Previous research has implicated the involvement of androgens in sex-role orientation in males, from studies of 2nd to 4th digit ratio (a purported marker of prenatal testosterone). The present pilot study investigate...Previous research has implicated the involvement of androgens in sex-role orientation in males, from studies of 2nd to 4th digit ratio (a purported marker of prenatal testosterone). The present pilot study investigates the relationship between salivary testosterone levels and sex-role orientation using Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI) scores in adult males. Twenty-one males (aged 18-24) completed the BSRI and provided saliva samples for assay. BSRI Femininity scores were significantly negatively correlated with testosterone levels;the higher the Femininity scores, the lower the testosterone levels. There was no relation of BSRI Masculinity scores with testosterone levels. Our preliminary results add to the research suggesting that sex-role orientation in males may be partially related to underlying hormone levels.展开更多
Pollination networks are increasingly used to model the complexity of interactions between pollinators and flowering plants in communities.Different methods exist to sample these interactions,with direct observations ...Pollination networks are increasingly used to model the complexity of interactions between pollinators and flowering plants in communities.Different methods exist to sample these interactions,with direct observations of plant-pollinator contacts in the field being by far the most common.Although the identification of pollen carried by pollinators allows uncovering interactions and increasing sample sizes,the methods used to build pollen-transport networks are variable and their effect on network structure remains unclear.To understand how interaction sampling influences the structure of networks,we analyzed the pollen found on wild bees from eight communities across Mallorca Island and investigated the differences in pollen loads between bee body parts(scopa vs.body)and sexes.We then assessed how these differences,as well as the uncovered interactions not detected in the field,influenced the structure of wild bee-plant networks.We identified a higher quantity and diversity of pollen in the scopa than in the rest of the female body,but these differences did not lead to differences in structure between plant-pollination(excluding scopa pollen)and bee-feeding interaction(including scopa pollen)networks.However,networks built with pollen data were richer in plant species and interactions and showed lower modularity and specialization(H2'),and higher nestedness than visitation networks based on field observations.Female interactions with plants were stronger compared to those of males,although not richer.Accordingly,females were more generalist(low d')and tended to be more central in interaction networks,indicating their more key role structuring pollination networks in comparison to males.Our study highlights the importance of palynological data to increase the resolution of networks,as well as to understand important ecological questions such as the differences between plant-pollination and bee-feeding interaction networks,and the role of sexes in pollination.展开更多
目的:调查我国性别角色异性化大学生的分布情况。方法:采用问卷调查法,方便选取我国东、中、西部的27所高校,从每所高校的一至四年级大学生被试中随机整群取样,共选取了5008名学生。采用中国大学生性别角色调查量表(Chinese Sex-Ro le I...目的:调查我国性别角色异性化大学生的分布情况。方法:采用问卷调查法,方便选取我国东、中、西部的27所高校,从每所高校的一至四年级大学生被试中随机整群取样,共选取了5008名学生。采用中国大学生性别角色调查量表(Chinese Sex-Ro le Inventory,CSRI-50)进行调查。结果:(1)性别角色异性化者在大学生群体中所占比例为10.5%,其中男生性别角色异性化者(女性化男生)占男性被试的7.5%,女生性别角色异性化者(男性化女生)占女性被试的13.0%;女生性别角色异性化者多于男生(P(0.001);(2)男、女生性别刻板化者均多于性别角色异性化者(25.0%vs.7.5%,27.3%vs.13.0%;均P(0.001);(3)无论是男生还是女生,性别角色异性化者在年级间的差异均无统计学意义;(4)独生子女与非独生子女之间,男女性别角色异性化者检出率差异均无统计学意义(6.8%vs.7.3%,15.0%vs.13.2%;均P(0.05);(5)城镇学生男性化女生的比例高于乡村学生(15.6%vs.10.4%,P(0.001)。结论:性别角色异性化者在大学生中只占少数,且女生多于男生,性别刻板化者多于性别角色异性化者;大一至大四性别角色异性化者不存在年级的差异;城镇与乡村男生异性化者没有差异,而女生异性化者城镇多于乡村。展开更多
文摘Previous research has implicated the involvement of androgens in sex-role orientation in males, from studies of 2nd to 4th digit ratio (a purported marker of prenatal testosterone). The present pilot study investigates the relationship between salivary testosterone levels and sex-role orientation using Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI) scores in adult males. Twenty-one males (aged 18-24) completed the BSRI and provided saliva samples for assay. BSRI Femininity scores were significantly negatively correlated with testosterone levels;the higher the Femininity scores, the lower the testosterone levels. There was no relation of BSRI Masculinity scores with testosterone levels. Our preliminary results add to the research suggesting that sex-role orientation in males may be partially related to underlying hormone levels.
基金supported by the project CGL2017-89254-Rfinanced by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation,FEDER Funds and the Spanish State Research Agency,and by the project PRPPID2020-117863RB-100+3 种基金financed by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation and the Spanish State Research Agency(MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033)supported by an ERASMUS+grant program of the European Unionsupported by a FPI predoctoral contract financed by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness,the Spanish Research Agency,and European Social Funds(FPI PRE2018-083185,Call 2018)supported by a Ramón y Cajal(RYC-2015-19034)contract from the Spanish Ministry of Science,Innovation and Universities,the Spanish State Research Agency,European Social Funds(ESF invests in your future)and the University of the Balearic Islands.Center of Excellence‘Maria de Maetzu'(2023-2027)to IMEDEA.
文摘Pollination networks are increasingly used to model the complexity of interactions between pollinators and flowering plants in communities.Different methods exist to sample these interactions,with direct observations of plant-pollinator contacts in the field being by far the most common.Although the identification of pollen carried by pollinators allows uncovering interactions and increasing sample sizes,the methods used to build pollen-transport networks are variable and their effect on network structure remains unclear.To understand how interaction sampling influences the structure of networks,we analyzed the pollen found on wild bees from eight communities across Mallorca Island and investigated the differences in pollen loads between bee body parts(scopa vs.body)and sexes.We then assessed how these differences,as well as the uncovered interactions not detected in the field,influenced the structure of wild bee-plant networks.We identified a higher quantity and diversity of pollen in the scopa than in the rest of the female body,but these differences did not lead to differences in structure between plant-pollination(excluding scopa pollen)and bee-feeding interaction(including scopa pollen)networks.However,networks built with pollen data were richer in plant species and interactions and showed lower modularity and specialization(H2'),and higher nestedness than visitation networks based on field observations.Female interactions with plants were stronger compared to those of males,although not richer.Accordingly,females were more generalist(low d')and tended to be more central in interaction networks,indicating their more key role structuring pollination networks in comparison to males.Our study highlights the importance of palynological data to increase the resolution of networks,as well as to understand important ecological questions such as the differences between plant-pollination and bee-feeding interaction networks,and the role of sexes in pollination.
文摘目的:调查我国性别角色异性化大学生的分布情况。方法:采用问卷调查法,方便选取我国东、中、西部的27所高校,从每所高校的一至四年级大学生被试中随机整群取样,共选取了5008名学生。采用中国大学生性别角色调查量表(Chinese Sex-Ro le Inventory,CSRI-50)进行调查。结果:(1)性别角色异性化者在大学生群体中所占比例为10.5%,其中男生性别角色异性化者(女性化男生)占男性被试的7.5%,女生性别角色异性化者(男性化女生)占女性被试的13.0%;女生性别角色异性化者多于男生(P(0.001);(2)男、女生性别刻板化者均多于性别角色异性化者(25.0%vs.7.5%,27.3%vs.13.0%;均P(0.001);(3)无论是男生还是女生,性别角色异性化者在年级间的差异均无统计学意义;(4)独生子女与非独生子女之间,男女性别角色异性化者检出率差异均无统计学意义(6.8%vs.7.3%,15.0%vs.13.2%;均P(0.05);(5)城镇学生男性化女生的比例高于乡村学生(15.6%vs.10.4%,P(0.001)。结论:性别角色异性化者在大学生中只占少数,且女生多于男生,性别刻板化者多于性别角色异性化者;大一至大四性别角色异性化者不存在年级的差异;城镇与乡村男生异性化者没有差异,而女生异性化者城镇多于乡村。
