Dynamics of Saline-alkali Land and Its Ecological Regionalization in Western Songnen Plain, China

As the important reserve land resources for food production,saline-alkali land should play a significant role to ensure the national food security in the context of global food crisis. The western Songnen Plain is one of main distribution regions of saline-alkali land in China,with great potential in agricultural development. In this study,the extent,transformation,spatial distribution and temporal change of saline-alkali land in the western Songnen Plain during 1954–2005 were investigated by using remote sensing and GIS spatial analysis methods. Saline-alkali land change was detected from a temporal series of topographic maps in 1954,satellite images of Landsat MSS in 1976,Landsat TM/ETM in 1988,2000 and 2005 through artificial visual interpretation. The results indicated a significant expansion in saline-alkali land area and aggravation in salinization. The area of saline-alkali land had increased from 401.48×103 ha in 1954 to 1 097.45×103 ha in 2005. While the ratio of light,moderate and serious salinized land areas changed from 6.72︰2.92︰1.00 to 1.25︰1.06︰1.00 in the study period. Grassland,cropland,swampland and water body were the major land use and land cover types from which saline-alkali land transformed. And the secondary salinization occured mainly in Da′an City,Tongyu County,Changling County,Daqing City,Dorbod Mongolian Autonomous County and Zhaoyuan County. Finally,seven large ecoregions and 14 corresponding sub-ecoregions were delineated out based on spatio-temopral dynamic characteristics of saline-alkali land and geo-relational environmental attributes. According to the results,measures of amelioration and ways of development of saline-alkali land in the western Songnen Plain were put forward.

Quantitative Assessment of Impacts of Regional Climate and Human Activities on Saline-alkali Land Changes:A Case Study of Qian'an County,Jilin Province

Interdecadal and interannual variations of saline-alkali land area in Qian′an County, Jilin Province, China were comprehensively analyzed in this paper by means of satellite remote sensing interpretation, field flux observations and regional climate diagnosis.The results show that on the interannual scale, the impact of climate factors accounts for 71.6% of the total variation of the saline-alkali land area, and that of human activities accounts for 28.4%.Therefore the impact of climate factors is obviously greater than that of human activities.On the interdecadal scale, the impact of climate factors on the increase of the saline-alkali land area accounts for 43.2%, and that of human activities accounts for 56.8%.The impact of human activities on the variation of saline-alkali land area is very clear on the interdecadal scale, and the negative impact of human activities on the environment should not be negligible.Besides, changes in the area of heavy saline-alkali land have some indication for development of saline-alkali land in Qian′an County.

Saline-alkali land in the Yellow River Delta: amelioration zonation based on GIS

Soil salinization is one of the major land degradation types and has greatly influenced sustainable agricultural development. Zonation of saline-alkali land is the precondition for effective amelioration. The present situation of saline-alkali land is monitored by remote sensing image processing. Causes for land salinization are analyzed, especially the two key factors, ground water depth and its mineralization degree, are analyzed by using long-term observation data. Previously, zonation of saline-alkali soil was made descriptively and artificially. Based on the present situation of saline-alkali land, ground water depth and ground water mineralization degree, the zonation of saline-alkali land for amelioration in the Yellow River Delta was completed quantitatively. Four different types of saline-alkali land amelioration zones are delineated, namely, easy ameliorated zone, relatively difficult ameliorated zone, difficult ameliorated zone and unfavorable ameliorated zone. Countermeasures for ameliorating saline-alkali soils are put forward according to ecological conditions of different saline-alkali land zones.

A GIS-based Tupu Analysis of Dynamics of Saline-alkali Land in Western Jilin Province

Based on Tupu theory, this paper studied the dynamic changes, conversion modes, expansion intensity and landscape attributes of the saline-alkali lands in Changling County, Zhenlai County and Da'an City of the western Jilin Province in 1980-2000 with the help of GIS. The results show that the saline-alkali land rather sharply increased in Da'an during 1995-2000; the main conversion processes in the three counties were from grassland to saline-alkali land and from saline-alkali land to grassland; and the typical shapes, spatial expansion speed and mode, and landscape attributes of the saline-alkali land were different in the three counties, which were closely related to local topography, predominant wind orientation, water resources distribution, etc. The corresponding spatial expansion mode was marginality in Changling, random in Zhenlai and more kernels in Da'an, respectively. Landscape attributes also responded to the spatial-temporal dynamic changes of the saline-alkali land and the landscape indices of Da'an fluctuated greatly. The frame of this research may provide fundamental reference for landscape analysis and give some suggestions for regional sustainable development.

The Salt Reduction and Yield Increase Effects of Smashing Ridging Transforming Saline-alkali Land and Its Development Prospects

Using smashing ridging tillage machine and smashing ridging technology invented by the authors,transformation test of saline-alkali land by smashing ridging was conducted respectively in Xinjiang and Shaanxi during 2015-2016. The results showed,in severe saline-alkali soil of Xinjiang,after growing cotton by smashing ridging,total salt in soil decreased by 31. 31%,cotton production increased by 48. 80%,and salinity level declined from severe to moderate; in mild saline-alkali soil of Shaanxi,after growing summer corn by smashing ridging,total salt in soil decreased by 42. 37%,corn yield increased by 34. 83%,salinity degree changed from mild desalination to normal farmland; in Ningxia,Inner Mongolia,Gansu,Jilin,Henan,Hebei,and so on,smashing ridging tillage practice in different types of saline-alkali land was conducted; according to the salt reduction and yield increase effects of saline-alkali land after smashing ridging,the development prospect of smashing ridging technique in improvement and application of saline-alkali land was proposed.

Transport Characteristics of Soil Salinity in Saline- alkali Land under Water Storage and Drainage Conditions

To test the variation and transport of soil salinity in saline- alkali land under water storage and drainage treatments,an experimental model was established in Fuping,Shaanxi Province,2009. The variation of soil salinity during 0- 160 cm soil depth under the two treatments was determined and analyzed. Results showed that the average soil water content under water storage treatment was 4. 47% higher than that under drainage treatment,which means that the water storage treatment could help to improve soil moisture to satisfy the crop's growth needs. The profile distribution of soil soluble solids( TDS),anion( Cl-,HCO3-,SO2-4) and cation( Ca2 +,Na+,K+) content and the variation of soil p H were also measured and analyzed. PCA( Principal Component Analysis) was used to explore the relationship between the soil salinity and its ions,which showed that the water storage treatment could significantly decrease the surface salinity of soil and accelerate the desalination of topsoils,and finally,the soil quality was improved significantly,demonstrating that the water storage treatment has a remarkable effect on soil salinity management.

Effects of Soil Improver on Wheat in Saline-Alkali Lands in the Yellow River Delta

Field experiment carried out to test the effects of soil improver on wheat yield and soil physical-chemical properties. The results indicated that soil improver could optimize soil aggregates structure, decrease soil bulk density, soil pH and soil salt content, increase soil organic matter and 1 000-grain weight, thereby enhancing wheat yield. With the increase of soil improver application amount, soil physical-chemical properties became better and wheat yield increased. However, there was no significant difference in the treatments with the application amounts of 3%, 4% and 5%. In addition, the treatment of reducing nitrogen showed no superiority in soil physical-chemical properties and wheat yield, indicating that sufficient nitrogen was essential for the growth of wheat.

盐碱地肥沃耕层构建水肥盐综合调控机理与技术研究进展

盐碱地是我国重要的后备耕地资源,我国历来高度重视盐碱地的改良和利用工作,但目前盐碱区淡水资源短缺严重制约了盐碱地的改良利用。如何在水资源约束下,优化调控土壤水肥盐动态是当前盐碱地可持续利用中亟待解决的关键科学问题。近年来,大量研究利用有机培肥、耕作、节水灌溉、田间覆盖、咸水利用等农艺措施,在盐碱地建立“控盐、保肥、保水”的肥沃耕作层,显著改变了水肥盐在土壤-植物-大气连续体中的运移过程,实现了盐碱地质量和产能快速提升,上述内容也日益成为盐碱地改良利用中的重要研究方向。本文系统总结了盐碱地改良和肥沃耕层构建等方面的研究进展,并针对盐碱地肥沃耕层构建下土壤水肥盐综合调控及其与植物生长的协同关系等进行了展望,以期为盐碱地可持续改良利用提供参考。

暗管排水条件下有机无机肥配施对向日葵产量品质与盐碱土改良效果的影响

为揭示生物措施和工程措施协同改良盐碱土的效果,明确滨海农区向日葵生产适宜暗管埋设间距和有机-无机肥配施比例,研究设计10 m(S1)、15 m(S2)和20 m(S3)3种不同暗管间距和100%有机肥(100%OF)、75%有机肥+25%无机肥(75%OF)、50%有机肥+50%无机肥(50%OF)、25%有机肥+75%无机肥(25%OF)、100%无机肥(0%OF)和不施肥(CK)6种施肥处理,观测向日葵产量、品质、氮素利用和土壤速效养分、有机质、全盐含量的响应规律。结果表明:相同暗管间距下,25%OF施肥处理增产效应最为明显,而相同施肥处理下,S2间距向日葵产量处于较高水平,不同处理以S2条件下25%OF施肥处理向日葵产量最高,达到3.82 t/hm^(2);有机肥施用比例提升有利于增加向日葵籽粒粗脂肪、油酸和亚油酸含量;施肥处理明显增加了向日葵植株氮素吸收量,S1、S2和S3间距下较CK处理分别增加了18.1%~47.2%、8.6%~40.5%和8.8%~34.5%;向日葵氮素利用效率随有机肥比例的升高呈先增加后降低趋势,其中S2-25%OF和S1-25%OF处理处于较高水平,分别达到44.2%和43.9%;土壤速效氮、速效磷和速效钾含量与有机肥施用比例呈正相关,S1-S3间距下有机肥处理速效氮、速效磷和速效钾含量较CK平均高22.0%、2.4%和26.4%。暗管间距越小、有机肥施用比例越高,耕层土壤盐分消减率越高,S1间距下100%OF处理盐分消减率达42.6%。综合产量、品质、氮肥利用效率等因素,推荐以15 m暗管间距下25%有机肥施用比例作为盐碱地向日葵生产的最优方案。

我国沿海滩涂盐碱地改良与综合利用现状与展望

沿海滩涂盐碱地是我国重要的后备土地资源,其生态生产力价值是沿海“蓝碳”的重要组成部分。针对长期以来沿海地区盐碱地综合利用效率低下和经济、生态、社会效益不高等问题,本文通过梳理沿海滩涂开发的历史和现状,总结不同改良方式主导的滩涂盐碱地利用方式的转变,评估滩涂盐碱地的生态生产力价值,分析滩涂盐碱地利用亟需解决的问题,以期为新时期我国沿海滩涂盐碱地的改良与综合利用提供参考。

不同土地利用方式下银北盐碱地土壤的理化性质特征

以银北地区盐碱地为对象,研究了旱地、水田、灌木林和荒草地4种土地利用方式对0~20 cm和20~40 cm土层土壤容重、总孔隙度、有机碳含量、全氮含量、全磷含量、全钾含量、pH以及全盐含量的影响。结果表明,银北地区不同土地利用方式土壤理化性质差异显著(P<0.05)。旱地和水田土壤容重高于灌木林和荒草地,土壤总孔隙度则低于灌木林和荒草地。4种土地利用方式土壤有机碳和全量养分含量在0~20 cm和20~40 cm土层表现较为相似,有机碳和全氮含量表现为灌木林最高,旱地和水田次之,荒草地最低;旱地和水田土壤全磷含量显著高于灌木林和荒草地(P<0.05);全钾含量在旱地土壤中最高,水田最低。除旱地20~40 cm土层外,土壤pH和全盐含量均表现为荒草地显著高于其他3种土地利用方式(P<0.05)。加权灰色关联分析显示,0~20 cm和20~40 cm土层均表现为灌木林土壤理化性质关联度最大,旱地和水田次之,荒草地最小,说明灌木林对改良银北盐碱地土壤理化性质的效果最优。

盐碱地甜高粱间作大豆对作物生产性能和光合特性的影响

为研究盐碱地甜高粱(Sorghum bicolor)间作大豆(Glycine max)行比对光合特性变化生产性能的影响,确定科学合理的间作行比,本研究以甜高粱单作(TS),大豆单作(DS)为对照,设置甜高粱-大豆间作1∶1(T1D1),1∶3(T1D3),2∶2(T2D2)和2∶4(T2D4)4种间作模式,对两种作物生产性能、光合特性及甜高粱营养价值进行研究。结果表明,间作促进甜高粱的生长,但对大豆无明显差异。间作行比下,土地当量比均大于1,其中T1D3土地当量比最大,达1.22;甜高粱Pn,Ci,Gs,Tr表现最好的是T2D4,大豆光合特性表现最好的是T1D3处理;同时,T2D4处理甜高粱也拥有较高的粗蛋白含量,为10.03%。经主成分(PCA)分析得出T2D4最好,该间作行比有利于创造良好的群体冠层内部光环境,从而收获较高较优的甜高粱草产量和大豆产量。

有机-无机肥配施对新疆核桃园土壤和叶片养分的影响

[目的]研究有机-无机肥配施对核桃园土壤和叶片养分的影响,筛选影响叶片养分的主要土壤化学因子,为新疆核桃园土壤养分资源高效管理提供科学依据。[方法]以新疆喀什地区叶城县核桃主栽区的10年生‘温185’核桃为研究对象,采用单因素完全随机区组设计,以当地主要的化肥施用类型(磷酸氢二铵和硫酸钾,YD)为对照,探究有机-无机肥配施(矿源黄腐酸钾和中量元素水溶肥,YZ)对核桃园土壤化学特性和叶片矿质元素的影响。[结果]与YD施肥措施相比,YZ处理显著降低了土壤pH、盐离子含量,提高了叶片矿质元素含量,但具有季节性差异。其中,5月,YZ处理显著提高了土壤NO_(3)^(-)-N(460.22%)、AK(46.46%)和叶片N(12.16%)、K(17.46%)、Zn(21.88%)元素含量;7月,YZ处理显著降低了土壤pH(2.21%)、EC(27.25%)、Cl^(-)-S(23.37%)、NH_(4)^(+)-N(61.09%)、AP(30.03%)、Na^(+)(13.24%)和叶片Cl^(-)-L(15.94%)元素含量(p<0.05),相反,显著提高了叶片N(4.16%)、P(13.25%)、Ca(20.73%)、Mg(44.04%)、Na(66.67%)、Fe(24.62%)、Mn(52.47%)、B(31.85%)元素含量(p<0.05);9月,YZ处理显著降低了土壤EC(20.45%)、NH_(4)^(+)-N(37.31%)、AP(21.74%)、Na^(+)(11.36%)含量(p<0.05),相反,显著提高了OM(22.17%)、NO_(3)^(-)-N(59.09%)、AK(56.47%)含量(p<0.05)。线性回归分析结果表明,土壤pH、Na+和Cl^(-)-S是新疆核桃园中影响核桃叶片矿质元素含量的重要土壤化学因子,增施有机肥并且降低土壤pH,有利于叶片N、P、K、Na、Fe、Zn元素的积累。[结论]YD处理提高了土壤EC、Na^(+)、Cl^(-)-S、NH_(4)^(+)-N等盐离子含量,长期施用可能会加剧新疆核桃园的土壤盐渍化水平;YZ处理可显著降低土壤pH、Na^(+)、EC、NH_(4)^(+)-N等盐离子含量,提高了叶片N、P、K、Fe等矿质元素含量,建议在新疆核桃主栽区核桃园,7月之前可通过有机-无机肥配施降低土壤盐渍化水平来减轻盐碱危害,同时平衡叶片矿质元素含量,而应尽量避免长期单一施用化肥。

不同有机改良剂对盐碱地菊芋产量及土壤理化性质的影响

试验在黄河三角洲典型盐碱地上进行,以菊芋品种南芋1号为供试材料,设置不施肥对照(CK)、常规施肥(F)、商品有机肥(M)、生物炭基调理剂(T1)、抗盐调理剂(T2)共5个处理,研究不同有机改良剂对菊芋苗期生物量、块茎产量及土壤主要理化性质的影响。结果表明:施用有机改良剂对盐碱地菊芋苗期干物质量和成熟期地下块茎产量影响显著,其中T1处理菊芋苗期干物质量和成熟期块茎产量最高,较CK、F处理分别显著提高76.4%、36.2%和38.7%、25.1%。与CK相比,T1处理菊芋苗期0~30 cm土层土壤pH值显著下降;M、T1和T2处理较CK和F处理显著降低菊芋苗期0~20 cm土层土壤水溶性盐含量,降幅达8.3%以上,且T1优于M和T2处理;菊芋收获后,M、T1和T2处理0~10 cm土层土壤有机质含量较CK分别显著提高15.1%、20.7%和21.0%,T1处理显著增加0~20 cm土层土壤碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾含量,M处理显著增加0~20 cm土层土壤有效磷和速效钾含量。综上,施用生物炭基调理剂对改良土壤盐碱化、促进壮苗培育、提高菊芋产量效果较优。

不同种植密度与灌溉定额对盐地碱蓬生长及吸盐量的影响

为了探究不同灌溉定额与种植密度对盐地碱蓬(Suaeda salsa)生长及吸盐量的影响,采用双因素试验设计[灌溉定额分别为2500 m^(3)·hm^(-2)(W1)、3500 m^(3)·hm^(-2)(W2)和4500 m^(3)·hm^(-2)(W3),盐地碱蓬种植密度分别为20株·m^(-2)(D1)、60株·m^(-2)(D2)、120株·m^(-2)(D3)]比较分析盐地碱蓬株高、茎粗、蓬径等生长指标和吸盐量对不同处理的响应。结果表明:灌溉水量和种植密度对盐地碱蓬生长、生物量、吸盐量和水分利用效率均有显著影响,两者交互效应极其显著;灌溉水量提高对盐地碱蓬株高、茎粗、蓬径具有促进作用,种植密度增加则对盐地碱蓬生长具有抑制作用,两者协调整体效益提高;W2D2的盐地碱蓬生物量最高,达到了24.02 t·hm^(-2),较W1D2和W3D2处理分别提高了33.84%和11.16%;W2D2吸盐量较W1D2和W3D2分别提高了16.48%和29.32%;W1D2处理的水分利用效率最高,较W2D2和W3D2处理分别提高了4.60%和49.50%。基于空间分析法的多目标优化,确定干旱区盐地碱蓬适宜灌溉定额为3227.77~3484.69 m^(3)·hm^(-2),适宜种植密度为50.34~83.27株·m^(-2)。

盐碱胁迫水稻根系研究

我国盐碱地面积约为1×108 hm2,其中可利用的盐碱地约0.37×108 hm2,盐碱地是重要的耕地后备资源,开发利用潜力巨大。开发种稻是盐碱地改良和利用的有效措施,水稻根系研究对挖掘盐碱水田增产潜力具有重要意义。本文概述了国内外盐碱胁迫水稻根系的研究现状,重点从盐碱胁迫对水稻根系表型、抗逆生理及产量形成的影响等方面的研究进展进行了综述,并对该研究领域未来发展进行了展望。以期多角度全面解析盐碱胁迫水稻根系逆境形态和生理机理,明确土壤-根系-产量的互作机制,基于优良种质资源结合育种技术构建理想根系构型,为挖掘盐碱地水稻增产潜力提供参考。

菇渣有机肥配施脱硫石膏对黄河三角洲盐碱土活性有机碳及其敏感性的影响

[目的]为探讨菇渣有机肥与脱硫石膏对盐碱土有机碳组分及碳库管理指数的影响。[方法]以黄河三角洲新垦殖小麦-玉米轮作地为研究对象,采用随机区组试验方法,设置不施肥(CK)、农民常用施肥(CN)、菇渣有机肥(MCOF)、菇渣有机肥+脱硫石膏(MCOG)4个处理,通过3年田间施肥处理。[结果]菇渣有机肥与脱硫石膏配施显著降低0-20 cm土壤盐碱度,提高土壤氮磷钾养分含量和阳离子交换量(p<0.05);各处理0-20 cm土层总有机碳(TOC)、易氧化有机碳(EOC)、微生物量碳(MBC)含量高于20-40 cm土层,而水溶性有机碳(WSOC)含量则相反;与CN处理相比,MCOG处理0-20 cm土层TOC、EOC、WSOC、MBC分别显著提高15.48%,23.50%,18.98%,51.40%,EOC和MBC有效率分别提高13.94%,30.49%,且MCOG处理较CN和CK处理的土壤碳库管理指数(CPMI)显著提高15.38%和20.00%;MBC的敏感性指数均高于其他有机碳组分,MCOG处理MBC值最高。相关性分析表明,土壤TOC含量取决于其活性组分,而影响盐碱土有机碳活性组分含量及其有效率、碳库管理指数的主要因素为pH、CEC和EC。[结论]菇渣有机肥与脱硫石膏配施能显著降低土壤盐碱含量,提高土壤肥力并增强固碳效率,研究结果为拓展盐碱地土壤有机改良方法提供理论依据和数据支撑。

冬闲盐碱地绿肥种植对淡水淋盐土壤及淋溶液碳氮影响

为探讨绿肥种植对盐碱地淡水淋盐下土壤及淋溶液碳氮含量的影响,于2021年10月至2022年5月设置冬闲(T1)、冬牧70黑麦(T2)和油菜(T3)3个处理进行大田试验,测定土壤及淋溶液有机碳(SOC)、硝态氮(NO_(3)^(-)-N)、铵态氮(NH_(4)^(+)-N)空间分布情况。结果表明,T1、T2、T3处理0~30 cm土层中土壤有机碳分别由淋盐前的6.20,6.58,7.24 g/kg增加到淋盐后的6.48,7.39,8.06 g/kg,增幅分别为4.41%,12.20%,11.23%。淋盐前后0~60 cm土层中T1处理土壤硝态氮含量显著高于T2和T3,淡水淋盐后,0~30 cm土层各处理分别降低42.42%,3.85%,10.84%;60~90 cm土层中减少了1.38%,7.96%,18.11%。淋盐前各土层土壤铵态氮含量不同处理之间无显著差异,淋盐后各土层土壤铵态氮含量均以T2含量最高。综上,淋盐灌溉后,相较于淋盐前各处理不同土层土壤有机碳均呈增加趋势,而土壤氮素则呈明显降低趋势,通过对土壤及淋溶液氮素含量分析发现,淋盐灌溉造成的氮素淋失主要以硝态氮为主。相较于冬闲田,种植油菜绿肥对土壤氮素提高有明显效果,而种植冬牧70绿肥对减少土壤氮素淋失具有最佳效果。

施用硫肥对盐碱地盐分、pH及麒麟西瓜产量、品质的影响

为探讨硫肥对盐碱地的改良效果,通过田间试验研究施用硫肥对盐碱地土壤盐分、pH及麒麟西瓜生长、产量、品质的影响。结果表明:与不施硫肥相比,施硫量150 kg·hm^(-2)处理土壤盐分降低了7.79%~30.73%,土壤pH降低了1.34%~4.29%。施用硫肥处理均增加了麒麟西瓜的主蔓长、茎直径、SPAD值和叶面积,其中施硫量150 kg·hm^(-2)处理效果显著,成熟期较不施硫肥处理分别高32.80%、15.84%、7.78%、32.78%。施硫处理使叶片的净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度有所提高,胞间CO_(2)浓度降低。施硫150 kg·hm^(-2)处理显著提高了麒麟西瓜可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、糖酸比、维生素C和番茄红素含量。施硫量75、150 kg·hm^(-2)处理的西瓜产量分别为55.56、58.02 t·hm^(-2),较不施硫处理分别增产4.14%、6.32%。可见,施硫处理可以在一定范围内降低盐碱地土壤盐分和pH,促进麒麟西瓜生长,显著提高麒麟西瓜产量和品质。

模拟灌溉对滨海盐碱地土壤盐分及养分迁移的影响

通过模拟盐碱农田灌溉洗盐过程,研究不同灌溉水量对土壤盐碱的改良效果和氮磷养分迁移规律的影响。试验采用室内土柱模拟的方法,设置200 mm(S1)、300 mm(S2)、400 mm(S3)3种不同灌水量,模拟了盐碱农田种植过程中的一次性大定额灌溉洗盐,并分析不同灌水量情况下土壤盐分和养分的迁移规律。试验结果显示:不同灌水量处理进行灌水淋溶后,土壤中的盐分、全氮、有效磷、硝态氮及铵态氮含量均明显降低,且在灌溉后这种降低的分布规律相似。3种灌水处理中,盐分和氮磷养分的溶脱率整体表现为S3>S2>S1。底层土壤中的S1和S2处理都会导致氮磷养分截留积累,而随着灌水量的增加氮磷养分截留积累的土层深度也会逐渐加深,但在高灌水量的S3处理中,整个土层中均发生了氮磷养分淋溶现象。在3种灌水量处理中的土壤淋溶液中,其氮磷浓度在整个淋溶周期中的变化规律表现为先增加后减小;在整个淋溶过程中,S3处理的淋溶液中全氮含量和全磷含量明显高于S2、S1灌水处理(p<0.05)。相关性分析显示,土壤盐分的迁移量与氮磷养分的迁移量呈显著正相关关系(p<0.05),不同氮磷养分之间的迁移量也均呈现出显著性关系(p<0.05)。灌溉对土壤表层的盐分和养分的影响最大,在3种灌水量处理中,300 mm灌水量可以有效降低土壤表层盐分,且减少氮磷流失的风险,为试验中盐碱农田灌溉较为适宜的水量。