Odorant binding proteins （OBPs） in insects are postulated to solubilize and transport the hydrophobic odorants across the hydrophilic antennal lymph to the olfactory receptors （ORs） located on the dendrite membran...Odorant binding proteins （OBPs） in insects are postulated to solubilize and transport the hydrophobic odorants across the hydrophilic antennal lymph to the olfactory receptors （ORs） located on the dendrite membrane of the sensory neurons. OBPs in adult insects have been intensively reported, but those in larvae are rarely addressed. In our study, a full-length OBP cDNA, namely SexiOBP13, was cloned by RT-PCR and RACE strategy from the heads of Spodoptera exigua larvae. The quantitative real-time PCR （qPCR） measurement indicated that SexiOBP13 was highly expressed in larval head, but very low in other parts of larva and was not detected in any tissues of adult. The binding affinities of SexiOBP13 to plant volatiles and female sex pheromone components were measured by competitive binding assays. Interestingly, SexiOBP13 displayed a high binding affinity （Ki=3.82 IJmol L-1） to Z9,E12-14：Ac, the major sex pheromone component of S. exigua, while low affinities to the tested host plant volatiles （Ki〉27 μmol L-l）. The behavioral tests further confirmed that Z9,E12-14：Ac was indeed active to elicit the behavioral activity of the third instar larvae of S. exigua. Taken together, our results suggest that SexiOBP13 may play a role in reception of female sex pheromone in S. exigua larvae. The ecological significance of the larvae preference to the adult female sex pheromone was discussed.展开更多
Sex pheromones are considered to play critical roles in partner communication of most parasitic Hymenoptera.However,the identification of sex pheromone components remains limited to a few families of parasitoid wasps....Sex pheromones are considered to play critical roles in partner communication of most parasitic Hymenoptera.However,the identification of sex pheromone components remains limited to a few families of parasitoid wasps.In this study,we functionally characterized a candidate sex pheromone component in Microplitis mediator(Hymenoptera:Braconidae),a solitary parasitoid of Noctuidae insects.We found that the body surface extract from female wasps could significantly stimulate courtship behavior of males.Gas chromatography-electroantennographic detection(GC-EAD)analysis revealed that a candidate semiochemical from extract triggered significant electrophysiological response of antennae of males.By performing gas chromatography-mass spectrometer(GC-MS)measurement,GC-EAD active compound was identified as n-octyl acrylate,a candidate sex pheromone component in female M.mediator.In electroantennogram(EAG)tests,antennae of male wasps showed significantly higher electrophysiological responses to n-octyl acrylate than those of females.Y-tube olfactometer assays indicated that male wasps significantly chose n-octyl acrylate compared with the control.Furthermore,male wasps showed a remarkable preference for n-octyl acrylate in a simulated field condition behavioral trial;simultaneously,n-octyl acrylate standard could also trigger significant courtship behavior in males.We propose that n-octyl acrylate,as a candidate vital sex pheromone component,could be utilized to design behavioral regulators of M.mediator to implement the protection and utilization of natural enemies.展开更多
Microcapsules of sex pheromone of the diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) were synthesized through complex coacervation using gelatin and gum arabic as wall-forming materials. The en...Microcapsules of sex pheromone of the diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) were synthesized through complex coacervation using gelatin and gum arabic as wall-forming materials. The encapsulated pheromone released from these microcapsules into the air was monitored over six weeks in the field. Results of a field trial show that the attractiveness of microcapsules was superior to that of rubber septa loaded with the same amount of pheromone. The mating disruption efficiency of the pheromone treatment was estimated through comparing numbers of moths captured in pheromone-baited traps placed in pheromone treatment fields and pesticide treatment fields. The estimated mating disruption efficiency of the pheromone treatments ranged from 76.94% to 98.67% during the season. This study shows that pheromone microcapsules might provide a new method for P. xylostella control.展开更多
The role of female sex pheromones in natural selection, particularly as a means for species recognition to avoid the generation of hybrid offspring with low fitness, has been widely explored and is generally accepted ...The role of female sex pheromones in natural selection, particularly as a means for species recognition to avoid the generation of hybrid offspring with low fitness, has been widely explored and is generally accepted by scholars. However, the significance of sex pheromones in shaping mate choice （sexual selection） and in competition over breeding resources （social se- lection） has been largely ignored. The effect of sexual selection on sex pheromones as a sexually dimorphic signaling trait has been discounted because the amount of pheromone released by females is typically minute, while the role of sex pheromones in competition over breeding resources （other than mates） has not yet been considered. As a result of natural selection, variation in sex pheromones among females is expected to be low, and males are not expected to choose their mates among phero- mone-releasing conspecific females. Sexual selection, on the other hand, should drive the increase in pheromone variance among females, and males are expected to choose females based on this variation. Moreover, social selection resulting from more general social interactions, for example competition among females for breeding sites and food, should also promote variance among female sex pheromones. Here, we review the cttrrent evidence for each of the three selection processes acting on sex pheromones of female moths as an advertising trait. We suggest that the three selection types are not mutually exclusive but rather act together to promote different fimess components in diverse ecological situations展开更多
为了探索蜀柏毒蛾Parocneria orienta Chao性信息素产生和释放规律,为利用性信息素监测和防治蜀柏毒蛾奠定基础,本研究在野外及室内温度22±1℃、相对湿度75%～80%、光周期14L∶10D条件下观察研究了蜀柏毒蛾成虫的羽化、求偶、交尾...为了探索蜀柏毒蛾Parocneria orienta Chao性信息素产生和释放规律,为利用性信息素监测和防治蜀柏毒蛾奠定基础,本研究在野外及室内温度22±1℃、相对湿度75%～80%、光周期14L∶10D条件下观察研究了蜀柏毒蛾成虫的羽化、求偶、交尾、产卵行为,触角电位反应测定处女雌蛾性信息素产生与释放的时辰节律。结果表明:蜀柏毒蛾羽化行为全天可见,主要集中在1:00-5:00,占总羽化量的44.94%,7:30-11:00进行婚飞和交尾,交尾高峰期出现在8:30左右,交配时间少则2h,多则8h,求偶、交配均发生在光期。随着日龄的增加,召唤时间前移并且延长,1日龄的处女雌蛾交尾时间较短;雌蛾羽化当天就可交尾,2日龄雌蛾交尾率最高,达36.67%。雌蛾分多处产卵,雌蛾一生最高产卵量达402粒,最低产卵量为78粒。羽化当天的雌蛾体内性信息素含量较低,第2天最高,以后逐日下降;2日龄蜀柏毒蛾处女雌蛾性信息素的产生量从7:00起逐渐增加,8:30-9:30时最高,9:30后逐渐减小。雄蛾对处女雌蛾腺体提取物的触角电位反应在8:30-9:00最强,说明8:30-9:00是雌蛾产生和释放性信息素的高峰期。蜀柏毒蛾的羽化、求偶、交尾及性信息素的产生与释放存在一定的时辰节律,野外处女雌蛾诱蛾试验证实了性信息素释放与交配行为在时辰节律上的一致性。展开更多
基金supported by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31372264)the Special Fund for Agro-Scientific Research in the Public Interest,China (201203036)
文摘Odorant binding proteins （OBPs） in insects are postulated to solubilize and transport the hydrophobic odorants across the hydrophilic antennal lymph to the olfactory receptors （ORs） located on the dendrite membrane of the sensory neurons. OBPs in adult insects have been intensively reported, but those in larvae are rarely addressed. In our study, a full-length OBP cDNA, namely SexiOBP13, was cloned by RT-PCR and RACE strategy from the heads of Spodoptera exigua larvae. The quantitative real-time PCR （qPCR） measurement indicated that SexiOBP13 was highly expressed in larval head, but very low in other parts of larva and was not detected in any tissues of adult. The binding affinities of SexiOBP13 to plant volatiles and female sex pheromone components were measured by competitive binding assays. Interestingly, SexiOBP13 displayed a high binding affinity （Ki=3.82 IJmol L-1） to Z9,E12-14：Ac, the major sex pheromone component of S. exigua, while low affinities to the tested host plant volatiles （Ki〉27 μmol L-l）. The behavioral tests further confirmed that Z9,E12-14：Ac was indeed active to elicit the behavioral activity of the third instar larvae of S. exigua. Taken together, our results suggest that SexiOBP13 may play a role in reception of female sex pheromone in S. exigua larvae. The ecological significance of the larvae preference to the adult female sex pheromone was discussed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32150410366,31972338,and 32372639)China Agriculture Research System(CARS-02-26)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFD1400700).
文摘Sex pheromones are considered to play critical roles in partner communication of most parasitic Hymenoptera.However,the identification of sex pheromone components remains limited to a few families of parasitoid wasps.In this study,we functionally characterized a candidate sex pheromone component in Microplitis mediator(Hymenoptera:Braconidae),a solitary parasitoid of Noctuidae insects.We found that the body surface extract from female wasps could significantly stimulate courtship behavior of males.Gas chromatography-electroantennographic detection(GC-EAD)analysis revealed that a candidate semiochemical from extract triggered significant electrophysiological response of antennae of males.By performing gas chromatography-mass spectrometer(GC-MS)measurement,GC-EAD active compound was identified as n-octyl acrylate,a candidate sex pheromone component in female M.mediator.In electroantennogram(EAG)tests,antennae of male wasps showed significantly higher electrophysiological responses to n-octyl acrylate than those of females.Y-tube olfactometer assays indicated that male wasps significantly chose n-octyl acrylate compared with the control.Furthermore,male wasps showed a remarkable preference for n-octyl acrylate in a simulated field condition behavioral trial;simultaneously,n-octyl acrylate standard could also trigger significant courtship behavior in males.We propose that n-octyl acrylate,as a candidate vital sex pheromone component,could be utilized to design behavioral regulators of M.mediator to implement the protection and utilization of natural enemies.
基金Supported by the Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. KSCX2-1-02)
文摘Microcapsules of sex pheromone of the diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) were synthesized through complex coacervation using gelatin and gum arabic as wall-forming materials. The encapsulated pheromone released from these microcapsules into the air was monitored over six weeks in the field. Results of a field trial show that the attractiveness of microcapsules was superior to that of rubber septa loaded with the same amount of pheromone. The mating disruption efficiency of the pheromone treatment was estimated through comparing numbers of moths captured in pheromone-baited traps placed in pheromone treatment fields and pesticide treatment fields. The estimated mating disruption efficiency of the pheromone treatments ranged from 76.94% to 98.67% during the season. This study shows that pheromone microcapsules might provide a new method for P. xylostella control.
文摘The role of female sex pheromones in natural selection, particularly as a means for species recognition to avoid the generation of hybrid offspring with low fitness, has been widely explored and is generally accepted by scholars. However, the significance of sex pheromones in shaping mate choice （sexual selection） and in competition over breeding resources （social se- lection） has been largely ignored. The effect of sexual selection on sex pheromones as a sexually dimorphic signaling trait has been discounted because the amount of pheromone released by females is typically minute, while the role of sex pheromones in competition over breeding resources （other than mates） has not yet been considered. As a result of natural selection, variation in sex pheromones among females is expected to be low, and males are not expected to choose their mates among phero- mone-releasing conspecific females. Sexual selection, on the other hand, should drive the increase in pheromone variance among females, and males are expected to choose females based on this variation. Moreover, social selection resulting from more general social interactions, for example competition among females for breeding sites and food, should also promote variance among female sex pheromones. Here, we review the cttrrent evidence for each of the three selection processes acting on sex pheromones of female moths as an advertising trait. We suggest that the three selection types are not mutually exclusive but rather act together to promote different fimess components in diverse ecological situations
文摘为了探索蜀柏毒蛾Parocneria orienta Chao性信息素产生和释放规律,为利用性信息素监测和防治蜀柏毒蛾奠定基础,本研究在野外及室内温度22±1℃、相对湿度75%～80%、光周期14L∶10D条件下观察研究了蜀柏毒蛾成虫的羽化、求偶、交尾、产卵行为,触角电位反应测定处女雌蛾性信息素产生与释放的时辰节律。结果表明:蜀柏毒蛾羽化行为全天可见,主要集中在1:00-5:00,占总羽化量的44.94%,7:30-11:00进行婚飞和交尾,交尾高峰期出现在8:30左右,交配时间少则2h,多则8h,求偶、交配均发生在光期。随着日龄的增加,召唤时间前移并且延长,1日龄的处女雌蛾交尾时间较短;雌蛾羽化当天就可交尾,2日龄雌蛾交尾率最高,达36.67%。雌蛾分多处产卵,雌蛾一生最高产卵量达402粒,最低产卵量为78粒。羽化当天的雌蛾体内性信息素含量较低,第2天最高,以后逐日下降;2日龄蜀柏毒蛾处女雌蛾性信息素的产生量从7:00起逐渐增加,8:30-9:30时最高,9:30后逐渐减小。雄蛾对处女雌蛾腺体提取物的触角电位反应在8:30-9:00最强,说明8:30-9:00是雌蛾产生和释放性信息素的高峰期。蜀柏毒蛾的羽化、求偶、交尾及性信息素的产生与释放存在一定的时辰节律,野外处女雌蛾诱蛾试验证实了性信息素释放与交配行为在时辰节律上的一致性。
