问题为主业,以引领中小学教育教学能力的整体提升为目标,以培育和创新中华民族优秀教师文化为使命。但由于实然的诉求不同,目标各异,使原本紧密的合作关系张力不断。在新时期全面深化教师队伍建设的时代背景下,高师院校要与地方教育管理部门以及中小学进一步加强合作体系建设,突出服务意识,构建服务机制,引领文化发展,建设协调机制,更好地形成三位一体的合作发展机制。

非正式领导会影响医院服务质量吗?--任务依赖性与过度组织信任的调节式中介模型

医患双方对医疗服务质量的认知落差是导致医患矛盾的原因之一.据此,本文从社会网视角出发,探讨我国医疗制度改革情境中非正式领导对医患服务质量认知落差的作用机制,并发现过度组织信任作为中介机制、任务依赖性作为调节机制影响二者(非正式领导和医患服务质量认知落差)的关系。本文以问卷调查和整体网分析方法,经过收集并分析B市两家医院的临床医护人员与患者资料,证明了上述假设,为推行新医改的必要性提供了更多科学依据.本文建议未来医院管理要更加分权化,以减少医护人员对组织的过度信任,并在降低任务依赖性的调节作用下,缩小医患服务质量认知落差,从而为医患之间建立互动关系创造条件.同时本文就医院中具有较高任务依赖性岗位的管理举措给出相应建议.

服务型领导激发公务员服务热情的过程机制——一个调节-中介模型的构建与检验

在我国深化改革时代背景下,公务员的工作积极性和服务热情研究显得至关重要。文章从管理者的领导风格出发,结合员工的责任知觉与公共服务动机等关键因素,试图解释激发公务员服务热情的过程机制。基于对256名中国的公务员进行两阶段的配对问卷调查和结构方程模型建模分析,结果表明:服务型领导对激发公务员的服务热情具有积极的影响;责任知觉在服务型领导激发公务员服务热情的过程中发挥了中介作用;公务员的公共服务动机正向调节服务型领导对责任知觉的影响;同时公共服务动机还正向调节服务型领导影响公务员服务热情的间接效应。

顾客导向、魅力型领导感知与员工服务绩效--来自中国银行业的证据

银行业大变革时代,价值链重构、经营战略调整势在必行。为此,通过问卷调查获取了大、中、小三类银行共312名员工的一手数据,运用结构方程模型实证研究了组织认同的中介效应和组织规模的调节效应。结果表明:顾客导向、魅力型领导感知对员工组织认同和服务绩效正向影响显著;组织认同在顾客导向与员工服务绩效间具有部分中介作用,在魅力型领导感知与员工服务绩效间起到完全中介作用;而组织规模的调节作用通过组织认同的中介效应进而影响员工服务绩效。因此,银行业需要继续强化员工顾客导向理念,采用软管理模式;同时,加快配套改革,全面发挥出魅力型领导的内部挖潜功能以及组织认同的纽带作用。

包容型领导风格对基层公务员担当作为的影响--一个链式中介模型

打造一支敢担当和善作为的基层公务员队伍是完善基层治理体系和提升基层治理效能的应有之义。作为一种积极的关系型领导风格,包容型领导风格对塑造基层公务员服务动机和主动行为有着积极作用,但尚未有研究讨论包容型领导风格与基层公务员担当作为之间的关系。本文基于社会交换理论和组织支持理论,从组织支持感和公共服务动机的视角探究包容型领导风格对基层公务员担当作为的作用效果和内在机制。通过对435名基层公务员的多时点调查数据进行回归分析和bootstrap检验后发现:包容型领导风格对基层公务员担当作为具有显著的正向预测作用,有助于提升基层公务员担当作为的水平;组织支持感知和公共服务动机在包容型领导风格和基层公务员担当作为的关系中均发挥了部分中介作用;组织支持感知和公共服务动机在包容型领导风格和基层公务员担当作为之间具有链式中介作用。

公路-铁路道口智能交通系统与精确列车控制

自上世纪90年代中期。受美国交通部（DOC）联邦铁路管理局（FRA）委托，美国交通部研究与创新技术管理局（RITA）John A．Volpe国家交通系统研究中心。对精确列车控制（PTC）和智能交通系统（ITS）技术集成进行研究。研究的目的是通过在公路-铁路道口（HRI）安装成本适当、标准的系统装置。改善安全状况。取得快速安全防范效果。此项研究的直接目的是通过示范工程。促进智能交通系统技术的开发，取得安全成本效益。通过在运输通道上的公路-铁路道口处安装精确列车控制系统、不断改进道口智能交通系统技术和对系统进行评估。可利用既有的基础设施最大限度地减少示范开发的投入。降低成本。图1显示的是典型的精确列车控制（PTC）系统配置。