Medical simulation-based education improves medicos' clinical skills

Clinical skill is an essential part of clinical medicine and plays quite an important role in bridging medicos and physicians. Due to the realities in China, traditional medical education is facing many challenges. There are few opportunities for students to practice their clinical skills and their dexterities are generally at a low level. Medical simulation-based education is a new teaching modality and helps to improve medicos＇ clinical skills to a large degree. Medical simulation-based education has many significant advantages and will be further developed and applied.

Assessment Methods Used during Clinical Years of Undergraduate Medical Education at Moi University School of Medicine, Kenya

Background: Assessment is the systematic collection, review, and use of information about educational programs undertaken to improve teaching and learning. It ensures quality in training programmes, motivates, and directs students’ learning. Assessment is also used for verification of achievement of objectives of training, feedback to students, licencing, certification, and screening of students for advanced training. It is guided by several principles, including the aims of the assessment (why assess), who to assess, timing (when to assess), what to assess, methods (how to assess), and the criteria for determining the usefulness of the assessment. Objective: To describe the assessment methods used during clinical years of the undergraduate programme at Moi University School of Medicine (MUSOM) and determine the student’s perspectives concerning the comprehensiveness, relevance, objectivity of various assessment methods and challenges faced. Methodology: The study was carried out at MUSOM and a cross-sectional study design was employed. Ten study participants were studied using convenience sampling. Data were collected using an interview guide and was analyzed using content analysis. An informed consent was obtained from the study participants. Results: The methods used during clinical years at MUSOM for assessing knowledge and its applications include multiple-choice questions (MCQ), short answer questions (SAQ), modified essay questions (MEQ), long essay questions (LEQ), and oral exam. Whereas the methods for assessing clinical competence include long case, short cases, objective structured clinical examinations (OSCE), and logbook. Students felt that MCQs were comprehensive, objective, and relevant to the curriculum content. They reported that feedback was not provided after assessments. Conclusion: The assessment methods used at MUSOM during clinical years include MCQ, SAQ, MEQ, LEQ, Short cases, long cases, and OSCE. Students reported varied perceptions of the different assessment methods but favored MCQ and OSCE over other formats for assessing knowledge and clinical skills respectively.

Flexner has fallen:Transitions in medical education system across time,a gradual return to pre-Flexnerian state(de-Flexnerization)

The modern medical education system has gradually evolved starting from 1910 incorporating the suggestions by Abraham Flexner,his public disclosure of the poor conditions at many medical schools provided a means to galvanize all the constituencies needed for reform to occur.He could say what other reformers could not,due to their links to the medical education community.But now we are again going back to a pre-Flexnerian state due to multiple reasons such as gradually diminishing importance of basic science subjects for the students,the decline in the number and quality of investigator initiated research among clinical researchers,lesser emphasis to bedside training by means of detailed clinical examination and making appropriate observation of signs to reach to a diagnosis rather than over reliance on the laboratory tests and radiological modalities for the diagnosis,poor exposure to basic clinical skills starting from college throughout residency and the trend of disrespect and absenteeism from both theoretical and clinical/practical classes.The attitude of students is just to complete their required attendance so that they are not barred from appearing in examinations.This de-Flexnerization trend and regression to pre-Flexnerian era standards,ideologies,structures,processes,and attitudes,are bound to beget pre-Flexnerian outcomes,for you get what you designed for.

Teaching reproductive endocrinology in Iran: Pilot assessment of hospital-based clinical modules for medical students at Tehran University of Medical Sciences

This pilot study evaluated effectiveness and acceptance of a new hospital-based reproductive endocrinology curriculum among Iranian medical students. A voluntary, anonymous questionnaire was used to compare two teaching methods as applied to junior medical students at Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Students were randomly assigned to one of two clinical teaching settings;no student experienced both modules. Coursework for the pilot (experimental) group (n = 19) utilized a teaching approach comprising lectures, genetics laboratory, pelvic ultrasound, small group sessions, and opportunities to observe advanced reproductive technologies such as in vitro fertilization, ICSI, and embryo transfer. A control group (n = 34) received reproductive endocrinology instruction by the ‘traditional curriculum’, consisting mainly of lectures. Students were sampled at baseline and again atthe conclusion of their reproductive endocrinology session. Pre- and post-test data were analyzed for both groups;post-test differences between groups were also compared. No significant differences in mean age or gender mix were identified between the two study groups. Overall, the ques- tionnaire did not identify any significant intergroup differences for any parameter investigated. Although student acceptance rate appeared similar for both educational modules, the ratio of students having a “favorable regard” for reproductive medicine declined only among students randomized to the control group (41.2% vs. 32.3%). This report offers the first data on teaching reproductive endocrinology to medical students in Iran. Both traditional and innovative approaches to teaching reproductive endocrinology were well-accepted by students, although negative post-test responses were more common among students in the control group. While periodic quality assessments for existing clinical teaching methods are necessary, introduction of alternative teaching approaches is also important. Additional studies are planned to evaluate the impact this initiative may have on results on standardized tests measuring reproductive endocrinology knowledge, as well as election of further specialization in training.

Stress Sensitivity and Signs of Anxiety or Depression among First Year Clinical Dental and Medical Students

Background: Negative stress symptoms are reported in the literature among clinical dental and medical students and can include signs of anxiety or depression. However, very little has been researched about existing psychological preconditions of these students that could make them more vulnerable to negative stress symptoms. Objective: The aims were to explore first year clinical dental and medical students’ experiences of stress intensity, stress sensitivity and signs of anxiety or depression. Gender was also explored as a possible predictor of these psychosocial phenomena. Methods: First year clinical students at Aarhus University dental (n = 49) and medical schools (n = 59) were recruited to fill out a 45-item questionnaire that comprised demographics and three scales: Cohens Perceived Personal Stress (PPS-10), Stress Sensitivity Inventory (SSI) and Depression Anxiety & Stress Scale (DASS-21). Groups and genders were compared by frequency and using association statistics, bivariate odds ratios, nominal logistic regression and ANOVA. Results: Stress intensity perceptions were moderate to high for many. Dental students scored higher than medical students on all mean test scores. In general, women showed higher levels of stress than men. Dental students scored significantly higher than medical students on Depression, Anxiety and Chronic Stress with ANOVA tests. However, when gender, age and medical or dental student status were added into a logistic regression analysis in which high stress sensitivity was the main dependent variable, only high scores in perceived stress intensity and signs of depression and anxiety showed significant main effects. Conclusion: Present study confirmed the literature that reports high degrees of stress among dental and medical students. But more importantly, Stress Sensitivity Inventory appeared to be a reliable and excellent predictor of high perceived stress and signs of depression and anxiety. It can be useful to detect and prevent student psychosocial dysfunction in clinical learning environments. An important challenge for medical and dental educational institutions is to provide specific student emotional support as early as needed as well as to consider appropriate stress prevention curriculum reforms.

Exploring the barriers of utilizing theoretical knowledge in clinical settings: A qualitative study

Objectives: Although effective performance in clinical settings requires the integration between theory and practice,there is a gap between theoretical knowledge as taught in the classroom and what the students experience in clinical settings.This study aimed to elicit and explore the barriers of utilizing theoretical knowledge in clinical settings.Methods: A qualitative study was adopted with a conventional content analysis approach.Fifteen nursing and paramedic's students,faculty members and experienced nursing staff participated in the study.Data were collected by semi-structured individual interviews until data saturation and concurrently analyzed via MAXQDA 10.Results: Five main categories emerged as barriers of utilizing theoretical knowledge in the clinical settings i.e.non-standard practices in clinical settings;lack of trust in clinical competence;lack of perceived professional support;insufficiencies in teaching and learning process;and differences between doing things in simulated and real clinical situations.Conclusion: Transferring theory into practice in a structured manner requires professional support in the workplace,trust and the opportunity for direct experience,using valid and up-to-date knowledge by clinical staff and bridging the simulated situations with real life scenarios.

Subtle skills: Using objective structured clinical examinations to assess gastroenterology fellow performance in system based practice milestones

BACKGROUND System based practice(SBP) milestones require trainees to effectively navigate the larger health care system for optimal patient care. In gastroenterology training programs, the assessment of SBP is difficult due to high volume, high acuity inpatient care, as well as inconsistent direct supervision. Nevertheless,structured assessment is required for training programs. We hypothesized that objective structured clinical examination(OSCE) would be an effective tool for assessment of SBP.AIM To develop a novel method for SBP milestone assessment of gastroenterology fellows using the OSCE.METHODS For this observational study, we created 4 OSCE stations: Counseling an impaired colleague, handoff after overnight call, a feeding tube placement discussion, and giving feedback to a medical student on a progress note. Twentysix first year fellows from 7 programs participated. All fellows encountered identical case presentations. Checklists were completed by trained standardized patients who interacted with each fellow participant. A report with individual and composite scores was generated and forwarded to program directors to utilize in formative assessment. Fellows also received immediate feedback from a faculty observer and completed a post-session program evaluation survey.RESULTS Survey response rate was 100%. The average composite score across SBP milestones for all cases were 6.22(SBP1), 4.34(SBP2), 3.35(SBP3), and 6.42(SBP4)out of 9. The lowest composite score was in SBP 3, which asks fellows to advocate for cost effective care. This highest score was in patient care 2, which asks fellows to develop comprehensive management plans. Discrepancies were identified between the fellows’ perceived performance in their self-assessments and Standardized Patient checklist evaluations for each case. Eighty-seven percent of fellows agreed that OSCEs are an important component of their clinical training,and 83% stated that the cases were similar to actual clinical encounters. All participating fellows stated that the immediate feedback was "very useful." One hundred percent of the fellows stated they would incorporate OSCE learning into their clinical practice.CONCLUSION OSCEs may be used for standardized evaluation of SBP milestones. Trainees scored lower on SBP milestones than other more concrete milestones. Training programs should consider OSCEs for assessment of SBP.

临床医学八年制医学生肿瘤学教学需求调查

目的 调查临床医学八年制医学生对肿瘤学相关课程形式及内容的需求,为肿瘤学临床教学提供借鉴和参考。方法 以问卷星的方式于2020年9—11月对北京协和医学院临床医学八年制医学生、清华大学医学院临床医学八年制医学生、北京协和医学院“4+4”试点班八年制医学生展开调查,了解学生肿瘤学的知识来源、感兴趣的课程内容和教学形式偏好。结果 共发放问卷122份,回收率为100%。参与调查的学生共122人,89.3%(109/122)的学生对肿瘤学相关基础和临床科研项目感兴趣,84.4%(103/122)的学生认为采用情境模拟教学方式合理,91.0%(111/122)的学生希望通过线下讨论的方式进行学习。课程内容方面,医学生对肿瘤诊断、治疗方案、多学科综合治疗、循证医学等与临床情境直接相关的知识更感兴趣。亚组分析显示,传统八年制医学生(86%,92/107)较“4+4”试点班学生(60%,9/15)对缓和医疗认可度更高,在情境模拟教学中更愿意担任编剧(26%比7%,P=0.013);临床阶段学生较基础阶段学生在科研训练中增加了肿瘤学知识的了解,更倾向于在情境模拟教学中担任编剧(27%比11%,P=0.048)。结论 临床医学八年制医学生对肿瘤学课程中的肿瘤诊断、治疗方案及研究进展等方面感兴趣,期望通过情境模拟教学的方法进行学习且主动参与度较高。

检验医学科住院医师规范化培训教学中临床小讲课的设计、探索与体会

住院医师规范化培训是医学教育改革的重大举措,是医师成长的关键。临床小讲课是住院医师规范化培训教学工作的重要教学模式,是传授临床知识、培养住院医师临床思维、临床技能和实践能力、开拓临床医学专业视野的重要环节。随着住院医师规范化培训建设的进一步推进以及对检验医师培养的更深层次要求,如何更好地进行检验医学科的住培教育成为教学的关键问题。本文从检验医学科住院医师规范化培训的视角出发,以临床小讲课的目的与形式、特点、组织结构以及效果改进和评价四部分全面解读了临床小讲课指南,以讲授法案例、罕见和疑难案例、以问题为导向学习法(PBL)案例、思政教育以及翻转课堂等案例分享临床小讲课相关优秀案例经验,并对临床小讲课教学探索中的不足之处做出分析总结以及后续展望。在临床小讲课教学探索中发现,以临床小讲课为中心的检验住培教学能有效提高检验医师的循证思维能力、疾病诊治能力和学习能力,是检验医师培养中一种重要的、必要的、有效的教学模式。

元宇宙医学教育在肝胆外科临床教学中的应用与思考

元宇宙是独立于现实世界而又与现实世界紧密结合的沉浸式环境,是教育业态的一种新发展。肝胆外科的理论和临床教学一直是普通外科临床教学中的重点和难点,教学中运用增强现实(augmented reality,AR)等技术可以更直观、便利地了解患者的身体器官结构;更有效地进行肝胆外科教学。医学教育元宇宙尚面临着信息隐私保护,相应规则、标准制定,引导学生有效驾驭虚拟自我等诸多问题与挑战。随着医学教育元宇宙的落地实现和向前发展,沉浸式深度互动的肝胆外科新教学模式将得到实现。

构建外科同质化教学和考核体系的探索

近年来,新建教学医院不断增加,医学生队伍也逐年增多。随着“新医科”教学理念的不断更新,新建医院临床教学面临巨大压力和挑战,尤其是外科临床教学常面临同质化不足的问题,这与师资团队的教育背景、教学经验等多方面因素有关。为解决外科临床教学师资同质化不足的问题,提升本科生教学质量,文章探索了构建外科同质化教学和考核体系的关键要素,搭建了外科学同质化教学平台,建立了同质化教学管理制度和教学评价体系,以外科学同质化教学平台为依托,建设了一支同质化外科带教师资队伍,进一步规范和完善了外科临床教学,提高了学校医学人才培养质量,为医学本科生“同质化”临床教学打下了坚实基础。

置信专业活动在神经内科住培模式构建中的研究与实践

第三代医学教育改革的特点是强调以胜任力为导向的医学教育,但仍存在着无法忽视的不足,因此文章引入了置信专业活动这一概念。置信专业活动是指在临床环境中监督者通过观察和衡量后可以信任并委托给学员的专业活动,这一活动可以高效并且可靠地帮助监督者判断住培学员的能力,并促进住培学员能力的提升。目前为止,我国神经内科现有形成性评价体系仍不全面,无法有效地评价住院医师规范化培训(以下简称“住培”)学员在临床工作中的能力,国内也没有神经内科住培相关的置信专业活动。文章立足2020—2023年国内外临床医学教育相关研究,借鉴国际经验并结合我国实践经验分析置信专业活动的发展起源、现状、阻碍和前景,为我国神经内科住培模式构建的研究与实践提供思路及方向。

课程思政教育在医学生专业课程中的探索

目的课程思政教育是培养医学生成为一名合格医学生的“重要桥梁”。自课程思政改革以来取得了重要成就,但也面临着很多问题。本研究旨在探索新的专业课程思政教育方法和途径。方法本研究通过对2022年4—5月安徽医科大学97名在校医学生进行网络问卷调查,了解目前医学生对于课程思政的认识现状,主要包括熟悉程度、效果评价、课程思政内容的占比、关注需求、存在的问题、方法和建议等6个部分。结果64.94%(63名)学生对课程思政不太了解和完全不了解;61.86%(60名)学生认为思政教育融入课程生硬、教学形式单一、枯燥无味及脱离实际是目前课程思政教育的突出问题;62.89%(61名)学生对于课程思政的作用予以肯定,认为课程思政可以给予积极的思想指导;70%(68名)学生认为现有专业课程基本上加入了思政元素;对于理想的课程思政内容比例,49.48%(48名)的学生认为思政教育比例最好控制在20%以下;在所有关注需求中学生最关心职业素养与专业知识的融合,占86.6%;关于课程思政融入途径49.48%(48名)学生建议采用微视频结合临床案例对思政元素进行分析和挖掘。结论本研究基于目前课程思政教育调查现状探索了优化的专业课程思政教育方法模式,旨在提高医学课程思政教育的质量,推动立德树人理念在医学专业课中的具体实施和发展,培养新时代适应社会需要的全面发展型的医学生。

基于问题导向式的中西医结合临床教学的现状研究

基于问题导向式的临床教学模式(problem based learning,PBL)是指通过问题案例或场景使学生确定自己的学习目标,且经由学生自我独立式学习和小组讨论以完善知识。经过60余年的教学实践,在世界许多国家的临床医学教育中都取得了良好的效果,PBL引入我国也有近30年的历史,其在我国临床医学教育的应用中仍然处于探索和改革的阶段。文章就PBL在国内中西医结合临床各科室中的教学现状进行总结,发现其对提高学生积极性,改善学习效果,提高学生的教学满意度等方面效果较好,同时探讨其目前存在的问题,并针对现有的问题提出应对策略,如“靶向PBL教学”模式,以期为未来的医学临床教育提供思路。

ChatGPT对医学临床实践教学的影响与思考

近年来,人工智能大语言模型发展迅速,尤其是ChatGPT以其强大的语言处理系统掀起了人工智能新的发展浪潮。文章在梳理相关文献的基础上,对ChatGPT在医学教学领域的运用场景进行了整理和思考,从理论学习、决策辅助、教学设计、医学科研等四个方面对ChatGPT在临床实践教学中的影响进行了综合评价,探讨了ChatGPT在临床实践教学的使用过程,同时也对其在实际医学教育使用中所面临的挑战和不足进行深入分析,以期为ChatGPT在医学教育领域的发展提供新的思路。

思政元素在妇产科教学中的应用与实践

妇产科学是高校医学专业的一门必修课程,也是兰州大学临床医学院专业核心课程之一。妇产科教学融入思想政治教育,是新时代赋予医学教育的重大课题、是传统教学模式向融合模式的客观要求、是培育涵养高尚医德医风的现实需要、是广大患者对高质量服务的美好向往。通过增强课程思政教学的主动性、丰富课程思政教学的生动性、完善课程思政教学的评价体系的有效途径,潜移默化地将爱国主义、生命至上、职业素养、传统美德、爱护自我等思想政治元素融入妇产科教学之中,根植于学生脑海,内化于心、外化于行,更好地激发学生学习热情和价值认同,增强崇高职业的自豪感和任重道远的责任感,进而更好地践行救死扶伤,治病救人,全心全意为人民服务的初心和使命,更好地为患者提供科学、有效、人性的医疗服务。

新医科背景下课程思政融入临床药理学教学的探索和思考

该文探索了在新医科背景下临床药理学课程实施课程思政建设的途径,通过挖掘课程思政元素、明确课程思政目标、打造跨学科优质师资团队、优化教学内容和方法等途径,全方位把爱国情怀、人文精神、社会责任等思政元素融入教学,以期培育新时代具备综合素养能力的创新型医学人才。

3D成像系统在住培医师肝脏Couinaud分段学习中的应用

目的探讨3D(三维重建技术)成像系统在住院医师规范化培训(简称住培)医师肝脏Couinaud分段教学中的价值。方法选取2020年7月—2022年6月西安交通大学第二附属医院普通外科60名住培医师作为研究对象,随机分为对照组(n=20)、试验组1(n=20)和试验组2(n=20)。对照组采用阅读CT二维图像进行Couinaud分段教学;试验组1先二维图像后三维图像进行此教学;试验组2先三维图像后二维图像进行此教学。住培医师对Couinaud分段和满意度进行评价。结果试验组1和试验组2 Couinaud分段8段的准确率优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);试验组1和试验组2回答所有问题所需的时间[(10.80±1.94)min、(8.60±1.79)min]少于对照组[(16.45±1.76)min],且两试验组对比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。试验组1和试验组2对Couinaud分段理解度及教学方法满意度高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论基于3D成像系统的教学方法,可提升住培医师对肝脏Couinaud分段为基础的肝脏解剖的理解能力和实践能力,取得满意的教学效果。

基于耳鼻咽喉科真实患者采用CBL教学对全科规培生临床实践能力的影响

目的探讨基于耳鼻咽喉科真实患者应用案例教学法对全科规培生临床实践能力的影响及效果。方法随机将2018年1月—2021年1月在耳鼻喉科轮转的全科规培生96名平均分为两组,以其中一组为CBL组,另一组为对照组。CBL组基于耳鼻咽喉科真实患者采用CBL教学法,对照组采用常规教学法。结果实验组和对照组的笔试理论成绩和临床技能操作成绩的考核进行分析,组间数据差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);CBL组规培生在临床思维能力、分析及解决问题的能力、主动学习能力、学习效率、师生间的互动、医患间的沟通能力及问诊技巧等方面的满意度高于对照组,组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论作者研究提示CBL教学法可明显提高全科住培医师学习的积极性和临床实践能力,教学质量有明显提高对培养优秀全科住培医师具有重要的价值。

医学高校附属医院课程思政教师队伍建设存在的问题及对策

医学人才德育培养是医学高校附属医院的首要教学目标,课程思政是达成这一目标的有效途径,临床教师是实施课程思政的关键。目前,医学高校附属医院课程思政所面临的最主要问题是临床医生的教师职业认同感和归属感缺失、医院课程思政保障机制不健全、临床教师育德意识和育德能力不足。规范临床教师选聘准入程序,将师德医德高尚的临床教师纳入高校教师体系中;医院从医院管理、师资培训、教学评价和激励机制四方面,构建一个全面、系统、科学的课程思政师资队伍培养和建设体系,为推动医院课程思政的落地实践提供有力保障;临床教师从加强自身政治素养、强化育德意识、找准育人角度、提升育德能力四方面,加强自我课程思政能力建设,进而全面推进医学课程思政建设。