The objective is to develop an approach for the determination of the target reliability index for serviceability limit state(SLS) of single piles. This contributes to conducting the SLS reliability-based design(RBD) o...The objective is to develop an approach for the determination of the target reliability index for serviceability limit state(SLS) of single piles. This contributes to conducting the SLS reliability-based design(RBD) of piles. Based on a two-parameter,hyperbolic curve-fitting equation describing the load-settlement relation of piles, the SLS model factor is defined. Then, taking into account the uncertainties of load-settlement model, load and bearing capacity of piles, the formula for computing the SLS reliability index(βsls) is obtained using the mean value first order second moment(MVFOSM) method. Meanwhile, the limit state function for conducting the SLS reliability analysis by the Monte Carlo simulation(MCS) method is established. These two methods are finally applied to determine the SLS target reliability index. Herein, the limiting tolerable settlement(slt) is treated as a random variable. For illustration, four load test databases from South Africa are compiled again to conduct reliability analysis and present the recommended target reliability indices. The results indicate that the MVFOSM method overestimates βsls compared to that computed by the MCS method. Besides, both factor of safety(FS) and slt are key factors influencing βsls, so the combination of FS and βsls is welcome to be used for the SLS reliability analysis of piles when slt is determined. For smaller slt, pile types and soils conditions have significant influence on the SLS target reliability indices; for larger slt, slt is the major factor having influence on the SLS target reliability indices. This proves that slt is the most key parameter for the determination of the SLS target reliability index.展开更多
A better cost-performance of the terminals will lead to faster development of the 3G services. Poor R&D of the terminals may pose the bottleneck of the 3G development and the short supplies of terminals will have ...A better cost-performance of the terminals will lead to faster development of the 3G services. Poor R&D of the terminals may pose the bottleneck of the 3G development and the short supplies of terminals will have a negative effect on the service popularity. Diverse user groups will require personalized terminals. The terminal R&D should consider interoperability to guarantee smooth evolution from 2G to 3G.Therefore, 3G terminals will play a critical role in 3G deployment and deserve serious research and analysis.展开更多
Three days after being absent from work without permission, Lou Jiying, a female doctor in southwest China’s Chongqing Municipality, was classed as being AWOL. In fact, her employer officially listed her as "vol...Three days after being absent from work without permission, Lou Jiying, a female doctor in southwest China’s Chongqing Municipality, was classed as being AWOL. In fact, her employer officially listed her as "voluntarily quittingjob."展开更多
基金Projects(51278216,51308241)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2013BS010)supported by the Funds of Henan University of Technology for High-level Talents,China
文摘The objective is to develop an approach for the determination of the target reliability index for serviceability limit state(SLS) of single piles. This contributes to conducting the SLS reliability-based design(RBD) of piles. Based on a two-parameter,hyperbolic curve-fitting equation describing the load-settlement relation of piles, the SLS model factor is defined. Then, taking into account the uncertainties of load-settlement model, load and bearing capacity of piles, the formula for computing the SLS reliability index(βsls) is obtained using the mean value first order second moment(MVFOSM) method. Meanwhile, the limit state function for conducting the SLS reliability analysis by the Monte Carlo simulation(MCS) method is established. These two methods are finally applied to determine the SLS target reliability index. Herein, the limiting tolerable settlement(slt) is treated as a random variable. For illustration, four load test databases from South Africa are compiled again to conduct reliability analysis and present the recommended target reliability indices. The results indicate that the MVFOSM method overestimates βsls compared to that computed by the MCS method. Besides, both factor of safety(FS) and slt are key factors influencing βsls, so the combination of FS and βsls is welcome to be used for the SLS reliability analysis of piles when slt is determined. For smaller slt, pile types and soils conditions have significant influence on the SLS target reliability indices; for larger slt, slt is the major factor having influence on the SLS target reliability indices. This proves that slt is the most key parameter for the determination of the SLS target reliability index.
文摘A better cost-performance of the terminals will lead to faster development of the 3G services. Poor R&D of the terminals may pose the bottleneck of the 3G development and the short supplies of terminals will have a negative effect on the service popularity. Diverse user groups will require personalized terminals. The terminal R&D should consider interoperability to guarantee smooth evolution from 2G to 3G.Therefore, 3G terminals will play a critical role in 3G deployment and deserve serious research and analysis.
文摘Three days after being absent from work without permission, Lou Jiying, a female doctor in southwest China’s Chongqing Municipality, was classed as being AWOL. In fact, her employer officially listed her as "voluntarily quittingjob."
