Structure and production fluid flow pattern of post-fracturing high-rank coal reservoir in Southern Qinshui Basin

Field geological work, field engineering monitoring, laboratory experiments and numerical simulation were used to study the development characteristics of pore-fracture system and hydraulic fracture of No.3 coal reservoir in Southern Qinshui Basin. Flow patterns of methane and water in pore-fracture system and hydraulic fracture were discussed by using limit method and average method. Based on the structure model and flow pattern of post-fracturing high-rank coal reservoir, flow patterns of methane and water were established. Results show that seepage pattern of methane in pore-fracture system is linked with pore diameter, fracture width, coal bed pressure and flow velocity. While in hydraulic fracture, it is controlled by fracture height, pressure and flow velocity. Seepage pattern of water in pore-fracture system is linked with pore diameter, fracture width and flow velocity. While in hydraulic fracture, it is controlled by fracture height and flow velocity. Pores and fractures in different sizes are linked up by ultramicroscopic fissures, micro-fissures and hydraulic fracture. In post-fracturing high-rank coal reservoir, methane has level-three flow and gets through triple medium to the wellbore; and water passes mainly through double medium to the wellbore which is level-two flow.

TOPOLOGY AND VORTEX STRUCTURES OF A CURVING TURBINE CASCADE WITH TIP CLEARANCE (Ⅱ)- TOPOLOGICAL FLOW PATTERN AND VORTEX STRUCTURE IN THE TRANSVERSE SECTION OF A BLADE CASCADE

By means of ink trace visualization of the flows in conventional straight, positively curved and negatively curved cascades with tip clearance, and measurement of the aerodynamic parameters in transverse section, and by appling topology theory, the topological structures and vortex structure in the transverse section of a blade cascade were analyzed. Compared with conventional straight cascade, blade positive curving eliminates the separation line of the upper passage vortex, and leads the secondary vortex to change from close separation to open separation, while blade negative curving effects merely the positions of singular points and the intensities and scales of vortex.

Numerical Analysis of the Effects of Periodic Gust Flow on the Wake Structure of Ventilated Supercavities

A computational model is established to investigate the effects of a periodic gust flow on the wake structure of ventilated supercavities.The effectiveness of the computational model is validated by comparing with available experimental data.Benefited from this numerical model,the vertical velocity characteristics in the entire flow field can be easily monitored and analyzed under the action of a gust generator;further,the unsteady evolution of the flow parameters of the closed region of the supercavity can be captured in any location.To avoid the adverse effects of mounting struts in the experiments and to obtain more realistic results,the wake structure of a ventilated supercavity without mounting struts is investigated.Unsteady changes in the wake morphology and vorticity distribution pattern of the ventilated supercavity are determined.The results demonstrate that the periodic swing of the gust generator can generate a gust flow and,therefore,generate a periodic variation of the ventilated cavitation numberσ.At the peakσ,a re-entrant jet closure appears in the wake of the ventilated supercavity.At the valleyσ,a twin-vortex closure appears in the wake of the ventilated supercavity.For the forward facing model,the twin vortex appears as a pair of centrally rolled-up vortices,due to the closure of vortex is affected by the structure.For the backward facing model,however,the twin vortex appears alternately as a pair of centrally rolled-up vortices and a pair of centrally rolled-down vortices,against the periodic gust flow.

Near-wall topological patterns and flow structures over a simplified Danaus plexippus model

Studies on the high-lift mechanisms of butterfly gliding flights shed light on the design of the micro air vehicles.The flow field around a simplified Danaus plexippus model is investigated using the hydrogen bubble visualization and the Particle Image Velocimetry(PIV)techniques.There are three near-wall topological patterns with different Angles of Attack(AoAs):the separation bubble,the Leading-Edge Vortex(LEV)and the high Ao As flow.For the separation bubble pattern,two saddles and two foci form in the middle of the model.The features of the LEV pattern are the leading-edge separation lines.The topological characteristics of the separation lines are changed by the interaction between the LEV and the Wing-Tip Vortex(WTV).For the high Ao As flow pattern,four unstable foci are found at the forewing and the hindwing respectively.The angle between the trajectory of the WTV and the model increases with increasing Ao A even though the slope of the WTV angle versus Ao A curve declines at the moderate AoAs.

EFFECT OF LOCAL BASIC FLOW STRUCTURE PATTERN IN FORMATION OF BLOCKING HIGHS

The effect of local basic flow structure pattern(BFSP)on a blocking high formation is investigated within the framework of forced dissipation KDV dynamics.The zonal and meridional positions of the high's center excited by a heat source depend on the BFSP selected.

Experimental Investigation of Heat Transfer in Microchannel with Inlet Cavitation Structure

Heat transfer of R134 a through the microchannel with an inlet reentrant cavitation structure was investigated for high flux thermal management of electronic devices.The cavitating flow patterns,pressure,and heat transfer characteristics were studied in the range of effective heat fluxes from 0 to 138.4 W/cm2 with mass flow velocities from 2.12 to 5.23 m/s.A stable and ideal starting point of two phase flow and heat transfer was commendably provided by the inlet cavitation orifice.There existed an axis deviation liquid jet after the micro-orifice.The refrigeration vapor was generated from the cavitation structure but liquidized at the downstream of the channel.The wall temperature along flow orientation presented an opposite trend under the test states with or without heat input.The cavitation structure can significantly suppress the flow oscillation in microchannels and the outlet pressure fluctuation reduced about 72%compared with the fluctuation at the entrance.The heat transfer coefficient had been distinctly impacted by heat flux at lower heat input and then maintained the value nearly constant of 11.0 W/(cm^(2)·K)with the critical heat flux of 88.4 W/cm2.

分岔结构处双乳液滴的动力学特性研究

复合液滴在化工、医药和生物检测等领域有着广泛的应用,尺寸以及壳层厚度是复合液滴应用过程中的关键特征参数,研究复合液滴的动力学特性对建立相应的操控方法具有重要意义,有助于进一步实现复合液滴的按需制备.采用微流控技术制备了Y形和T形两种分岔结构,研究了双重乳化液滴(双乳液滴)在分岔结构处的流动行为.根据内、外液滴的分裂次数,将流动模式划分为二次分裂、一次分裂和不分裂3种.分析了流动模式的转变规律以及液滴长度对流动模式转变的影响,通过内、外液滴延伸长度、颈部宽度和缝隙宽度等特征参数的演化过程,将液滴运动过程划分为3个阶段,不分裂模式下为挤压、过渡和恢复,一次分裂以及二次分裂模式下为挤压、过渡和断裂,并讨论了相应的动力学机制.发现液滴长度的增加能有效降低液滴与通道之间的间隙宽度,导致双乳液滴所受的挤压力与剪切力增加,有利于液滴的分裂.基于比较成熟的单乳液滴理论,分别建立了内、外液滴的临界分裂条件,T形分岔结构的分裂临界线高于Y形,并进一步构建了内、外液滴毛细数和初始长度决定的流动模式分布图,可以很好地划分不同模式的分布区域,对于调控双乳液滴特性参数具有重要参考价值.

Basic principles of the whole petroleum system

This paper expounds the basic principles and structures of the whole petroleum system to reveal the pattern of conventional oil/gas-tight oil/gas-shale oil/gas sequential accumulation and the hydrocarbon accumulation models and mechanisms of the whole petroleum system.It delineates the geological model,flow model,and production mechanism of shale and tight reservoirs,and proposes future research orientations.The main structure of the whole petroleum system includes three fluid dynamic fields,three types of oil and gas reservoirs/resources,and two types of reservoir-forming processes.Conventional oil/gas,tight oil/gas,and shale oil/gas are orderly in generation time and spatial distribution,and sequentially rational in genetic mechanism,showing the pattern of sequential accumulation.The whole petroleum system involves two categories of hydrocarbon accumulation models:hydrocarbon accumulation in the detrital basin and hydrocarbon accumulation in the carbonate basin/formation.The accumulation of unconventional oil/gas is self-containment,which is microscopically driven by the intermolecular force(van der Waals force).The unconventional oil/gas production has proved that the geological model,flow model,and production mechanism of shale and tight reservoirs represent a new and complex field that needs further study.Shale oil/gas must be the most important resource replacement for oil and gas resources of China.Future research efforts include:(1)the characteristics of the whole petroleum system in carbonate basins and the source-reservoir coupling patterns in the evolution of composite basins;(2)flow mechanisms in migration,accumulation,and production of shale oil/gas and tight oil/gas;(3)geological characteristics and enrichment of deep and ultra-deep shale oil/gas,tight oil/gas and coalbed methane;(4)resource evaluation and new generation of basin simulation technology of the whole petroleum system;(5)research on earth system-earth organic rock and fossil fuel system-whole petroleum system.

妊娠期糖尿病对胎儿超声心动图肺静脉血流频谱及心脏功能的影响

目的探讨妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)对胎儿超声心动图检查肺静脉血流频谱及心脏功能的影响。方法选取我院诊断的GDM孕妇190例作为GDM组,另选取同期在我院行超声检查的健康孕妇203例作为对照组,GDM组依据不同血糖控制水平分为GDM1组(血糖控制稳定)112例和GDM2组(血糖控制不佳)78例。比较各组孕妇糖化血红蛋白(HbAlc)水平,并行超声心动图检查,比较各组孕妇宫内胎儿左心室结构相关参数。结果GDM2组空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖和HbAlc水平、左心室厚度(LVWT)、室间隔舒张末期厚度(IVSd)、肺静脉峰值流速(PVIV)、肺静脉搏动指数(PI)均高于对照组和GDM1组,GDM1组上述指标均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);GDM2组左心室短轴缩短率(LVFS)、左心室射血分数(LVEF)、A峰流速均低于对照组和GDM1组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);GDM1组上述指标均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。GDM1组、GDM2组HbAlc与LVWT、IVSd均呈正相关(P<0.05),与LVFS、LVEF均呈负相关(P<0.05);GDM1组、GDM2组胎儿肺静脉血流频谱A峰流速与PVIV和PI均呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论GDM对胎儿肺静脉血流频谱参数A峰流速的下降和PVIV与PI的升高提示GDM孕妇胎儿左心室舒张功能的下降。

全油气系统理论基本原理

通过阐释全油气系统基本原理,并阐明全油气系统的结构,进而揭示常规油气—致密油气—页岩油气序列成藏规律以及全油气系统成藏模式与成藏机理;此外,阐述了页岩油气-致密油气储层地质模型、流动模型与开发生产机理,并给出了进一步的研究方向。研究表明:(1)全油气系统的主要结构包括3类流体动力场、3种油气藏与油气资源,以及两种成藏作用。常规油气—致密油气—页岩油气具有形成时间和空间分布的有序性、基于成因机理的序列合理性,表现出“序列成藏”的地质规律。(2)全油气系统成藏模式可以分为“碎屑岩盆地成藏模式”与“碳酸盐岩盆地(层系)成藏模式”两类。非常规油气的聚集成藏是一种“自封闭成藏”,油气自封闭作用的微观来源是分子间作用力(范德华力)。(3)非常规油气生产实践证实,页岩油气-致密油气储层地质模型、流动模型与开发生产机理是一个全新的领域,极为复杂,有待进一步研究。页岩油气一定是中国油气资源中最重要的资源接替。(4)进一步研究方向包括:碳酸盐岩盆地全油气系统特征及复合盆地演化源储耦合规律;页岩油气与致密油气运移、成藏与开发生产的流动机理;深层超深层页岩油气、致密油气和煤层气油气地质特征与富集规律;全油气系统油气资源评价与新一代盆地模拟技术;地球系统—地球有机岩与化石能源系统—全油气系统研究。

竖缝式鱼道桩柱结构过鱼效果探究

为优化鱼道池室结构,提升鱼类洄游效果,以常规竖缝式鱼道为原型,以齐口裂腹鱼(Schizothorax prenanti)为试验对象,通过数值模拟和对照性过鱼试验,比较分析了4种池室内部增加与未增加桩柱的水流结构。结果表明,在鱼道主流中间增设桩柱结构,可以有效减小回流区面积,减幅达49%,并可减小竖缝处的紊动能,最大减少18%;增加鱼类上溯路线分布,提高了池室空间利用率。2种结构的上溯轨迹分析发现,齐口裂腹鱼多选择回流区外侧上溯,避免进入回流区中心,即选择较高的水力应变与紊动能区域作为上溯方向,且上溯路线中偏好较低水力因子区域,上溯偏好流速为0.01~0.09 m/s,紊动能为0.001~0.008 m^(2)/s^(2),水力应变为0.2~3.0/s。体型Ⅱ鱼道通过在主流位置增加桩柱结构,形成了多股水流,有效减小回流区的占比,提高了鱼道池室空间利用率,为鱼类的上溯路径提供了更多选择。

基于现有结构扩容改造泵房的优化设计研究

受限于海塘管理规定等因素,邻江雨水泵房扩容仅能依托现有结构及穿堤管线。为充分挖掘泵房排水潜能、确保排水设施安全稳定运行,以上海罗泾港区雨水泵房的扩容改造设计为例,利用CFD软件对泵房进水池流态进行仿真模拟,分析进水流量增大对整体流态、典型截面速度分布的影响,提出吸入口底部增设防旋板的优化方案,并对流态改善效果进行验证。结果表明,泵房能力扩容增加了底部漩涡形成风险,易造成泵组偏心振动;增设防旋板后水泵进水口流态得到明显改善,有利于保障和改善泵组运行稳定性,推动实现排水能力最大化提升。可为泵房扩容改造工程优化设计提供参考。

复合型叶序微流道混合性能的数值模拟

微混合技术以其样品体积小、消耗少、混合效率高、利于集成化等特点,在微化工、生物医药以及新能源等领域有着广阔的应用前景。目前研究中所采用的微混合器,通常无法兼顾设计复杂度与混合效率,并且基于应用导向缺乏相关的机理研究。采用数值模拟的方法能够细化混合过程,有助于对结果的机理性分析。本文建立了一种互生-轮生内向复合叶序微通道模型,通过对微通道内流速场、压力场与粒子分布的模拟结果研究,分析结构元件的引流与阻流效应,并讨论其角度、间距以及循环密度对微通道中流体流型与混合效果的影响。结果表明,流体速度矢量对不同流体的流型以及相互扩散起到关键作用,是混合效果的决定性判据。其中元件角度主要影响流体速度矢量的方向差,元件间距决定了相邻作用区域的流场耦合程度,元件循环密度则主要影响流体速度矢量方向的变化幅度,最终得出当夹角为45°、间距为2mm、循环密度为4时,混合效果能够达到98%。

有机海泡石在油基钻井液中的应用效果与展望

针对目前常规油基钻井液及其配套处理剂在高温环境下容易失效的问题。对一种具有耐高温机械稳定性的纤维状黏土矿物——“海泡石”进行了分析研究,并讨论了其晶体构造、理化性质和有机改性的方法。结果发现,有机改性后的海泡石可以在油基钻井液中形成具有较强结构力的“乱草堆状”空间网架结构,使钻井液出现明显的触变性,且该流变特性仅取决于纤维结构的机械参数,而不取决于颗粒的静电引力,抗温可达240℃以上;分散在钻井液中的海泡石纤维随钻井液一同向地层渗透的过程中,还可以在井壁处形成一层薄而致密的纤维层,阻挡钻井液向地层的滤失;除此之外,海泡石因其自身所含结构水较多的原因,在饱和盐水和淡水中的配浆效果几乎一样,具有较强的抗盐水污染能力。海泡石的有机改性工艺研究及其在油基钻井液中的应用正逐步成为未来抗超高温钻井液研究的一个重要方向。

Experimental study on hydrodynamic behaviors of high-speed gas jets in still water

The present paper describes experimental investigation on the flow pattern and hydrodynamic effect of underwater gas jets from supersonic and sonic nozzles operated in correct- and imperfect expansion conditions. The flow visualizations show that jetting is the flow regime for the submerged gas injection at a high speed in the parameter range under consideration. The obtained results indicate that high-speed gas jets in still water induce large pressure pulsations upstream of the nozzle exit and the presence of shock-cell structure in the over- and under-expanded jets leads to an increase in the intensity of the jet-induced hydrodynamic pressure.

脉动热管的流型及流向分析

通过3种不同结构脉动热管的可视化实验,研究管内工质的流型和流向。运用实验研究的方法,加宽充液率和热负荷的变化范围,观察并分析不同流型的变化特征;另外,设计出有利于实现工质稳定循环流动的两种改进型脉动热管。实验结果表明:不同工作条件下脉动热管内会出现塞状流、混合流和环状流等不同流型,流型具有自适应传热量变化的特性;改变脉动热管流道的对称性和均衡性,以及毛细渐扩管道汽泡的微泵效应,有利于实现工质的稳定单向循环流动。

三次超级单体风暴雷达产品特征及气流结构差异性分析

2002年9月27日、2003年6月28日和2004年6月24日山东部分地区遭受了不同程度的灾害性天气,雷达观测分析表明是3次超级单体风暴所致,0927风暴尺度和天气现象次于0628和0624风暴。利用济南多普勒雷达探测资料,结合天气形势,对这3次典型超级单体强度结构、流场结构及其演变过程进行了仔细的分析,结果表明:地面中尺度辐合触发了不稳定能量的释放,引发了强对流天气发生;风暴形成阶段表现为不同的演变特征,0927风暴表现为多单体传播型,0628风暴表现为单体自身发展型,0624风暴表现为群发单体合并型;移动路径相似,都属于右移风暴,偏离风暴承载层平均风右侧30°—70°,移动速度约为风暴承载层平均风速的45%—70%;发展成熟阶段最大强中心高度表现不同,0927风暴位于单体底部, 0628风暴位于单体中下层,0624风暴位于单体中层以上,最大反射率因子和垂直积分液态含水量(VIL)表现也有差别,0624风暴最强,0628风暴次之,0927风暴相对较弱。风暴旺盛成熟阶段表现为典型的超级单体特征,有界弱回波区(BWER)和中气旋;风暴旺盛成熟阶段风暴垂直流场结构有相似性,低层气旋性辐合,中层近似于气旋性旋转上升,高层气流辐散;中层水平流场结构存在较大差异,0927和0624风暴为双涡管式旋转结构,0628风暴为单涡式的气旋旋转结构。

河流生态系统结构功能整体性概念模型

在完善与整合现有河流生态系统结构功能概念及模型的基础上,提出河流生态系统结构功能整体性概念模型。水文情势、水力条件和地貌景观格局是对河流生态系统结构与功能具有关键影响的3大生境要素,结构功能模型的核心是建立以3大生境要素为构架的生命支持系统与河流生命系统之间的相互作用和相互制约关系,同时考虑由于人类活动引起生境要素变化对于河流生态系统的影响。河流生态系统结构功能整体性概念模型由以下4种模型组成:河流四维连续体模型、水文情势-河流生态过程耦合模型、水力条件-生物生活史特征适宜模型以及地貌景观空间异质性-生物群落多样性关联模型,这4种模型的一体化整合,基本概括了河流生态系统结构功能的整体特征。

液相流动方式对波纹规整填料性能的影响

根据液相在波纹规整填料片上呈现渗流、膜状流等不同的流动方式,选择5种不同的波纹规整填料对其流体力学和传质性能进行研究,以探究液相在波纹片上的流动方式对波纹规整填料性能的影响。研究结果表明,液相呈渗流流动的泡沫碳化硅波纹规整填料(SCFP型)有利于液体横向扩散和液膜均匀分布,当液相喷淋密度和气相F因子均较小时,其压降最低,传质效率最高;液相主要呈渗流流动、兼有膜状流动的双层错孔丝网填料(DMⅢ型)有利于波纹片两侧液体交换,强化液体在流动过程中的扰动,其压降及传质性能略逊于SCFP型填料;液相主要呈膜状流动的BX型、DMⅠ型及DMⅡ型填料波纹片表面液膜较厚,横向扩散能力差,其传质效率低于SCFP型和DMⅢ型填料。研究揭示了依靠渗流作用的波纹规整填料具有较好的应用性能,为波纹规整填料的进一步发展开拓了新思路。

超声速冲击射流的PIV实验研究

冲击射流广泛应用于短距、垂直起降飞行器(SVTOL)等航空航天领域,然而却伴随着流场与噪声等诸多方面的问题,笔者采用PIV(粒子图像测速)技术对超声速冲击射流的流场结构和涡结构进行了深入研究。实验发现在不同的冲击工况下,冲击射流流场结构呈轴对称和螺旋结构,其瞬时流场的主涡结构也有类似特征,脉动流场在瞬时流场主涡结构的基础上会附加与主涡旋转方向相反的次涡结构,在对称和螺旋两种模态下,由于涡结构的影响,冲击射流的近壁速度存在较强的脉动。