Socio-scientific quantification of the comprehensive benefits of debris flow mitigation measures for villages in western Sichuan, China

Debris flow hazards seriously threaten thesafety and sustainable development of mountainousareas. Numerous debris flow mitigation measures havebeen implemented worldwide;however, acomprehensive assessment of the specific disasterreduction effects of these measures and their economic,social and ecological benefits is yet to be performed.The western region of Sichuan Province frequentlysuffers from geohazards such as debris flow, and thegovernment has adopted many mitigation measures.This study assessed the benefits of debris flowmitigation measures and identified the key influencingfactors via a field-based study conducted in 81 villagesin western Sichuan province, China. A framework forthe evaluation of the benefits of rural debris flowmitigation measures was constructed andquantitatively evaluated using a survey. Snowballsampling was performed to recruit 81 village leadersand 468 farmers. The results showed that managementand engineering measures were the main methodsused to mitigate debris flow;ecological measures wereauxiliary. The average satisfaction scores of farmers forthese three types of measures were 4.07, 3.90, and 3.56,respectively (as measured on a five-point Likert scale).In contrast, in terms of the benefits of these mitigationmeasures, only a small proportion of villages (11.11%)obtained a high level of comprehensive benefits fromthe debris flow mitigation measures, while the majority(88.89%) received medium to low-level benefits. Toimprove this situation, we further studied and foundthat the main factors that restricted villages fromachieving high-level comprehensive benefits were theunpredictable nature of debris flows, labour forceoutflow and remoteness. Effective control measures, agood economic environment and strong governmentassistance were reported as crucial factors forimproving these comprehensive benefits. This studyprovides socio-scientific references for decisionmakingon rural debris flow mitigation measures while keeping villages at the centre of economic development.

Comprehensive Measurement for Carrying Capacity of Resources and Environment of City Clusters in Central China

Studying the carrying capacity of resources and environment of city clusters in the central China has important practical guidance significance for promoting the healthy, sustainable and stable development of this region. According to their influencing factors and reciprocity mechanism, using system dynamics approaches, this paper built a SD model for measuring the carrying capacity of resources and environment of the city clusters in the central China, and through setting different development models, the comprehensive measurement analysis on the carrying capacity was carried out. The results show that the model of promoting socio-economic development under the protection of resources and environment is the optimal model for promoting the harmony development of resources, environment, society and economy in the city clusters. According to this model, the optimum population scale of the city clusters in 2020 is 42.80×106 persons, and the moderate economic development scale is 22.055×1012 yuan (RMB). In 1996-2020, the carrying capacity of resources and environment in the city clusters took on obvious phase-change characteristics. During the studied period, it is basically at the initial development stage, and will come through the development process from slow development to speedup development.

Comprehensive Control of Ecological Environment in Water Sources

To scientifically and effectively conduct comprehensive control of water sources to achieve water safety,the importance,main steps and plan of comprehensive control of ecological environment in water sources were analyzed on the basis of analyzing the development and protection process of foreign water sources.The results show that for the comprehensive control of water sources,it is needed to pay attention to the accurate grasp of the current environmental quality of water sources and carefully analyze the problems in the ecological environment of water sources.Besides,it is necessary to ensure the water quality and quantity of sources,focus on the implementation of environmental remediation and ecological restoration,implement regional protection of water sources,and combine engineering and non-engineering measures to take comprehensive control of environmental problems.

Measurement and Spatio-temporal Distribution of Urbanization Development Quality of Urban Agglomeration in China

Urbanization development quality(UDQ) of urban agglomeration(UA) is one of the important indexes to evaluate if the UA urbanization speed is reasonable,if the population urbanization process is sound,if the economic urbanization process is efficient,if the social urbanization process is harmonious and fair,which is generally composed of three parts,including economic urbanization development quality,social urbanization development quality and spa-tial urbanization security quality.With the research of evolution rules of UDQ,through the analysis on the interactive coordination relation between UDQ and urbanization level,the paper proposes three dimensional index ball and stan-dard value of comprehensive measures of UDQ,which is composed of three categories of indexes.By introducing At-kinson model,this paper constructs the sub-element measure model and segmental measure model of UDQ,and fur-ther makes an overall evaluation on the characteristic of UDQ of UAs in China.Results show that:1) UDQ of UAs lied at optimization and upgrading phase during 1995-2008 and the quality was low.Population urbanization level did not reflect the UDQ of UAs;2) the improving speed of the spatial urbanization security quality was higher than the so-cial urbanization development quality,and the improving speed of economic urbanization development quality was the lowest;3) the coordination between UDQ and urbanization level was not so good;4) there was a weak correlation re-lation between UDQ and UA scale,and it was not true that the bigger the UA was,the better the UDQ was.

The Scientometric Measurement of Interdisciplinarity and Diversity in the Research Portfolios of Chinese Universities

Purpose:Interdisciplinarity is a hot topic in science and technology policy.However,the concept of interdisciplinarity is both abstract and complex,and therefore difficult to measure using a single indicator.A variety of metrics for measuring the diversity and interdisciplinarity of articles,journals,and fields have been proposed in the literature.In this article,we ask whether institutions can be ranked in terms of their(inter-)disciplinary diversity.Design/methodology/approach:We developed a software application(interd_vb.exe)that outputs the values of relevant diversity indicators for any document set or network structure.The software is made available,free to the public,online.The indicators it considers include the advanced diversity indicators Rao-Stirling(RS)diversity and DIV*,as well as standard measures of diversity,such as the Gini coefficient,Shannon entropy,and the Simpson Index.As an empirical demonstration of how the application works,we compared the research portfolios of 42“Double First-Class”Chinese universities across Web of Science Subject Categories(WCs).Findings:The empirical results suggest that DIV*provides results that are more in line with one’s intuitive impressions than RS,particularly when the results are based on sampledependent disparity measures.Furthermore,the scores for diversity are more consistent when based on a global disparity matrix than on a local map.Research limitations:“Interdisciplinarity”can be operationalized as bibliographic coupling among(sets of)documents with references to disciplines.At the institutional level,however,diversity may also indicate comprehensiveness.Unlike impact(e.g.citation),diversity and interdisciplinarity are context-specific and therefore provide a second dimension to the evaluation.Policy or practical implications:Operationalization and quantification make it necessary for analysts to make their choices and options clear.Although the equations used to calculate diversity are often mathematically transparent,the specification in terms of computer code helps the analyst to further precision in decisions.Although diversity is not necessarily a goal of universities,a high diversity score may inform potential policies concerning interdisciplinarity at the university level.Originality/value:This article introduces a non-commercial online application to the public domain that allows researchers and policy analysts to measure“diversity”and“interdisciplinarity”using the various indicators as encompassing as possible for any document set or network structure(e.g.a network of co-authors).Insofar as we know,such a professional computing tool for evaluating data sets using diversity indicators has not yet been made available online.

Measurement and Evolution of High-quality Development Level of Marine Fishery in China

High-quality development of marine fisheries provides an important advantage for China to build itself into a maritime power and implement the Blue Granary Plan effectively.Based on the concepts of‘new development’,‘food security’,and the six dimensions of‘openness,innovation,coordination,green,sharing,and security’,in this study,we established an evaluation index system for the high-quality development of China’s marine fishery sector.We applied the entropy method to evaluate the high-quality development level of China’s marine fishery sector from 2000 to 2016 and explored its spatial and temporal evolution rules.Our results indicated that:1)from 2000 to 2016,China’s marine fishery sector was in the primary stage of high-quality development;2)spatially,the highquality development of marine fisheries showed an upward trend in all provinces,autonomous regions,and municipalities in the country(not including Hong Kong,Macao and Taiwan of China),and with time,the distribution pattern changed from single to multi-polarization;3)temporally,the development level of high-quality marine fisheries fluctuated during the study period.From 2000 to 2010,the growth rate in openness was relatively slow,but after 2010,it increased rapidly.Notably,innovation is the driving force for high-quality development.The green and security factors provide a solid guarantee for high-quality development.In the high-quality development of a region,economic development is better coordinated,and the distribution of benefits is more inclusive.This study provides a theoretical basis to formulate effective marine fishery policies for the high-quality development of the marine fishery sector in China.Exploring the high-quality development and evolution process of marine fishery is conducive to promoting the sustainable development of marine fishery industry,ensuring marine fishery food security,and alleviating global food crisis.

Proposing a novel comprehensive evaluation model for the coal burst liability in underground coal mines considering uncertainty factors

Coal burst is a severe hazard that can result in fatalities and damage of facilities in underground coal mines.To address this issue,a robust unascertained combination model is proposed to study the coal burst hazard based on an updated database.Four assessment indexes are used in the model,which are the dynamic failure duration(DT),elastic energy index(WET),impact energy index(KE)and uniaxial compressive strength(RC).Four membership functions,including linear(L),parabolic(P),S and Weibull(W)functions,are proposed to measure the uncertainty level of individual index.The corresponding weights are determined through information entropy(EN),analysis hierarchy process(AHP)and synthetic weights(CW).Simultaneously,the classification criteria,including unascertained cluster(UC)and credible identification principle(CIP),are analyzed.The combination algorithm,consisting of P function,CW and CIP(P-CW-CIP),is selected as the optimal classification model in function of theory analysis and to train the samples.Ultimately,the established ensemble model is further validated through test samples with 100%accuracy.The results reveal that the hybrid model has a great potential in the coal burst hazard evaluation in underground coal mines.

Information fusion of train speed and distance measurements based on fuzzy adaptive Kalman filter algorithm

The measurement accuracy of speed and distance in high speed train directly affects the control precision and driving efficiency of train control system. To improve the capability of train self control, a combined speed measurement and positioning method based on speed sensor and radar which is assisted by global positioning system（GPS） is proposed to improve the accuracy of measurement and reduce the dependence on the ground equipment. In consideration of the fact that the filtering precision of Kalman filter will decrease when the statistical characteristics are changing, this paper uses fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to evaluate the sub filter, and information distribution coefficients are dynamically adjusted according to filtering reliability, which can improve the fusion accuracy and fault tolerance of the system. The sub filter is required to carry on the covariance shaping adaptive filtering when it is in the suboptimal state. The adjustment factor of error covariance is obtained according to the minimized cost function, which can improve the matching degree between the measured residual variance and the system recursive residual. The simulation results show that the improved filter algorithm can track the changes of the system effectively, enhance the filtering accuracy significantly, and improve the measurement accuracies of train speed and distance.

Comprehensive Development and Utilization of Saline Lake Groups in Dingbian,Shanxi Province of China

The Dingbian Saline Lake groups are in Dingbian County,northwest of Shaanxi province,and located on the border area of the Loess Plateau and Maowusu Desert in Northern Shanxi.It’s altitude is more than 1300m.The

Correlation of Aflatoxin Contamination in Peanuts with Rhizosphere Microorganisms and Its Comprehensive Control

Aflatoxin contamination is an important hazard factor affecting the quality safety and food safety of peanut production, which seriously threatens people's health and safety. In this paper, the background and harmful causes of aflatoxin contamination were analyzed in detail, with attention focusing on its control measures, which has certain guiding significance for the comprehensive control of aflatoxin contamination.

Risk Assessment and Comprehensive Control of Insect and Wild Animal Vectors in the Prevalence of Related Equine Diseases in the Specific Equine Disease-free Zone of Guangzhou Asian Games

[ Objective] In order to construct the specific equine disease-free zone of of the Guangzhou Asian Games, to ensure that the equestrian events of Guangzhou Asian Games be smoothly held. [Methods] The species, quantities, distribution and seasonal variations of insects and wild animals in related zones were investigated from 2008 to 2010, and the collected samples of the insects and wild animals were tested in laboratory for related equine diseases. [Results] The investigations indicated that there were some mosquitoes, flies, horseflies, punkies, ticks, bats, wild birds and wild bears in equastrianism venue and peripheral regions of disease-free zone of the Guangzhou Asian Games, the laboratory results of Japa- nese encephalitis, vesicular stomatitis, Nipah virus disease, West Nile fever, and Trypanosomiasis evansi, were all negative. According to the in- vestigations and test results, the risk assessments of insect and wild animal vectors in the prevalence of related equine diseases were made to con- firm that the risk was relatively low or very low, and comprehensive prevention and control measures with prevention as major measures and insecti- cides application and environment managements as supplementary means were made on the basis of the risk assessment conclusions. [ Conclu- sions] This research has laid a solid foundation for the successful building of the first specific equine disease-free zone in our country, ensured the smooth holding of the 16th equastdan competition in Guangzhou Asian Games.

Comprehensive Management Strategy for Tunnel Construction Quality Inspection and Monitoring

With the increase in the number and scale of tunnel projects in China in recent years,the comprehensive management for quality inspection and monitoring measurement in the tunnel construction process is receiving more and more attention.Based on this,this paper analyzes the comprehensive management of quality inspection and monitoring during tunnel construction to ensure the quality of tunnel construction.

Out with Multiple Choice and In with Essays:A More Accurate Way to Measure Reading Comprehension

The certification test for English teachers in a certain state asked candidates to identify the name of the frog in Mark Twain's "The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County." If students answered this question correctly and said, Dan'l Webster, does this mean that these students would be prepared for the teaching field? Conversely, if students answered this question incorrectly, does this mean they were ill- prepared for becoming teachers? Can such an irrelevant question really point to the knowledge and abilities of future teachers? Hardly, use of unimportant questioning such as this illustrates the main problem with using a multiple choice format when assessing students. Trivial items such as names of animals and other insignificant information are often given priority over their significance in the story simply because students are not able to demonstrate what they really know in narrative form (Smagorinsky, 2002).

我国国际消费中心城市发展水平测度及动态演进

国际消费中心城市是消费的高级形态载体。从国际知名度、消费繁荣度、商业活跃度、到达便利度和消费满意度五个维度构建我国国际消费中心城市发展评价指标体系,借助熵权TOPSIS法对其发展水平进行测度,运用核密度估计、收敛性分析、修正的引力模型以及社会网络分析方法,以北京、天津、上海、重庆、广州等25个具有竞争力的城市为样本,剖析我国国际消费中心城市发展的动态演进特征。研究发现,2017—2022年我国国际消费中心城市发展水平逐年上升但处于低水平发展阶段,城市间发展差距大且呈现出梯队层级分布态势;从各维度看,国际知名度、消费繁荣度、商业活跃度和消费满意度四个维度发展水平表现为上升趋势,消费繁荣度涨幅最大,到达便利度发展水平较低;国际消费中心城市间发展的绝对差距较大,但城市的追赶效应使得相对差距缩小;从空间格局看,城市初步形成了北部“北京+天津”集聚圈、南部“广州+深圳”集聚圈以及以上海为首的长江联系带的“两圈一带”总体空间网络格局,表现出“高者全局集聚、低者局部扩散”的集散效应特征,城市间有着“核心城市占据主导,边缘城市结构优化”的非均衡空间联系。因此,应立足城市比较优势、深入挖掘并梯次培育特色消费增长点,完善城市交通基础设施建设、突出重点打造现代综合立体交通网络,积极把握我国国际消费中心城市发展的动态变化过程、多层级优化城市消费资源空间配置,重视我国国际消费中心城市发展的空间网络结构特征,逐步形成以点带面、以圈扩容、结构优化的消费空间发展格局。

渤海海峡跨海通道工程区海域三维地应力测试

跨渤海通道海域缺乏实测地应力基础数据,而海域钻探原位实测又承担着巨大风险与重重困难,为取得工程区现今地应力场特征第一手资料,利用以水压致裂地应力测量为主,以空心包体、非弹性应变恢复、差应变、声波各向异性法为辅的综合地应力测量技术,对研究区海域开展三维地应力测试与研究,建立了线性回归方程,得到了回归拟合曲线。结果表明,渤海海峡最大水平主应力σH、最小水平主应力σh与垂直主应力σv均随测试深度的增加呈线性增大规律;海峡南部地应力状态存在σH>σh>σv的关系,处于逆冲应力状态,应力场方向为NE,最大水平主应力大于垂直主应力,区域内构造力处于主导地位;海峡北部应力状态为σH>σv>σh,有利于走滑断层活动,应力场方向为NE,区域内构造力处于主导地位;整个工程区内地应力各分量值之间相差不大,远远小于区内断层活动应力值的下限,表明研究区目前处于稳定状态。研究结果符合一般地应力测量规律,测试流程符合地应力测试要求,测试数据可用于分析区域地应力状态。

汽车轻量化设计与制造综合实验课程思政建设的路径探索

课程思政是国家思想铸魂工程教育战略的关键举措,是传承中华优秀传统文化的重要途径,是助力行业突破技术封锁的客观需求,是高校落实全方位育人的必然选择,是推动研究生全面发展的本质要求。汽车轻量化设计与制造综合实验课程为车辆工程核心专业课,是学生步入汽车行业必备知识体系的重要组成部分。该文在阐释课程思政建设深刻内涵的基础上,总结课程思政建设过程中面临的现实困境,提出课程思政建设的思路与举措,以期为车辆工程专业相关课程的思政建设与教学提供借鉴和启示。

面齿轮在机测量综合预行程误差补偿及齿面匹配方法

在机测量可在加工过程中实时测量,有效提高面齿轮的加工质量及测量效率。考虑面齿轮在机测量预行程误差对齿面精度的影响和齿面匹配精度低的问题,制定了基于蜗杆砂轮磨齿机的在机测量策略,将多种误差影响因素作为输入,测头综合预行程误差作为输出,构建基于PSO-CNN神经网络的综合预行程误差预测模型完成误差补偿。提出齿面精匹配方法,构建六参数优化模型使测量齿面与理论齿面进行匹配得到齿面误差。最后,测量实验结果显示,左齿面精度提高61.33%,右齿面精度提高71.15%,在机测量与克林贝格测量仪测量结果基本一致,满足面齿轮在机测量精度要求。

水资源污染综合治理措施及其防治效果评估研究

长期的水污染会破坏水环境,造成生态系统的破坏和失衡,影响人类的生产和生活。为此,研究水资源污染综合治理措施并评估防治效果。在分析了水资源污染物的4种主要类型后,从工业生产、市政管理以及工程保障3方面提出相应的治理措施,并使用模糊综合评价法对治理后的效果评价,将评价结果分为5个等级,利用加权平均原则对评价结果定量计算。将所提治理措施应用在某市生态公园调节塘内,经一段时间后检验该塘水质有了明显改善,防治效果评估结果为优秀,证明所提方法在水资源污染治理方面具有可行性。

基于多测点位移与多评价指标的滑坡状态评价方法

为全面利用滑坡地表布置的所有位移测点的数据信息、消除不同位移趋势分析评价方法对滑坡稳定性状态的误判,提出了一种融合多测点位移信息和多指标评价结果的滑坡稳定性状态模糊综合评价方法。实例验证结果表明,该方法避免了采用单一测点位移变化趋势对滑坡稳定性状态评价的不足,而考虑多种评价方法得到的评价结果也避免了单一评价方法对滑坡实际稳定状态评价的局限性,评价结果更加合理。

基于改进三维生态足迹模型的珠江—西江经济带生态补偿价值测度及分区研究

生态补偿机制构建难点在于厘清补偿主客体、评估补偿优先时序及精准测算补偿标准,构建科学有效的生态补偿机制有助于流域上下游生态保护责任合理分配。本文以珠江—西江经济带地级市为研究单元,将改进三维生态足迹模型与生态系统服务价值估算相结合,测度2005—2020年各市生态补偿价值与标准,引入生态补偿优先级,最终划定优先支付、潜力支付、平衡、潜力受偿及优先受偿5类分区。结果表明:1)2020年经济带生态补偿赤字为288.09亿元,广州支付价值最高为185.14亿元,人均生态补偿标准为987.92元,仅崇左获生态补偿,受偿价值为0.68亿元,人均受偿标准为32.62元。2)广州、佛山与南宁长期为优先支付区;崇左长期为优先受偿区;肇庆、柳州及百色近年转为潜力支付区;来宾、贵港、梧州与云浮为平衡区;经济带优先受偿区与潜力受偿区逐步转为优先支付区、潜力支付区与平衡区。3)广州、佛山及南宁应率先支付生态补偿平衡经济带区际生态保护责任,协调区际生态保护共治关系;应优先给予崇左生态补偿以实现生态保护受益,获得生态环境治理的经济支持。