Mapping ecosystem services in urban and peri-urban areas.A systematic review

Urban and peri-urban ecosystems are subjected to an intense impact.The demand for ecosystem services(ES)is higher in these areas.Nevertheless,despite the anthropogenic pressures,urban and peri-urban ecosystems supply important ES.Mapping is a crucial exercise to understand ES dynamics in these environments better.This work aims to systematically review mapping ES in urban and peri-urban areas studies,following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-alpha Methods.A total of 207 studies were selected.The results show increased work between 2011 and 2023,mainly conducted in Europe and China.Most work were developed in urban areas and did not follow an established ES classification.Most studies focused on the ES supply dimension,the regulation and maintenance section.Regarding provisioning ES,most studies focused on Cultivating terrestrial plants for nutrition,regulating and maintainin g Atmospheric composition and conditions,and for cultural ES on Physical and experiential interactions with the natural environment.Quantitative methods were mostly applied following Indicator-based(secondary data:biophysical,socio-economic)models.Very few work validated the outputs.Several studies forecasted ES,primarily based on land use changes using CA-Markov approaches.This study provides an overview of the most mapped urban and peri-urban ES globally,the areas where more studies need to be conducted,and the methods developed.

Assessment of International GNSS Service Global Ionosphere Map products over China region based on measurements from the Crustal Movement Observation Network of China

The global ionosphere maps(GIM)provided by the International GNSS Service(IGS)are extensively utilized for ionospheric morphology monitoring,scientific research,and practical application.Assessing the credibility of GIM products in data-sparse regions is of paramount importance.In this study,measurements from the Crustal Movement Observation Network of China(CMONOC)are leveraged to evaluate the suitability of IGS-GIM products over China region in 2013-2014.The indices of mean error(ME),root mean square error(RMSE),and normalized RMSE(NRMSE)are then utilized to quantify the accuracy of IGS-GIM products.Results revealed distinct local time and latitudinal dependencies in IGS-GIM errors,with substantially high errors at nighttime(NRMSE:39%)and above 40°latitude(NRMSE:49%).Seasonal differences also emerged,with larger equinoctial deviations(NRMSE:33.5%)compared with summer(20%).A preliminary analysis implied that the irregular assimilation of sparse IGS observations,compounded by China’s distinct geomagnetic topology,may manifest as error variations.These results suggest that modeling based solely on IGS-GIM observations engenders inadequate representations across China and that a thorough examination would proffer the necessary foundation for advancing regional total electron content(TEC)constructions.

Trade-Offs and Synergie Effects of Regulating Ecosystem Services along an Climatic Gradient in Slovakia

This study aims to assess the synergies and trade-offs of regulating ecosystem services. Ecosystem services are non-linearly interconnected and changes in one service can positively or negatively affect another. We evaluated ecosystem services based on biophysical indicators using an expert scoring system that determines the corresponding soil functions and is part of the existing databases available in Slovakia. This methodological combination enabled us to provide unique mapping and assessment of ecosystem services within Slovakia. Correlation analysis between individual regulating ecosystem services and climate regions, slope, texture, and altitude confirm the statistically significant influence of climate and slope in all agricultural land, arable land, and grassland ecosystems. Statistically significant synergistic effects were established between the regulation of the water regime and the regulation of soil erosion within each climate region, apart from the very warm climate region. Only in a very warm climate region was potential of regulating ecosystem services mutually beneficial for soil erosion control and soil cleaning potential (immobilization of inorganic pollutants).

Delivery Service Management System Using Google Maps for SMEs in Emerging Countries

This paper proposes a Delivery Service Management(DSM)system for Small and Medium Enterprises(SMEs)that own a delivery fleet of pickup trucks to manage Business-to-Business(B2B)delivery services.The proposed DSM system integrates four systems:Delivery Location Positioning(DLP),Delivery Route Planning(DRP),Arrival Time Prediction(ATP),and Communication and Data Sharing(CDS)systems.These systems are used to pinpoint the delivery locations of customers,plan the delivery route of each truck,predict arrival time(with an interval)at each delivery location,and communicate and share information among stakeholders,respectively.The DSM system deploys Google applications,a GPS tracking system,Google Map APIs,ATP algorithms(embedded in Excel Macros),Line,and Telegram as supporting tools.To improve the accuracy of the ATP system,three tech-niques are applied considering driver behaviors.The proposed DSM system has been implemented in a Thai SME.From the process perspective,the DSM system is a systematic procedure for end-to-end delivery services.It allows the interactions between planner-driver decisions and supporting tools.The supporting tools are simple,can be easily used with little training,and require low capital expenditure.The statistical analysis shows that the ATP algorithm with the three techniques provides high accuracy.Thus,the proposed DSM system is beneficial for practitioners to manage delivery services,especially for SMEs in emerging countries.

Establishment and application of service mapping model for proactive remanufacturing impeller

Since the complex impeller structure and the difficult remanufacturing process may easily cause advance remanufacturing or excessive use,an optimized design method of impeller and service mapping model was presented for its proactive remanufacturing with setting up to explore the best remanufacturing time point in this work.Considering a certain model of long distance pipeline compressor impeller with the Basquin equation and the design method of impeller,the mathematical relationship between the changes of structure and life of the impeller was established.And the service mapping model between the structure and life was set up and simulated by ANSYS software.Thus,the service mapping model was applied to feedback the original design for proactive remanufacturing.In this work,the best proactive remanufacturing time point of impeller was analyzed with the service mapping model,and the structural parameter values could be optimized at this time point.Meanwhile,in the results of this simulation,it proves that the impeller under this optimization performance could satisfy the impeller operating demands.Therefore,comparing with the traditional optimization design method,the remanufacturing optimized design based on the service mapping model is feasible in proactive remanufacturing for sustainable development.

QoS-oriented service composition based on mapping relation tree

Service composition is a hot and active research area in service-oriented computing which has gained great momentum. An quality of service (QoS) oriented and tree-based approach was proposed to implement service composition efficiently. Firstly, service descriptions were transformed to mapping relations which denote the association between input and output concepts. Then, the service composition problems were resolved by building mapping relation tree dynamically based on the divide and conquer method, and all mapping relation trees were combined without redundant branch to obtain the composition scheme. Finally, the optimal composition scheme was chosen based on quality of service attributes including the preference of service request. Experiment results illustrate that this method can improve the composition efficiency and reduce the searching time by increasing the number of services in repository.

Bridging mapping and simulation modelling in the ecosystem service assessments of boreal forests:effects of bioenergy production on carbon dynamics

Background:Increasing the use of forest harvest residues for bioenergy production reduces greenhouse emissions from the use of fossil fuels.However,it may also reduce carbon stocks and habitats for deadwood dependent species.Consequently,simple tools for assessing the trade-offs of alternative management practices on forest dynamics and their services to people are needed.The objectives of this study were to combine mapping and simulation modelling to investigate the effects of forest management on ecosystem services related to carbon cycle in the case of bioenergy production;and to evaluate the suitability of this approach for assessing ecosystem services at the landscape level.Stand level simulations of forest growth and carbon budget were combined with extensive multi-source forest inventory data across a southern boreal landscape in Finland.Stochastic changes in the stand age class distribution over the study region were simulated to mimic variation in management regimes.Results:The mapping framework produced reasonable estimates of the effects of forest management on a set of key ecosystem service indicators:the annual carbon stocks and fluxes of forest biomass and soil,timber and energy-wood production and the coarse woody litter production over a simulation period 2012–2100.Regular harvesting,affecting the stand age class distribution,was a key driver of the carbon stock changes at a landscape level.Extracting forest harvest residues in the final felling caused carbon loss from litter and soil,particularly with combined aboveground residue and stump harvesting.It also reduced the annual coarse woody litter production,demonstrating negative impacts on deadwood abundance and,consequently,forest biodiversity.Conclusions:The refined mapping framework was suitable for assessing ecosystem services at the landscape level.The procedure contributes to bridging the gap between ecosystem service mapping and detailed simulation modelling in boreal forests.It allows for visualizing ecosystem services as fine resolution maps to support sustainable land use planning.In the future,more detailed models and a wider variety of ecosystem service indicators could be added to develop the method.

Effectiveness of the Service Mapping Method in Re-designing the Bariatric Surgery Clinical Pathway of a Public Hospital

Background： Nowadays obesity is the world＇s common disease. Bariatric surgery is the only therapy that providessignificant cost savings within Public Health Service, but the lack of diagnostic paths universally accepted causes enormous waste ofresources and disruptions. Service Mapping is the ideal methodology to describe work＇s organization and to plan a new service model.Methods： The Service Mapping has been used to represent the actual state of the bariatric surgery service and starting from the criticalaspects found, we have developed a desirable state of the service. Results： Experience-based design has given centrality to thebeneficiary, making the bariatric service sensitive to patient＇s needs and expectations. The micro-organization of work has improvedprofessionals＇ integration, avoiding the creation of new operational entities or additional costs. The service has been simplified both forclinicians and hospital managers. The strategic repositioning of the dietician and general practitioner＇s recognition within the bariatricpath allowed us to achieve better clinical outcomes. Conclusions： Service Mapping has highlighted clinicians＇ difficulties in providingthe service, emphasizing the importance of the beneficiary. The iconic representation is a powerful explicit framework, fundamental formanagement purposes, to understand the role of every subject involved in the service, to rationalize work＇s organization, and integratehealthcare activities.

手持移动设备位置服务中的WAP Map Service实现策略

介绍了在无线应用环境下的位置信息服务中需要解决的问题,并针对该问题提出了一个使用瘦客户模型的基于WAP协议的无线地图服务实现策略。

Implementation of OGC Web Map Service Based on Web Service

OGC Web Map Service is one kind of OGC Portrayal Services belongs to OGC Web Service model and it provides multi\|platform interoperability of spatial data set. This paper presents a method for implementing OGC Web Map Service based on Web Service technique and introduces the detailed process.

An OGC standard-oriented architecture for distributed coal mine map services

GIS- or CAD-based technology has been widely used for cartographic maps in coal mines, but structural gaps between such maps make it difficult to provide an integrated map service, for any specific purpose, at higher levels. There is no uniform platform that can be used to manage all involved maps. The main reason for this is that datasets are submitted by individual coal mines using their individual, diverse software. No consistent model is used within the software for data abstraction and symbolization. This paper first reviews all the essential specifications concerning OGC (Open Geospatial Consortium) interoperability. Then an OGC standard-oriented architecture is proposed to provide distributed coal mine map services. Within this new architecture the management of spatial data archives, and the integration of coal mine maps, are achieved through the interfaces of geospatial services. Finally an open source geospatial approach is suggested to implement the proposed scheme. A case study of the Huaibei Coal Group is used to demonstrate the proposal.

A New Generation of Intelligent Mapping and Remote Sensing Scientific Test Satellite Luojia-301

With the continuous improvement of the performance and the increasing variety of optical mapping and remote sensing satellites,they have become an important support for obtaining global accurate surveying and mapping remote sensing information.At present,optical mapping and remote sensing satellites already have sub-meter spatial resolution capabilities,but there is a serious lag problem in mapping and remote sensing information services.It is urgent to develop intelligent mapping and remote sensing satellites to promote the transformation and upgrading to real-time intelligent services.Firstly,based on the three imaging systems of the optical mapping and remote sensing satellites and their realization methods and application characteristics,this paper analyzes the applicable system of the intelligent mapping and remote sensing satellites.Further,according to the application requirements of real-time,intelligence,and popularization,puts forward the design concept of integrated intelligent remote sensing satellite integrating communication,navigation,and remote sensing and focuses on the service mode and integrated function composition of intelligent remote sensing satellite.Then expounds on the performance and characteristics of the Luojia-301 satellite,a new generation of intelligent surveying and mapping remote sensing scientific test satellite.And finally summarizes and prospects the development and mission of intelligent mapping remote sensing satellites.Luojia-301 satellite integrates remote sensing and communication functions.It explores an efficient and intelligent service mode of mapping and remote sensing information from data acquisition to the application terminal and provides a real service verification platform for on-orbit processing and real-time transmission of remote sensing data based on space-ground internet,which is of great significance to the construction of China’s spatial information network.

Mobile Spatial Information Service Based on Intelligent Map Agent

This paper analyzes the existing spatial structure of mobile information services and the current new characteristics of the service, proposes a new service model. The model adopts a unified deployment solution of spatial data. It extends the spatial data management and lightweight computing to the embedded computing devices, and enhanced the service flexibility and scalability. The design of mobile side achieves the integration of spatial data management, mobile computing and wireless communication, and it can meet the various needs of spatial information mobile services. The paper introduces the composition of the new model and the key contents, and pointing out that this model is the inevitable trend of spatial information mobile services.

IEC61850的Web Services映射及实现

将IEC61850应用于配电自动化,可以有效地解决配电终端的即插即用问题。为了解决IEC61850在配电自动化中信息模型和数据的传输问题,研究了IEC61850的Web Services映射,分析了Web Services技术的应用,提出映射实现方案。采用gSoap工具包,通过C语言编程完成了IEC61850的Web Services映射,实现了配电终端与管理机之间的Web通信。试验验证该映射方法能够满足配电自动化的要求。

Web Service在企业集成中的安全应用

随着企业应用的需求越来越复杂,在复杂的企业环境下处理基于SOAP消息的安全信息是需要解决的实际问题。具体分析Web服务(Web Service)在企业环境下的安全机制,以及这种方式下如何安全处理SOAP消息。以一个税务部门信息服务平台为例分析了采用安全的Web Service的企业应用集成方案,实践证明此方式可以达到比较好的安全性能要求。

基于Web Services的长江航道测绘资料管理系统设计与开发

针对测绘资料种类繁多、数据量大、地域范围广、跨业务部门多等特点,利用Web Services技术,构建基于B/S三层架构的《长江航道测绘成果资料管理系统》,实现了对长江航道测绘资料的统一管理和维护,解决了数据分发和共享问题。系统的成功运行,证实了Web Services技术的优越性,为长江航道测绘资料管理提供了强大的技术支撑。

基于Web Services的语义异构数据集成设计与实现

高校在信息化建设过程中积累了大量异构、异质的数据源,如何将这些异构数据源中相关的数据资源进行有效整合是当前急需解决的问题。为此,提出了一种新的基于Web Services的异构数据集成解决方案,利用Web Services技术在异构数据集成中的优势,采用虚拟数据库法设计思想,通过设计领域字典表及字段映射表,有效地解决了异构数据集成中最难解决的语义异构问题,并从数据模型转换、全局查询等方面阐述了该方案的可行性。实验结果表明,该方案具有可用性和高效性。

基于Web Service的生物学实体映射数据库

生物学实体映射就是要实现对基因、蛋白质、小分子物质、化合物和药物等实体的不同标识符和名称之间的相互转换。生物学实体映射可以帮助生物医学研究者将实验结果关联到海量的在线生物医学数据资源,并为生物医学文本挖掘和信息检索的研究者在命名实体识别和查询关键词扩展方面提供技术支持。构建一个生物学实体映射数据库,其中存储了大量的生物学实体映射信息;还构建一个基于Web Service的生物学实体映射网络应用系统,为用户同时提供通过浏览器和通过Web Service的两种方式访问生物学实体映射数据库。

基于Web Services的数字测绘档案管理系统

介绍W eb Services技术,以及上海市测绘院以web Services为基础研建的数字测绘档案管理系统。探讨了测绘档案信息化,网络化,多部门联合立卷、信息共享等一些问题。

一种基于TTCN-3的Web Service测试方法

Web Service测试成为当前软件测试的研究热点,TTCN-3是ETSI专门为测试领域制定的通用测试语言,在很多领域以及不同的软件开发阶段都有运用。使用Axis2将WSDL文件中的内容映射到Java类中,再将Java类代表的数据结构和操作按照相应规则映射到TTCN-3中,映射得到结构清晰合理的数据类型,即可有效地对Web Service进行测试,并只需进行少量更改即可应用到对其他Web Service的测试中,大大减轻测试人员的工作量,提高测试效率。