Effect of ammonium sulfate on the formation of zinc sulfide species on hemimorphite surface and its role in sulfidation flotation

Effectively strengthening the surface sulfidation is essential for recovering hemimorphite by froth flotation.In this work,inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer(ICP-OES)measurements,Visual MINTEQ calculation,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)analysis,time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry(ToF-SIMS)analysis,and micro-flotation experiments were explored to systematically investigate the effect of ammonium sulfate((NH_(4))_(2)SO_(4))on the formation of zinc sulfide species on hemimorphite surface and its role in sulfidation flotation.The results showed that(NH_(4))_(2)SO_(4)exhibited a positive influence on hemimorphite sulfidation flotation.It was ascribed to the number of zinc components in the form of Zn^(2+)and[Zn(NH_(3))_(i)]^(2+)(i=1–4)increased in the flotation system after hemimorphite treatment with(NH_(4))_(2)SO_(4),which was beneficial to its interaction with sulfur species in solution,resulting in a dense and stable zinc sulfide layer generated on the hemimorphite surface.[Zn(NH_(3))_(i)]^(2+)participated in the sulfidation reaction of hemimorphite as a transition state.In addition the sulfidation reaction of hemimorphite was accelerated by(NH_(4))_(2)SO_(4).Thus,(NH_(4))_(2)SO_(4)presents a vital role in promoting the sulfidation of hemimorphite.

Thermodynamics and kinetics of extracting zinc from zinc oxide ore by the ammonium sulfate roasting method

Thermodynamic analyses and kinetic studies were performed on zinc oxide ore treatment by （NH4）2SO4 roasting technology. The results show that it is theoretically feasible to realize a roasting reaction between the zinc oxide ore and （NH4）2SO4 in a temperature range of 573-723 K. The effects of reaction temperature and particle size on the extraction rate of zinc were also examined. It is found that a surface chemical reaction is the rate-controlling step in roasting kinetics. The calculated activation energy of this process is about 45.57 kJ/mol, and the kinetic model can be expressed as follows： 1 - （1 - α）1/3 = 30.85 exp（-45.57/RT）·t. An extraction ratio of zinc as high as 92% could be achieved under the optimum conditions.

Relative bioavailability of tribasic zinc sulfate for broilers fed a conventional corn-soybean meal diet

An experiment was carried out to investigate the relative bioavailability of tribasic zinc（Zn） sulfate relative to Zn sulfate for broilers fed a conventional corn-soybean meal diet. A total of 504 1-d-old Arbor Acres commercial male chicks were randomly assigned by body weight of birds to one of seven treatments involving a 2×3 factorial arrangement with three levels of added Zn（30, 60, or 90 mg of Zn kg–1） and two Zn sources（tribasic Zn sulfate and Zn sulfate） plus a control with no added Zn for an experimental phase of 14 d. Plasma Zn, tibia ash Zn, pancreas Zn, and pancreas metallothionein（MT） messenger RNA（m RNA） were analyzed at 6 or 14 d of age post-hatching. The results showed that plasma Zn, tibia ash Zn, pancreas Zn, and pancreas MT m RNA increased linearly（P〈0.002） as dietary Zn concentration increased at 6 or 14 d of age. The R2 for a linear model was greater on d 6 than on d 14 for the above 4 responsive criteria, and among these indices, the fitting of the tibia ash Zn concentration was the best（R2=0.99）. Therefore, based on slope ratios from the multiple linear regressions of the above 4 indices of the birds at 6 d of age on daily intake of dietary Zn, the bioavailabilities of tribasic Zn sulfate relative to Zn sulfate（100%） were 95.6%（P=0.18）, 83.5%（P=0.01）, 87.9%（P=0.53）, and 75.9%（P=0.38） for the tibia ash Zn, pancreas Zn, plasma Zn, and pancreas MT m RNA, respectively. The results indicated that generally, Zn from tribasic Zn sulfate was as available as Zn from Zn sulfate for broilers.

Effect of Sulfate on Adsorption of Zinc and Cadmium by Variable Charge Soils

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Therapeutic Evaluation of 2% Tea Lotion in Comparison with 5% Zinc Sulfate Solution in the Treatment of Acne Rosacea

Background: There are many effective topical and systemic therapies for acne rosacea. Topical zinc sulfate and tea lotion have been used in treatment of acne vulgaris. Objectives: To evaluate effectiveness of 2% tea lotion in comparison with 5% zinc sulfate solution in the treatment of acne rosacea. Patients and Methods: This single, blinded, comparative therapeutic clinical trial was carried out in the Department of Dermatology—Baghdad Teaching Hospital from June 2006-December 2007. Twenty two patients with acne rosacea were divided into two groups and were instructed to apply the following lotions for two months, Group A used 2% tea lotion twice daily while Group B used 5% zinc sulfate solution twice daily. Patient with severe acne rosacea were excluded from the study. Clinical improvement was evaluated every 2 weeks by determination of the disease severity score (Sharquie’s score) before and after treatment. Results: Eighteen patients with acne rosacea completed the study with their ages ranging from 26 - 70 (40.5 ± 10.9) years. For Group A and Group B were 39.7 ± 8.2, 41.2 ± 13.1 years respectively, with eight patients in Group A, ten patients in Group B. Five percent zinc sulfate solution was statistically significant in reducing the disease severity score in acne rosacea, while 2% tea lotion was beneficial but did not reach statistically significant level as zinc sulfate solution. Conclusion: Five percent zinc sulfate solution was a good alternative remedy to be used in patients with acnerosacea.

Solvent extraction of zinc from zinc sulfate solution

The extraction of zinc from zinc sulfate solution was investigated,using 20% saponified D2EHPA as an extractant and 260# sulfonate kerosene as a diluent.The solution was stirred for 8 min at phase ratio(Vo/Va) of 1.0-1.0,initial pH of 2.0 and stirring speed of 200 r/min.The results show that 75% zinc can be extracted from the zinc sulfate solution when the concentration of zinc is 18.7 g/L after being settled for 10 min.88.60% zinc can be stripped by 196 g/L sulfuric acid,and zinc ion can be separated from ferric ion.

Treatment of Acute Cutaneous Leishmaniasis by Oral Zinc Sulfate and Oral Ketocanazole Singly and in Combination

Background: Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) is an endemic disease in many countries and caused by different species of Leishmania parasite. It results in a deformed scar after a relatively long period. Many therapies have been tried in treatment of this disease. Objective: To compare the effect of oral zinc sulfate and oral ketoconazole singly and in combination in the treatment of acute cutaneous leishmaniasis. Patients and Methods: This single, blinded, therapeutic, controlled study was conducted in the Department of Dermatology, Baghdad Teaching Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq, during the period, January 2015 to July 2015. Seventy-five patients with acute CL were enrolled in this study. The total numbers of lesions were 327, and the duration of lesions ranged from 4 to 12 (6.9 ± 0.7) weeks. The diagnosis was confirmed by smear and histopathology. Patients were divided into three groups: 24 patients in Group A were treated with oral zinc sulfate capsules 10 mg/kg/day for 6 weeks;24 patients in Group B were treated with ketoconazole tablets 200 mg twice daily for 6 weeks and 27 patients in Group C were treated orally with a combination of zinc sulfate and ketoconazole for 6 weeks. All patients were seen regularly every 2 weeks for 6 weeks of treatment period, then monthly for the next three months as follow up period. Healing of the lesions was assessed by using Sharquie’s modified Leishmania score to assess the objective response to the topical or systemic therapy. Results:After six weeks, 75 patients have completed the treatment, 24patients received zinc sulfate capsule, 24 patients received oral ketoconazole and 27 patients received a combination of both treatments. The cure rate was (60%) in the group receiving oral zinc sulfate capsuleand (50%) in the one receiving oral ketoconazole tablet (P = 0.146) and (96%) in the combination group (P ? 0.04). Conclusion: The combination therapy using oral zinc sulfate and oral ketoconazole gave a high cure rate. The combination therapy is a new mode of therapy as both drugs act in a synergistic way.

Topical 15% Zinc Sulfate Solution Is an Effective Therapy for Feet Odor

Background: Feet odor is a common sociomedical problem that affects the feet of human beings of different etiological factors. Multiple modalities of therapy have been used in the treatment of feet odor. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of topical 15% zinc sulfate solution in the treatment of feet odor. Patients and Methods: This single blind, placebo, controlled therapeutic study was conducted at the Department of Dermatology-Baghdad Teaching Hospital, from March 2010 to July 2011. A total of 108 (88 males and 20 females) patients with feet odor were enrolled and were divided into 2 groups: Group A: treated with 15% zinc sulfate solution. Group B: treated with distilled water as placebo control group. Full history and examination were carried out including all relevant points. Four scoring had been used to assess the severity of odor in patients with bared feet Score 0: no odor, Score 1: mild odor, Score 2: moderate odor and Score 3: severe odor. Zinc sulfate solution 15% was applied to sole and toe webs once daily for two weeks, three times per week for next two weeks and followed by single application weekly as maintenance after clearance of odor for two months. Patients were seen every two weeks to be examined and to score the odor again and to record side effects. Results: Group A: Fifty patients completed the study, their ages ranged from 8 - 68 (33 + 14.5) years, while the duration of the disease ranged from 1 - 180 (7.22 + 38.24) months. The complete clearance of feet odor after two weeks of therapy was 35 (70%) patients which was similar to two months maintenance therapy 35 (70%) and was highly statistically significant (p value = 0.0000001). Group B: Fifty patients received the placebo solution, their ages ranged from 16 - 75 (32.6 + 13.4) years, while the duration of the disease ranged from 1 - 180 (43.7 + 47.65) months. The complete clearance of feet odor was in 1 (2%) patient after two weeks therapy and after two months maintenance therapy. No side effects were recorded. Conclusions: Topical 15% zinc sulfate solution had an effective therapeutic and prophylactic action against feet odor.

Influence of zinc sulfate intake on acute ethanol-induced liver injury in rats

瞄准：调查 metallothionein 和增殖的房间的角色在导致乙醇的肝 injury.METHODS 的硫酸锌的词法、生物化学的效果上的原子抗原(PCNA ) ：Wistar 白鼠被划分成四个组。组我；未经触动的老鼠，组 II；给仅仅锌的控制老鼠，组 III；给绝对乙醇的动物，组 IV；给锌和绝对乙醇的老鼠。导致乙醇的损害被绝对乙醇的 1 mL 生产，由管饲法技术管理了到每只老鼠。动物为 3 d 每天硫酸锌收到了 100 mg/kg 在绝对乙醇的管理以前的 2 h。结果：在给仅仅锌的控制老鼠和给锌和乙醇的老鼠的 metallothionein 免疫反应的增加被观察。PCNA 免疫组织化学证明 PCNA 积极的 hepatocytes 的数字在老鼠的肝显著地被增加管理乙醇 + 硫酸锌。尖锐乙醇暴露在肝引起了退化词法变化。血谷胱甘肽层次减少了，当时，浆液硷性磷酸酯酶和 aspartate 转氨酶活动在乙醇组增加了与控制组相比。肝谷胱甘肽层次被减少，但是类脂化合物作为与另外的组相比每在这个组的肝增加的氧化管理了乙醇。在乙醇组的硫酸锌的管理在退化变化引起了重要减少，类脂化合物每氧化，和硷性磷酸酯酶和 aspartate 转氨酶活动，而是肝谷胱甘肽的增加。结论：硫酸锌在导致乙醇的肝损伤上有保护的效果。另外，房间增长可能与老鼠的肝的 metallothionein 免疫反应的增加有关管理乙醇 + 硫酸锌。

Reaction behaviors of Pb and Zn sulfates during reduction roasting of Zn leaching residue and flotation of artificial sulfide minerals

To evaluate the feasibility of recovering Pb and Zn sulfides and Ag-containing minerals from Zn leaching residue by the process of reduction roasting followed by flotation,the reaction behaviors of Pb and Zn sulfates during this process were investigated.Chemical analysis showed that the transformation ratios of PbSO4 and ZnSO4 could reach 65.51%and 52.12%,respectively,after reduction roasting,and the introduction of a sulfidation agent could improve the transformation ratios of these sulfates.scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy(SEM-EDS)revealed that temperature obviously affects the particle size,crystal growth,and morphology of the artificial Pb and Zn sulfide minerals.Particle size analysis demonstrated that the particle size of the materials increases after roasting.Flotation tests revealed that a flotation concentrate composed of 12.01wt%Pb,27.78wt%Zn,and 6.975×10^(−2)wt%Ag with recoveries of 60.54%,29.24%,and 57.64%,respectively,could be obtained after roasting.

硫酸锌胶结珊瑚砂渗透特性试验及工程应用探讨

对松散珊瑚砂进行胶结处理以降低岛礁地层渗透性是促进生态岛淡水涵养的重要手段之一。为此,开展了硫酸锌胶结珊瑚砂的渗透试验,分析了不同浸泡时长、硫酸锌溶液浓度及初始干密度对胶结珊瑚砂渗透性的影响,采用干湿循环试验验证其耐久性,通过X射线衍射(X-ray diffraction,简称XRD)、扫描电镜(scanning electron microscope,简称SEM)、能量色散X射线光谱(energy dispersive spectrometer,简称EDS)及计算机断层扫描(computed tomography,简称CT)扫描研究微观胶结机制。结果表明:(1)硫酸锌胶结可将珊瑚砂渗透系数降低70.17%~95.79%;(2)干湿循环16次后,胶结处理36 h的珊瑚砂样品质量损失率不超过4%,渗透系数变化不超过1.0×10^(-3)cm/s,表明样品耐久性良好;(3)珊瑚砂和硫酸锌反应生成二水石膏与菱锌矿填充样品孔隙,使孔喉平均半径、配位数均减小,孔隙连通性显著下降。该技术可应用于岛礁吹填初期固砂防侵蚀、提高地基承载力、降低渗透性以促进地下淡水涵养和生态岛建设,具有重要的工程应用价值。

镧、锆改性氢氧化铝在硫酸锌电解液中的除氟性能

针对目前工业吸附剂除氟效果差、吸附容量低等问题,通过共沉淀法制备出了一种介孔Al-La-Zr复合吸附材料有效地去除硫酸锌溶液中的氟离子。首先,探究了掺杂金属的种类及比例对除氟率的影响,获得了制备最佳掺杂比例;其次,采用BET、XRD、SEM等手段对吸附剂进行了表征,了解吸附剂的主要物相、比表面积和形貌;再次,研究了吸附剂用量、吸附温度、接触时间和p H对吸附效率及吸附容量的影响,明确了工艺优化条件;最后,对吸附过程进行动力学和热力学分析,并结合吸附前后吸附剂的表征结果进一步揭示介孔Al-La-Zr复合吸附剂的吸附机理。研究结果表明:材料的主要物相为Al(OH)_(3),材料表面具有丰富的孔径结构,这有利于提升材料的比表面积(127.16 m^(2)/g),增加吸附容量;当吸附温度为30℃,p H为4.7,吸附时间为3 h,吸附剂用量为5 g/L时,吸附平衡脱氟效率为78.32%,平衡容量为15.66 mg/g;吸附过程符合拟二阶动力学模型,线性Freundlich可以很好描述吸附等温线,吸附过程为自发放热过程。吸附机理涉及离子交换、静电吸附以及金属对氟的络合作用。

草鱼膨化饲料中硫酸锌和蛋氨酸锌的应用效果比较研究

为研究膨化饲料中硫酸锌和蛋氨酸锌对草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idella)生长、体成分、锌蓄积、血清生化和抗氧化的影响,实验选用初始体质量为(4.29±0.18)g的草鱼幼鱼480尾,随机分为4组(每组4个重复,每个重复30尾鱼),分别投喂4种饲料,在室内循环水养殖系统中养殖8周。对照组饲料(D1)不补充锌,另外三组饲料在对照组的基础上补充60 mg/kg不同形式的锌源,分别为硫酸锌组(D2)、蛋氨酸锌组(D3)、混合组(硫酸锌和蛋氨酸锌分别提供30 mg/kg锌,D4)。结果显示:(1)D2~D4组的生长性能和全鱼锌含量均显著高于D1组,且D2~D4组全鱼粗脂肪含量显著低于D1组,D2~D4组间的生长性能、全鱼体成分和锌含量均无显著差异。(2)D4组血清总蛋白含量和谷草转氨酶活性最高,其次为D2和D3组,D1组最低;D1组谷丙转氨酶活性最高;D4组的甘油三酯含量显著低于D1组。(3)D1组肝脏的CAT活性最低,MDA含量最高。(4)D1组肝脏细胞出现空泡、膜边界模糊、细胞核偏移,锌补充组肝脏形态明显改善。综上结果表明,在饲料中添加60 mg/kg(以锌元素计)硫酸锌、蛋氨酸锌或混合锌(以锌元素计1∶1)都可提高草鱼的抗氧化性能和健康水平,提高草鱼的生长性能;混合锌源对草鱼的健康作用效果更好。

硫酸锌胁迫对萌发青稞功能成分及抗氧化能力的影响

该研究以藏青2000为原料,采用酶联免疫吸附法等方法测定了不同浓度硫酸锌胁迫下萌发青稞的功能成分含量及抗氧化能力,同时记录其萌发率等指标。结果表明,硫酸锌胁迫对青稞的萌发率、水分含量、根长和芽长有抑制作用。随着时间的延长,在不同浓度硫酸锌胁迫下,褪黑素、γ-氨基丁酸含量先增加后降低;还原糖、可溶性含量先上升后达到动态平衡;β-葡聚糖、总黄酮及总酚含量先降低后升高。其中,0.6 mmol/L硫酸锌胁迫萌发第7天时总酚含量是对照组的1.12倍;0.8 mmol/L硫酸锌胁迫萌发第6天时褪黑素与γ-氨基丁酸含量分别是对照组的1.35、1.40倍,第7天时总黄酮含量是对照组1.28倍。抗氧化能力结果显示,萌发青稞的抗氧化能力与其含有的总黄酮总酚含量显著正相关(P<0.01)。综上,萌发可改善青稞品质,0.6~0.8 mmol/L的硫酸锌胁迫可有效提高萌发青稞功能成分含量及抗氧化能力。

暗棕壤中Cl-/SO42-质量比对镀锌钢和不锈钢腐蚀行为的影响

[目的]探究吉林地区暗棕壤中氯离子(Cl^(-))和硫酸根离子(SO_(4)^(2-))对典型接地材料腐蚀的影响。[方法]通过室内加速腐蚀试验考察不同Cl^(-)/SO_(4)^(2-)质量比下镀锌钢和不锈钢腐蚀速率的变化,采用X射线衍射仪和扫描电子显微镜分析金属腐蚀产物的变化,探讨镀锌钢和304不锈钢的腐蚀机理。[结果]低浓度SO_(4)^(2-)的存在会促进Cl^(-)对镀锌钢的点蚀,SO_(4)^(2-)浓度高则能减缓Cl^(-)对镀锌钢的腐蚀。但镀锌层厚度有限,在强酸性环境下会因为快速溶解而逐渐失去防腐作用。与镀锌钢相比,304不锈钢在暗棕壤中的耐蚀性更优,但其成本更高,并且304不锈钢的点蚀随着Cl^(-)/SO_(4)^(2-)质量比的增大而加剧。[结论]镀锌钢较适用于温和的中性土壤环境。304不锈钢比镀锌钢更耐腐蚀,但不适用于腐蚀性阴离子含量高的土壤环境。

纳米氧化锌和SDS促进二氧化碳水合物生成特性实验研究

水合物法捕集和封存二氧化碳(CO_(2))具有储气量高和成本低等优点,但生成CO_(2)水合物(简称“水合物”)的诱导时间长、生成速率缓慢限制了该方法的应用。为促进水合物的生成,采用恒容法研究了纳米氧化锌(ZnO)和十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)对水合物生成的影响。结果表明,在一定条件下增大初始压力和引入机械搅拌可以促进水合物生成,并且单独添加纳米ZnO或SDS均能显著缩短诱导时间。其中,在ZnO质量分数为0.06%和275.65 K的条件下,确定了初始压力和搅拌速率的最优值分别为4.5 MPa和500 r/min。在3.5 MPa、275.65 K和300 r/min的条件下,加入质量分数为0.10%、粒径为50 nm的纳米ZnO(ZnO-50)体系的诱导时间为41.6 min,较纯水体系的诱导时间(487.4 min)缩短了91.5%。体系中ZnO-50的质量分数为0.06%时,气体消耗总量为0.903 mol,较纯水体系的气体消耗总量(0.444 mol)提高了103.4%。提高SDS的质量分数对气体消耗总量的促进效果逐渐增强,当体系中SDS的质量分数为0.10%时,气体消耗总量达到最大(1.027 mol),比纯水体系的气体消耗总量提高了131.3%。以质量分数为0.10%的SDS与质量分数为0.02%的ZnO-50构建协同体系,其气体消耗总量(1.045 mol)受相平衡压力的影响变化不大,但可以显著加快水合物生成速率,实验半程(反应5 h)的气体消耗量可达0.924 mol,占实验全程(反应10 h)气体消耗总量的88.4%,明显高于单独使用质量分数为0.02%的ZnO-50和质量分数为0.10%的SDS体系的相应数据(分别为63.7%和48.5%)。相关研究结果可为应用水合物技术进行CO_(2)捕集和封存提供一定的理论指导。

锌粉中含铝时金属锌含量的测定

锌粉中金属锌含量的测定多采用高锰酸钾间接滴定法,若试样中含有金属铝时,则先采用高锰酸钾间接滴定法测定出锌粉中的锌铝合量,再采用比色法测定出试样中的金属铝含量,最后将铝以1∶3.6352(质量分数比)换算成等量的金属锌予以扣除,即得样品中金属锌含量,多个样品检测结果的相对标准偏差0.13%~0.36%。该方法适用于锌粉生产、研究企业和检验检测机构。

硫酸锌溶液净化除钴应用研究

针对硫酸锌溶液净化过程中存在的能耗高、锌粉耗量大、工艺流程长净化成本高等问题,采用一段中温净化除铜、镉,二段中温加除钴剂除钴,三段深度净化工艺,结果表明:当温度为82℃、锌粉加入量1.6 g/L、反应时间为60 min时,此时钴含量为0.25 mg/L,除钴率为98.64%。

外源硫酸锌处理对盐胁迫下糯玉米幼苗生理特性的影响

盐渍化土壤在我国分布广泛,糯玉米有着广阔的发展前景,研究外源物对盐胁迫下糯玉米的幼苗生理和生长的影响有重要意义。在盐胁迫下,研究了不同浓度硫酸锌对糯玉米幼苗生理特性的影响,结果表明:土壤含盐量3.80 g/kg条件下,0.20 g/L硫酸锌处理可显著提高糯玉米幼苗可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白和脯氨酸含量,显著提高过氧化氢酶、超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶和α-淀粉酶活性,显著降低丙二醛的含量。0.20g/L硫酸锌可以通过提高抗氧化酶活性、增加渗透物质含量和降低丙二醛含量来缓解糯玉米幼苗的盐胁迫。