Development of setal patterns in embryonic and adult aphids of the Hormaphidinae （Hemiptera： Aphididae）

The elementary traits and diversity of embryonic setal patterns of 31 species of 22 genera, in three tribes of Hormaphidinae are studied. The embryonic setal patterns to every species are provided. Based on the parsimony principle and the developmental principle, these patterns are analyzed in each tribe following the terminology of Richards （1965）. It is suggested that the setal patterns of abdominal tergites are the most important characters in embryonic and adult setal patterns. In conclusion, neoteny is a phylogenetic trend in the Hormaphidinae. Nipponaphidini and Hormaphidini have more typical neoteny in each genus and more diversity in different types of adult viviparous females than Cerataphidini, by showing more frequent and various protopatterns or mesopatterns.

斑蚜科属间胚胎及成蚜毛序的演变(同翅目,蚜总科)

基于世界斑蚜科 13亚科 90属 2 0 0种的资料 ,描述了胚胎毛序的基本类型和多样性。斑蚜科毛序的基本类型可分为 3类 ,即胚胎和一龄若蚜所具有的原毛序 ,第 2龄若蚜和部分第 3龄若蚜具有的中毛序 ,以及部分第 3龄若蚜、第 4龄若蚜和成蚜所具有的后毛序。结合成蚜及不同龄期若蚜的毛序 ,系统分析了斑蚜科各亚科毛序演变的规律 ,认为大部分亚科的成蚜毛序基本保留原毛序的状态 ,个别类群具有典型的中毛序或后毛序 ;而且部分类群成蚜的原毛序在胚胎毛序的基础上 ,腹部背片Ⅲ、Ⅴ、Ⅶ的中毛发生侧向位移。

压力容器及压力管道盲板强度校核及检验分析

鉴于现有标准对压力容器及压力管道盲板的设计、制造、安装、检验均无具体明确的规定,本文章结合压力容器、压力管道和金属监督规程等标准,从盲板的选材、强度校核、坡口形式、焊接工艺及热处理工艺、焊接质量、无损检验、在役机组盲板及焊缝的监督管理和安全评估等几个方面进行了详细阐述,旨在提供压力容器及管道盲板的设计和监督检验依据,减少由于盲板焊缝失效造成的事故发生。