The purpose of this paper was to study the effects of different C/N ratios on the maturity and microbial quantity of com-posting with sesame meal and rice straw biochar.Rice straw was calcined into biochar as raw mate...The purpose of this paper was to study the effects of different C/N ratios on the maturity and microbial quantity of com-posting with sesame meal and rice straw biochar.Rice straw was calcined into biochar as raw materials composting with sesame meal for 30 days,referring to Chenfu Agricultural Book in Sōuthern Song Dynasty(1127-1279 A.D.).Sesame meal was used to adjust the C/N ratio of compost,and three treatments were designed in the experiment,which were C/N ratios of 15,20 and 30,respectively.The results showed that C/N ratio of 20 was beneficial for promoting the temperature rise,the removal of water,the degradation of organic carbon,and the decrease of microbial quantity.The C/N ratio of 20 was beneficial to the compost maturity(T value was 0.47,final GI was 99.67%).The results of Pearson correlation analysis showed that C/N ratio was positively correlated with moisture content,total organic carbon and negatively correlated with germination index,indicating that high C/N ratio was beneficial to water removal and total organic carbon degradation.Therefore,we suggest that the suitable C/N ratio of rice straw biochar and sesame meal is 20.At the same time,we have proved that the composting method in Southern Song Dynasty is feasible,which is of great significance to understand the development of composting in China.展开更多
Current research emphasis has been on the reduction of feed cost by incorporating processed sesame seed meal in the diet of tilapia. Raw sesame(Sesamum indicum) seed was soaked and subjected to either autoclaving or f...Current research emphasis has been on the reduction of feed cost by incorporating processed sesame seed meal in the diet of tilapia. Raw sesame(Sesamum indicum) seed was soaked and subjected to either autoclaving or fermentation, after which their oil contents were mechanically extracted. Graded levels of autoclaved(71.2,165,5 and 296.3 g/kg designated as diets 1, 2 and 3, respectively) and fermented(71.0,164.3 and 292,2 g/kg designated as diets 4, 5 and 6, respectively) sesame seed meal were included into fishmeal based diets for Til-aqua natural male tilapia(NMT) fry(initial weight,1.69 ± 0.02 g), A diet without sesame seed meal served as the control. Diets were approximately iso-nitrogenous(35% crude protein). Fish were fed 5 times their maintenance requirement, which was 3.2 x 5 x [fish weight(g)/1,000]^(0.8) daily for 56 days. Processing improved the nutritional profile of raw sesame seed meal in terms of its crude protein and antinutrient compositions. Growth performance of fish was similar(P> 0.05) in the control and dietary treatments. The group fed diet 3 exhibited significantly poorer feed conversion ratio(1.14), protein efficiency ratio(2.77) and economic conversion ratio(US$1.38/kg) relative to the group that received diet 5. Apparent digestibility coefficients for protein, lipid and energy in diet 3 were similar(P > 0.05) to those in diet 6 but significantly lower(P < 0.05) than those of the control and other dietary groups. The sesame seed meals processed with different methods did not significantly affect crude protein, crude lipid and gross energy compositions in the fish carcass. The study demonstrated that71.2 g/kg of autoclaved and 164.3 g/kg of fermented sesame seed meal could be incorporated in the diet of Til-aqua NMT with cost benefit.展开更多
基金The project was financially supported by the National key research and development plan“The technology of agricultural waste composting and the research of integrated equipment for composting”(2016YFD0800600).
文摘The purpose of this paper was to study the effects of different C/N ratios on the maturity and microbial quantity of com-posting with sesame meal and rice straw biochar.Rice straw was calcined into biochar as raw materials composting with sesame meal for 30 days,referring to Chenfu Agricultural Book in Sōuthern Song Dynasty(1127-1279 A.D.).Sesame meal was used to adjust the C/N ratio of compost,and three treatments were designed in the experiment,which were C/N ratios of 15,20 and 30,respectively.The results showed that C/N ratio of 20 was beneficial for promoting the temperature rise,the removal of water,the degradation of organic carbon,and the decrease of microbial quantity.The C/N ratio of 20 was beneficial to the compost maturity(T value was 0.47,final GI was 99.67%).The results of Pearson correlation analysis showed that C/N ratio was positively correlated with moisture content,total organic carbon and negatively correlated with germination index,indicating that high C/N ratio was beneficial to water removal and total organic carbon degradation.Therefore,we suggest that the suitable C/N ratio of rice straw biochar and sesame meal is 20.At the same time,we have proved that the composting method in Southern Song Dynasty is feasible,which is of great significance to understand the development of composting in China.
文摘Current research emphasis has been on the reduction of feed cost by incorporating processed sesame seed meal in the diet of tilapia. Raw sesame(Sesamum indicum) seed was soaked and subjected to either autoclaving or fermentation, after which their oil contents were mechanically extracted. Graded levels of autoclaved(71.2,165,5 and 296.3 g/kg designated as diets 1, 2 and 3, respectively) and fermented(71.0,164.3 and 292,2 g/kg designated as diets 4, 5 and 6, respectively) sesame seed meal were included into fishmeal based diets for Til-aqua natural male tilapia(NMT) fry(initial weight,1.69 ± 0.02 g), A diet without sesame seed meal served as the control. Diets were approximately iso-nitrogenous(35% crude protein). Fish were fed 5 times their maintenance requirement, which was 3.2 x 5 x [fish weight(g)/1,000]^(0.8) daily for 56 days. Processing improved the nutritional profile of raw sesame seed meal in terms of its crude protein and antinutrient compositions. Growth performance of fish was similar(P> 0.05) in the control and dietary treatments. The group fed diet 3 exhibited significantly poorer feed conversion ratio(1.14), protein efficiency ratio(2.77) and economic conversion ratio(US$1.38/kg) relative to the group that received diet 5. Apparent digestibility coefficients for protein, lipid and energy in diet 3 were similar(P > 0.05) to those in diet 6 but significantly lower(P < 0.05) than those of the control and other dietary groups. The sesame seed meals processed with different methods did not significantly affect crude protein, crude lipid and gross energy compositions in the fish carcass. The study demonstrated that71.2 g/kg of autoclaved and 164.3 g/kg of fermented sesame seed meal could be incorporated in the diet of Til-aqua NMT with cost benefit.
