Due to the rigorous fiscal terms and huge potential risk of risk service contracts,optimizing oil production paths is one of the main challenges in designing oilfield development plans.In this paper,an oil production ...Due to the rigorous fiscal terms and huge potential risk of risk service contracts,optimizing oil production paths is one of the main challenges in designing oilfield development plans.In this paper,an oil production path optimization model is developed to maximize economic benefits within constraints of technology factors and oil contracts.This analysis describes the effects of risk service contract terms on parameters of inputs and outputs and quantifies the relationships between production and production time,revenues,investment and costs.An oil service development and production project is illustrated in which the optimal production path under its own geological conditions and contract terms is calculated.The influences of oil price,service fees per barrel and operating costs on the optimal production have been examined by sensitivity analysis.The results show that the oil price has the largest impact on the optimal production,which is negatively related to oil price and positively related to service fees per barrel and operating costs.展开更多
pre-paid legal services is the new system to defend the high trial fees. It’s very popular in the USA. There are some benefits to their customs, and it is still a young system so it also has some weakness. I think it...pre-paid legal services is the new system to defend the high trial fees. It’s very popular in the USA. There are some benefits to their customs, and it is still a young system so it also has some weakness. I think it also can be introduces into China.展开更多
Over the last decade or so, private sector＇s financing through public-private partnerships （PPPs） has become increasingly popular as a way of procuring and maintaining public-sector infrastructure. Albania in the l...Over the last decade or so, private sector＇s financing through public-private partnerships （PPPs） has become increasingly popular as a way of procuring and maintaining public-sector infrastructure. Albania in the last few years had improved the legal frame so as to give the local authorities the right to initiate PPP projects. The local authorities have not built the expertise for such projects yet. The aim of this paper is to help the local authorities in Albania to support the building of the expertise for such projects. A financial model is used to make the required calculations for the bid at various phases of the project, although this paper is not intended to cover financial modeling in depth, the key inputs and outputs for the financial model are reviewed, including the financing costs. The model has to work within the constraints of： （I） the public authority＇s requirements for the PPP contract term and service fee profile; and （2） lenders＇ requirements for the term and payment profile of their debt.展开更多
Over the past decade,the Chinese tax authorities have been actively supporting the development of the Belt and Road Initiative,by creating a unique cross-border tax and fee service model with Chinese characteristics,w...Over the past decade,the Chinese tax authorities have been actively supporting the development of the Belt and Road Initiative,by creating a unique cross-border tax and fee service model with Chinese characteristics,which has laid a solid foundation for the establishment of the"TaxExpress"cross-border service brand.In October 2023,the State Taxation Administration of China(STA)officially launched the"TaxExpress"brand,focusing on one service matrix,two service teams,three service mechanisms,and four knowledge products.The brand aims to enhance cooperation between ministries and commissions,promote international exchanges,and establish a framework for effective cross-border tax and fee services.Moving forward,the STA will continue to leverage existing resources to support high-level opening up,by enhancing brand value,improving measures for international tax and fee services,expanding cross-border tax and fee services,strengthening professional talent teams,so as to develop a cross-border tax and fee service system that combines Chinese characteristics with international best practices.展开更多
基金Funding for this work was provided by the Major Project from the National Social Science Foundation of China through research on replacement strategies for overseas oil and gas resources based on the perspective of China’s petroleum security under the project number 11&ZD164
文摘Due to the rigorous fiscal terms and huge potential risk of risk service contracts,optimizing oil production paths is one of the main challenges in designing oilfield development plans.In this paper,an oil production path optimization model is developed to maximize economic benefits within constraints of technology factors and oil contracts.This analysis describes the effects of risk service contract terms on parameters of inputs and outputs and quantifies the relationships between production and production time,revenues,investment and costs.An oil service development and production project is illustrated in which the optimal production path under its own geological conditions and contract terms is calculated.The influences of oil price,service fees per barrel and operating costs on the optimal production have been examined by sensitivity analysis.The results show that the oil price has the largest impact on the optimal production,which is negatively related to oil price and positively related to service fees per barrel and operating costs.
文摘pre-paid legal services is the new system to defend the high trial fees. It’s very popular in the USA. There are some benefits to their customs, and it is still a young system so it also has some weakness. I think it also can be introduces into China.
文摘Over the last decade or so, private sector＇s financing through public-private partnerships （PPPs） has become increasingly popular as a way of procuring and maintaining public-sector infrastructure. Albania in the last few years had improved the legal frame so as to give the local authorities the right to initiate PPP projects. The local authorities have not built the expertise for such projects yet. The aim of this paper is to help the local authorities in Albania to support the building of the expertise for such projects. A financial model is used to make the required calculations for the bid at various phases of the project, although this paper is not intended to cover financial modeling in depth, the key inputs and outputs for the financial model are reviewed, including the financing costs. The model has to work within the constraints of： （I） the public authority＇s requirements for the PPP contract term and service fee profile; and （2） lenders＇ requirements for the term and payment profile of their debt.
文摘Over the past decade,the Chinese tax authorities have been actively supporting the development of the Belt and Road Initiative,by creating a unique cross-border tax and fee service model with Chinese characteristics,which has laid a solid foundation for the establishment of the"TaxExpress"cross-border service brand.In October 2023,the State Taxation Administration of China(STA)officially launched the"TaxExpress"brand,focusing on one service matrix,two service teams,three service mechanisms,and four knowledge products.The brand aims to enhance cooperation between ministries and commissions,promote international exchanges,and establish a framework for effective cross-border tax and fee services.Moving forward,the STA will continue to leverage existing resources to support high-level opening up,by enhancing brand value,improving measures for international tax and fee services,expanding cross-border tax and fee services,strengthening professional talent teams,so as to develop a cross-border tax and fee service system that combines Chinese characteristics with international best practices.
