Study on Construction of Service-oriented Government at Grass-roots Level and Development of Farmers' Professional Cooperatives

Features of farmers' professional cooperatives in China are introduced.The establishment of these organizations is spontaneous.Their operation shows self-government.And their targets are highly pertinent.Then,I analyze the existing problems in farmers' professional cooperatives and vacancy of government functions.These cooperatives are single in content,narrow in service field,not scientific in management mode,and low in efficiency.In addition,government policy support is not put in place for these cooperatives.In view of these situations,firstly,it is proposed to speed up construction of service-oriented government at grass-roots level and promote development of farmers' professional cooperatives.Secondly,it is suggested to set up awareness of service-oriented government and enhance guidance and service for farmers' professional cooperatives.Thirdly,we should increase financial support and guide these organizations to achieve a benign development.Fourthly,we should strengthen propaganda to raise popularity and influence power of these organizations.Fifthly,it is recommended to make clear the guidance and leading functions of regional supply and marketing cooperatives to raise service efficiency.Finally,we should establish scientific evaluation and incentive system to push forward healthy development of farmers' professional cooperatives.

Government-oriented Land Circulation from the Perspective of Social Governance

This paper firstly summed up institutional change of land circulation after the foundation of new China,analyzed main characteristics and internal drawbacks of government-oriented land circulation,discussed the governance cost of local government-oriented land circulation,and evaluated the governance performance on the basis of the transaction cost theory. Results show that local government-oriented land circulation is a resource allocation mode for maximizing benefits of an organization,and its microscopic functions and values are mainly encouragement and restriction,while its macroscopic functions are comprehensive administration of results of state policies. Finally,it put forward policy suggestions for improving local government-oriented land circulation: cultivating diversified rural land circulation modes and regulating acts of local officials; stressing that building harmonious land circulation mechanism is the responsibility of central government; setting up recognition mechanism of the public to local government.

Research on the Policy Orientation of Government in Agricultural Industrialization Development

Governmental functions in agricultural industrialization management are analyzed, mainly including supplying public products, providing property right security, managing and protecting resources and environment as well as stabilizing the agro-product market. The policy orientation promoted by the government in agricultural industrialization management is pointed out: formulating a series of macro-management planning to guide and regulate agricultural industrialization operation; fully playing the comprehensive coordinating role of "economic manager"; making and carrying out relevant laws and regulations to normalize the implementation of agricultural industrialization management. To implement the industrial management of agriculture and promote the construction of new countryside, governments at all levels should eliminate the institutional barriers, transform governmental functions gradually and prioritize planning, regulation, service and supervision, changing from merely management to playing the role of market mechanism. Meanwhile, economic, legal and administrative means should be properly adopted to advance the industrial management and the healthy improvement of modern agriculture.

Peasant Household Oriented Land Circulation from the Perspective of State Governance

Based on the state governance background of peasant household oriented land circulation,I analyzed characteristics of peasant household oriented land circulation.The characteristics mainly include uncertain definition of rural land circulation,significant off-media feature of land circulation,long-term land circulation contract,farmers' preference of peasant household oriented land circulation,and progressive path of land circulation.The essential feature is the progressive mode of land circulation.Under the existing property right,it realizes the perfect combination of modern production factors and traditional agricultural,and the combination of traditional family safeguarding function and modern social mutual growth spirit.Thus,it shows relative independence and manifests the idea of common prosperity.The opportunity cost of peasant household oriented land circulation is minimal,institutional cost will increase circulation risk,and what's more,the cost for state governance of peasant household oriented land circulation is minimal.It comes to conclusion that building proper and harmonious land circulation mechanism is responsibility of central government and favorable for healthy development of peasant household oriented land circulation.

On the Government Function Orientation in China's Agricultural Management Reform

Since the reform and opening up,China's market-oriented agricultural management reform has achieved remarkable results,but the reform has not yet been put in place,and there are some flaws in some areas of reform.To deepen the reform of government's agricultural management reform under the new situation,it is necessary to further define the boundary between government and market on the basis of following the general rules of world's agricultural development and considering China's special situation of agriculture,nail down the scope of government functions,pinpoint the key areas of reform,and actively promote the rapid development of China's characteristic modern agriculture.

Orientation of Government's Role in Building the Technology System of Circular Agriculture

This article expounds the economic characteristics of circular agricultural technology.Since the circular agricultural technology has characteristics and externality of public goods,the government participation is necessary in building the technology system of circular agriculture,in order to avoid "free rider" behavior in the consumption of public goods and internalize externality.We analyze the orientation of government's role in building the technology system of circular agriculture:the government is the leader,designer,organizer and regulator in building the technology system of circular agriculture;the government orientates the four roles precisely in building the technology system of circular agriculture,to ensure that they do not cross the line,but be indispensable all the while.

“项目进村”对村庄治理机制的重构

“项目进村”是实现乡村产业振兴与集体经济可持续发展的关键,基于交易成本理论和治理机制的协同效应理论,结合安徽省YQ乡的案例分析,解读“项目进村”何以成功,并分析生产型治理对乡村治理机制的重构。研究发现:生产型治理通过发挥科层机制与合约机制的协同效应,能够降低项目的交易成本,实现“项目进村”;当合约机制的交易成本更低时,就会引致对科层机制的替代,但是当交易的非市场化程度较高时,就会不可避免地选择科层机制。科层机制是村庄“有项目”的基础,而合约机制的嵌入能够避免科层机制治理目标的异化,使得进村项目“得以落地”;合约机制是项目内生性嵌入村庄的过程,而通过与科层机制间的协同,能够避免合约机制治理能力的弱化,使得落地项目“得以持续”;通过生产型治理,可以从治理主体、产权结构、分配结构等方面打通乡村治理的关键痛点,为“项目进村”打下坚实的治理基础。

基层治理中的“干部干、群众看”

在近年的基层政府公共服务实践中,“干部干、群众看”的现象普遍存在。这一现象的产生主要源于我国“为人民服务”的政府服务理念正在被“为顾客服务”的市场服务理念所替代,从而使原本“官民共治”的基层公共服务模式转换成了市场化服务模式。在我国“为人民服务”的理念中,“人民”从来都不是单一的个体,更不是顾客。“为人民服务”是为大多数人的共同利益服务,而不是为市场上差异化的个体利益服务。因此,以顾客为导向的西方公共管理理论在我国服务型政府构建中未必具有指导的适用性。立足于我国传统和现代的国家与社会关系,从为人民服务、党群关系、干群关系等中国式现代化的实践话语和经验中对服务型政府进行本土化重构是可行之道。

平台经济助力乡村振兴的基本逻辑、困境审视及实现路径

数字时代,平台经济逐渐融入“三农”领域。平台经济助力乡村振兴,体现了生产力与生产关系之间的互动,呈现了为农民创造自主、多样的发展机遇,指出了通向共同富裕目标的一种策略。通过分析平台经济助力乡村振兴的理论逻辑、历史演进和现实路径,指出在这推进过程中面临农民总体收入水平不高、农民对平台文化容纳度不够、乡村数字化人才储备不足、农民数字化生态建设意识薄弱、农民自治借助平台动力不足等问题,认为在精准理解平台经济与乡村振兴关系的基础上,以主体性振兴为视角,在乡村产业升级、乡村文化传承、乡村人才培育、乡村生态保护、乡村组织治理等层面提出对策建议,充分发挥农民在平台经济助力乡村振兴过程中的主观能动性。

工业园区生态环境导向开发(EOD)模式实现路径研究——以山东省滨州市为例

随着黄河流域国家战路的实施,滨州工业园区作为沿黄重点工业园区,承担着黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展的重要任务,迎来了千载难逢的重要发展机遇,但同时面临诸多问题:一是水资源匮之,水生态环境治理困难突出;二是财政资金压力大,流域治理总体投人不足、投融资渠道不畅等问题;三是生态治理项目投资回报机制不健全,造血能力不足,可持续发展运营困难。为了解决这些难题,滨州工业园区探索实施生态环境导向开发(EOD)模式,促进园区绿色融合发展。

任务型党组织:地方跨界治理的整合机制——以H省N市全域党建的地方实践为例

作为治理跨界事务的创新载体,任务型党组织旨在通过党的跨域建设来强化权威整合,前提是跨域吸纳,目标是有效行动。既不同于西方“政治—行政”二分和韦伯的科层制理论,也不同于议事协调小组、领导小组等“高位推动”的运作机制,任务型党组织既强调党组织的全域覆盖,又强调党建工作内容的全覆盖,形成组织嵌入机制、合作网络机制、融合党建机制和任务认领机制四种跨界事务治理的整合机制。地方实践对这一组织模式进行了丰富探索,旨在克服体制性壁垒,打破“碎片化”效应;克服物理性壁垒,打破“边际化”效应。结合地方实践,提出“组织吸纳—权威整合—主体行动”的分析框架:通过吸纳性制度构建实现跨界吸纳,提升组织的吸纳力;通过跨域党建实现跨界整合,提升权威的整合力;通过激励赋能实现跨界协同,提升主体的行动力。

档案数据治理概念研究进展与演进逻辑

深入开展档案数据治理研究,成为近几年档案学术研究的热点话题之一。对这一学术概念的产生和演进过程进行梳理,有利于厘清该领域学术研究的路径和逻辑,为今后在档案数据治理的理论研究和实践开展提供思路与方向。文章梳理了学界对档案数据治理概念的认知,并在此基础上重新思考,认为档案数据治理概念是档案学研究管理与技术取向双向建构产生的新概念,今后除了现有的档案数据治理研究内容以外,还要增强档案数据技术治理相关研究。

审视与定位:后冬奥时期我国滑雪产业高质量发展中的政府角色

政府角色的合理定位对滑雪产业高质量发展具有重要的推动与保障作用。通过文献资料、实地调研和访谈等研究方法对后冬奥时期滑雪产业高质量发展的内在表征及政府失灵的外在表现进行深入分析,审视滑雪产业发展中政府角色定位的实践特征,进而明确政府的应然角色。研究发现:后冬奥时期滑雪产业市场主体、市场环境和现代化治理之间有效协同才能实现滑雪产业的高质量发展,然而政府治理滑雪产业高质量发展过程中却存在角色缺位、错位、越位的风险。结合滑雪产业具有资源依赖性特征明显,产业容错率低;兼具商品属性和公益属性,具有正负外部性;属于重资产投资项目,受投融资政策影响;滑雪市场主体多元化,市场机制尚不健全等实践特征。后冬奥时期,政府应该扮演规划者、监督者、保障者和协调者等应然角色,不断优化政府行为,进而实现滑雪产业的高质量发展。

在老龄社会视域下推进全面的适老化治理

人口负增长与深度老龄化交叠并相互强化将贯穿于整个21世纪,深度老龄社会成为中国基本社会形态。既有的经济社会体系越来越难以适应老龄社会,迫切需要一场多维度、深层次、长时期和全面性的适老化治理。与世界老龄社会先行国家相比,中国式现代化的适老化治理面临老年人口规模巨大、劳动力老化和人力资源不适配等人口基础挑战;制度建设、政策制定、实践资金支持等社会架构挑战;高龄老人养老、数字社会治理、人工智能伦理等风险防范挑战。适老化改革亟需树立老龄社会主流化理念,将适老化治理融入国家战略体系框架,从思想适老化、兼顾硬件和软件改造、推动覆盖全域等层面全面推进治理体系和治理能力现代化。