Control Effect and Cost Evaluation of Different Sex Pheromones and Trapping Lamps against Spodoptern litura,Helicoverpa assulta and Helicoverpa armigera in Tobacco

[ Objective] The aim was to study the control effect of different sex pheromones and trapping lamps against main pests in tobacco. [ Method] Control effect of sex pheromone of different matrix lures and Jiaduo trapping lamp against Spodoptern litura, Helicoverpa assulta and Helicoverpa armigera in tobacco in Teng- chong of Yunnan were determined and compared, and the control cast was evaluated. [Result] The use of insect sex pheromones and insecticidal light traps had certain effect against S. litura and H. armiger. The trapping effect of sex pheromone traps was better than that of Jiaduo trapping lamp, and the PVC matrix lure had better performance than rubber matrix lure, which had strongest capturing capacity, continuous control effect and significant effort against S. litura. The traps with different settled densities and hanging heights also had different trapping effect against S. litura and H. armiger, and the hanging height of 100 - 150 cm from ground was the best; as the cost was considered, the cast of the area with low density of traps was the lowest, which was reduced by over 44% than conventional chemical control area. [ Conclusion] It is safe and effective to use sex pheromone and insecticidal light traps to control S. litura and H. armigera, and it is a green environmental protection biological physical control technology, having extended application prospect in large area.

Suppression of Rice Stem Borer, Chilo suppressalis by Mass Trapping Using Synthetic Sex Pheromone in Paddy Field

Suppressing effects of mass trapping using synthetic sex pheromone with main active ingredients of Z-11-hexadecenal, Z-13-octadecenal and Z-9-hexadecenal on the rice stem borer, Chilo suppressalis were investigated during the flight periods of the overwintering and 1st generation in the paddy area of 60 ha in 1999. Population density of C. suppressalis in the pheromone-treated fields was lower than that in control. The egg masses decreased by 74.39% and population size of adult males of the 1st generation decreased by 61.64% in the treated fields as compared to control. Meanwhile, the damage by C. suppressalis larvae was significantly lower in the treated fields than control (t-test, P=0.05). Percentages of brownish leaf sheath, dead heart, and white head in the treated fields were decreased by 70.90%, 57.01% and 44.30%, respectively in contrast to control. The present study demonstrated that mass trapping to C. suppressalis using synthetic sex pheromone shows great potential as an alternative measure in an environment-friendly pest management and at the same challenging the insecticide use that has some environment impacts.

Control Effects of a New Sex Pheromone Trap and Biological Agents on Sesamia inferens Walker and Argyroploce schistaceana (Snellen)

This study was conducted to explore and seek high-efficiency and safe green control techniques on sugarcane borers,promote green control of diseases and pests of sugarcane and build a resource-conserving,environmentally friendly and sustainable governance system of diseases and pests of sugarcane.A new sex pheromone trap of sugarcane borers,abamectin· Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) and tebufenozide were selected and applied in field trials.The use of the new sex pheromone trap of sugarcane borers (6 traps/hm 2) in combination with 0.05% abamectin·10 billion active gemmae/g B.thuringiensis (Bt) WP (1.8 kg/hm 2) or new sex pheromone trap of sugarcane borers (6 traps/hm 2) in combination with 200 g/L tebufenozide SC (1.5 L/hm 2) were the best in the sugarcane production.New sex pheromone trap of sugarcane borers should be installed in early march,and biological agents were mixed with water 900 kg per hectare and sprayed evenly sugarcane plants at the beginning of April.Their control effects of dead heart rate and bored stalk rate could be more than 69.98% and 49.09%,respectively,which were superior to that of the control pesticide 3.6% bisultap GR (90 kg/hm 2).The results showed that new sex pheromone trap of sugarcane borers in combination with abamectin· B.thuringiensis (Bt) or tebufenozide was the optimum mode of green control techniques on sugarcane borers.When it was alternately or coordinately used with other technology,it could delay the emergence and development of drug resistance,and it was worthy of widespread popularization and application in sugarcane area.

Effects of Several Factors on Trapping Quantity of Grapholitha molesta Busck by Sex Pheromone

The key application technology for sex pheromone of Grapholitha molesta was studied from the aspects of different hanging heights and orientations, dif- ferent doses and types of traps through the tests on trapping quantity of G. molesta in fields. The results showed that the trapping effect was enhanced when the hanging height was increased, and the trapping effect was the best in west direction. The trapping effect was enhanced when the dosage was increased. When it was up to 6 lures, the trapping effect was the best with 38.75 head/trap; the next was 2 lures with 31.00 head/trap. All types of traps had trapping ability to G. mo- lesta, among which triangle trapper was the best, followed by self-made bottle trap. Their trapping effects were 138.75 and 100.25 head/trap, respectively.

Trapping Efficacy of Two Types of New Sex Lures for Athetis lepigone (Moschler) in Fields

[Objective]The paper was to compare trapping efficacy of two types of new sex lures for Athetis lepigone（Moschler）in fields.[Method]The trapping performance of two lures for A.lepigone was tested in Hongdong County of Shanxi Province of China from June 21 to August 20 in 2012.[Result]The average number of moths trapped by lure B was 2.49 times of that trapped by lure A during June 21and August 17,and the difference was significant.The maximum number of A.lepigone moth trapped by lure B at one basin within a single day reached 280,while that trapped by lure A was only 85.The validity of two lures in fields reached 58 d,basically consistent with seasonal dynamics of A.lepigone moth trapped by lures.[Conclusion]Lure B is of higher quality and could be recommended to apply in dynamic monitoring and trapping control against A.lepigone adults.

杀虫灯诱杀亚洲玉米螟和草地贪夜蛾的距离与性比研究

为明确杀虫灯对亚洲玉米螟Ostrinia furnacalis和草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda的杀虫效果,分别对2种害虫人工饲养的成虫进行颜色标记后,在距频振式太阳能杀虫灯不同距离处释放,根据杀虫灯下回收数量确定有效防控距离。同时对高空测报灯和自动虫情测报灯2种不同光源测报灯诱集到的2种害虫的性比进行分析。结果表明,在距杀虫灯15~45 m内,亚洲玉米螟的回收率随着距离的增加呈上升趋势,距灯45 m的回收率最高,为4.95%,在距离增加到60 m时,回收率显著下降。草地贪夜蛾在距灯30 m处的回收率为6.08%,随着离灯距离的增加,雌、雄蛾回收率均呈下降趋势,且回收的雌蛾比例减少。杀虫灯在1.2 m高度时对亚洲玉米螟的回收率高于1.5 m和1.8 m,3个高度雄蛾的回收率均高于雌蛾,随着高度增加,回收率下降,雌蛾的回收比例也呈下降趋势。高空测报灯和自动虫情测报灯捕获的2种害虫雌雄性比均低于0.45∶1,2种害虫的趋光性均存在雄性偏好。

Control Effect of Sex Pherom one Lure against the Asian Corn Borer( Ostrinia furnacalis) in Field

We studied the trapping effects on Ostrinia furnacalis from the aspects of different hanging heights and different color traps. The results suggested that the hanging height of 1.5 - 2.0 m received a better trapping effect, but trap color had little impact on trapping effect. The sex pheromone traps at different densities were placed in corn field. The results showed that sex pheromone lure could trap adult O. furnacalis, and it was feasible to apply sex pheromone in short term fore- cast. Meanwhile, it reduced the number of larvae and eggs, thereby reducing the damage of O. furnacalis. The lure number of 10 per hm2 was more appropriate, which could result in increasing yield of 8.61% compared with control

影响番茄潜叶蛾性信息素诱捕效果的因子分析

番茄潜叶蛾Tuta absoluta(Meyrick)可对番茄生长造成毁灭性的危害,性诱监测或群集诱杀是测报和防控的手段之一。本文通过提取、鉴定和分析云南西双版纳、四川西昌、内蒙赤峰和辽宁沈阳番茄潜叶蛾的性信息素组分及其配比,结合田间诱捕比较试验,分析了与性诱相关的主要因子对诱蛾活性的影响。结果显示,我国四个地点的番茄潜叶蛾性信息素组成没有显著差异,均由反3顺8顺11-十四碳三烯乙酸酯(E3,Z8,Z11-14:Ac)和反3顺8-十四碳二烯乙酸酯(E3,Z8-14:Ac)组成,其比例在100:2~100:12。田间诱捕比较试验表明,E3,Z8-14:Ac没有显著提高E3,Z8,Z11-14:Ac的引诱活性。性信息素化合物E3,Z8,Z11-14:Ac的纯度和剂量与诱蛾量密切相关,93%纯度的诱蛾量是82%纯度的2.48倍,以聚乙烯毛细管的灌液结构为基质的最佳性信息素剂量是900~1200μg。翅膀型粘胶诱捕器的诱蛾量是三角形粘胶诱捕器的2倍,最佳的诱捕器是搭配绿色盖板的翅膀型粘胶诱捕器,而盖板与粘胶板间的距离以6~9 cm最为理想。最佳的诱捕器设置高度是在泥土上(0 cm),随着诱捕器设置高度的提升,诱蛾量下降,诱捕器高于120 cm时,未诱捕到雄蛾。诱捕器在番茄大棚中的出口处和远离出口处位置对诱蛾量没有差异。研究结果可为性信息素应用于番茄潜叶蛾的田间监测和防控提供参考。

我国桃小食心虫性信息素应用技术研究进展

桃小食心虫(Carposina sasakii)是我国分布广泛的一种重要果树害虫,以蛀果为害,严重影响果实的产量和品质,给果业造成巨大的经济损失。本文就桃小食心虫的发生与危害、性信息素的鉴定与合成、监测诱捕与干扰交配应用技术方面进行了综述。桃小食心虫在我国大多数地区1 a发生1~2代,幼虫主要在树冠上部为害;其性信息素成分主要为顺-7-廿烯-11-酮和顺-7-十九烯-11-酮,人工合成产率从10%提高到60%;监测诱捕中建议使用150个·hm^(-2)的白色粘虫板配套船形诱捕器悬挂于树冠上部;干扰交配应用中建议使用迷向剂450~600个·hm^(-2)。并提出目前性信息素生产及应用中存在的问题,为全面了解桃小食心虫的研究进展和创新研究方向提供参考依据。

影响桃小食心虫性诱剂田间诱捕效率的几种因子的研究

考察影响桃小食心虫Carposina sasakii诱捕器诱捕效率的几种因子,结果表明,中捷四方性诱剂诱捕效率显著高于另一型号。3种诱捕器在诱捕效率上存在明显差异,船型诱捕器具有较高的监测效率。诱捕器诱捕半径以20～25m为最佳诱捕范围,与15m和30m的差异显著。地面植被覆盖程度对诱捕器诱捕效率有明显影响,且诱捕器在林冠层相对开放、同时无低矮灌木层条件下,易于发挥其诱捕作用。

我国农业害虫性诱监测技术的开发和应用

通过多年的实验室研究,结合从2009年开始的多地、多作物、多年田间试验示范,集中研究了与重要农业害虫性诱监测密切相关的性信息素配比和剂量、种专一性、微量组分、缓释、诱捕器结构及其应用技术,解决了性信息素种间细微差别、种内地理区系差异、信息素化合物的纯化以及稳定保护和缓慢均匀释放等影响测报精准度的关键问题,开发了适应昆虫飞行行为、利于捕获收集的系列诱捕器,配合组装了成套的田间应用技术,开发了性诱自动计数系统,简化了害虫诱获鉴定操作,促进了虫情自动化记载传递,丰富了弱光性害虫监测手段,从而在一定程度上实现了害虫监测预警轻简化、标准化、自动化。分析提出为促进性诱监测技术的发展,要建立性诱监测技术的科学评价体系,并在迁飞性害虫、同种害虫的不同地理种群监测中开辟性诱技术应用的新领域。

性诱剂在甘薯小象虫防治上的应用研究

甘薯小象虫是福建薯区重要的害虫。研究表明 ,甘薯小象虫在福州薯区年发生有 5个高峰期 ,分别在 4月中旬、 7月上旬、 8月中旬、 9月下旬和 10月下旬 ;甘薯小象虫性诱剂对雄成虫具有很强的引诱活性 ,持效期达 110d,引诱范围达 15 m ;选用橡皮塞诱芯、 2 %洗衣粉溶液和 1.2 5 L可乐瓶制作的诱捕器诱捕效果较佳 ,在莆田、惠安两地薯区进行周年诱捕结果 ,田间雄成虫数量分别下降了 5 5 .4%和 5 7.7% ,防治效果分别为 6 9.5 %和 72 .6 %。实践证明 ,应用甘薯小象虫性诱剂防治小象虫是一种简便、安全、有效的防治新方法。

苹果蠹蛾消长动态及果园中赤眼蜂释放技术的研究

【目的】明确果园中利用赤眼蜂防治苹果蠹蛾的田间释放技术。【方法】采用性诱剂诱捕法和寄主卵诱捕法,研究了苹果蠹蛾在阿拉尔地区的发生动态及人工繁殖赤眼蜂在果园生态环境中的自然扩散规律。【结果】苹果蠹蛾雄成虫在阿拉尔地区1年有4个发生高峰,有滞育现象,赤眼蜂在果园扩散距离可达16 m,但在2～8 m范围内赤眼蜂的寄生数量最多;随着放蜂次数的增加,其寄生率也在增加,但并非放蜂的次数越多越好。【结论】在该虫的防治策略上用苹果蠹蛾性诱芯捕杀雄蛾防治越冬代,化学防治重点在第一代幼虫;田间释放赤眼蜂重点在第二代,即7月下旬至8月上旬,放蜂2～3次,蜂卡间隔距离8 m为宜。

诱捕器类型、颜色及诱芯颜色对大豆食心虫引诱效果的影响

采用标准诱芯及合成化合物组配诱芯,比较了诱捕器的类型、颜色及诱芯颜色对大豆食心虫诱捕效果的影响。结果表明:粘胶板式(三角形、船形)和水盆式2种诱捕器类型及红色、深绿色、浅绿色、紫色、白色、黄色、棕色、蓝色8种三角板诱捕器颜色均对引诱活性无显著影响,而不同颜色诱芯对大豆食心虫的引诱效果影响较大,其中绿色诱芯引诱效果较好,显著优于蓝色、红色、灰色及橘色诱芯。因此,在田间应用时,建议优先选用绿色诱芯,并根据实际情况灵活选用不同类型的诱捕器。

性信息素诱捕器对槐小卷蛾雄蛾诱捕效果的影响

研究了性信息素诱捕器的颜色、形状、粘胶面积以及在树冠内放置的位置对槐小卷蛾Cydiatrasias(Meyrick)雄蛾诱捕效果的影响。结果表明 ,白、绿和黄 3种颜色的诱捕器的诱捕效果明显优于蓝颜色的诱捕效果 ;三角形诱捕器诱捕雄蛾的效果明显优于双层圆盘形和双层船形的诱捕效果 ;粘胶面积为 5 0 0 .0cm2 的三角形诱捕器的诱捕效果明显优于 2 5 0 .0cm2 和 16 6 .7cm2 的诱捕效果 ;悬挂于树冠中上部的诱捕器的诱捕效果明显优于悬挂于树冠中部及中下部的诱捕效果。在槐小卷蛾性信息素监测与防治系统中 ,悬挂在树冠中上部、粘胶面积为 5 0 0 .0cm2

用性信息素诱捕法防治槐小卷蛾研究

林间试验研究了用合成性信息素 (反 ,反 ) -8,1 0 -十二碳双烯 -1 -醇 (E8,E1 0 -1 2 :OH)和 (反 ,反 ) -8,1 0 -十二碳双烯乙酸酯 (E8,E1 0 -1 2 :Ac) (2 :3 )诱捕法防治行道树害虫槐小卷蛾 (Cydia trasias Meyrick)的防治效果。诱捕区长 5 0 0 m、宽40 m,三角形粘胶诱捕器悬挂在距地面约 3 m的国槐树侧枝上 ,诱捕器间距约 1 5 m,共悬挂 62个诱捕器。对照区长 2 5 0 m,与诱捕区相距 40 0 m。防治效果用活雌蛾诱捕器、粘翅活雌蛾交配率以及国槐叶柄和果荚的受害率进行评价。槐小卷蛾一年有 3次成虫发生高峰期 ,雌雄性比接近 1 :1。在诱捕区内 ,越冬代、第一代和第二代成虫发生期间分别诱集到雄蛾 2 2 68、2 1 49和 2 3 42头。在越冬代和第二代成虫发生盛期 ,诱捕区内活雌蛾诱捕器诱捕雄蛾的数量比对照区明显减少 (P<0 .0 1 )。诱捕区内粘翅雌蛾的交配率比对照下降 86.0 %。在第一代、第二代和第三代幼虫为害盛末期 ,诱捕区内叶柄及果荚被蛀率分别比对照降低 63 .5 1 %、68.47%和 73 .45 % (P<0 .0 1 )。试验结果表明 ,用合成性信息素诱捕法防治槐小卷蛾效果明显 ,前景广阔。

茶毛虫性信息素对茶毛虫防治效果研究

在贵州湄潭茶场和平坝茶场研究了茶毛虫性信息素引诱剂大面积诱杀茶毛虫的效果，结果表明，茶毛虫性信息素引诱剂以B型效果最好，42天内两地每盆每晚平均可诱到3.41头和7.51头，最高可诱到198头，大面积使用区内茶毛虫雌蛾怀卵量比对照区减少93.50%，卵块减少85.21% ，幼虫数量减少81.15%，说明茶毛虫性信息素引诱剂诱蛾效果非常明显。

用性信息素加农药诱杀器防治梨小食心虫的田间试验

在设计出性信息素加农药诱杀器后，以60、135、240、480个／km2诱杀器田间处理，看出以135个／km2诱杀器处理即有明显的防治效果。经在不同的虫口密度果园试验，以诱蛾量下降率、为害率和雌蛾交配率3项指标考察，该诱杀器1次挂出，在田间有效期达70～80天，取得了较理想防治效果。

水稻二化螟性信息素技术:大量诱捕二化螟的防治效果研究

应用二化螟性信息素 (3种主要组分为 Z11- 16 - Ald,Z13- 18- Ald和 Z9- 16 - Ald,剂量为 30 0 μg)对 6 0 hm2早稻田的越冬代和第一代二化螟成虫进行了大面积诱捕 ,田间采用绿色水盆诱捕器 ,布设密度为 2 5个 /hm2。对照区为 2 4 hm2种植者使用化学农药代替性信息素防治的水稻田 ,结果表明诱捕区的卵块数比对照区有明显下降 ,下降率为 74 .39% ;第一代二化螟成虫的发生量较对照区有明显下降 ,下降率为 6 1.4 1% ;诱捕区田间稻丛的百株枯鞘率、枯心率和白穗率比对照区有明显下降 ,下降率分别为 70 .90 %、5 7.0 1%和 4 4 .30 % ;诱捕区未使用农药 ,但防治效果好于对照区 (平均施药 1.2 4次 )

甜菜夜蛾性信息素的研究与应用

甜菜夜蛾Spodoptera exigua(Hbner)已成为我国的重要农业害虫,其高抗药性和危害具有隐蔽性,致使防治十分困难。文章介绍甜菜夜蛾性信息素的主要成分、活性、配比、诱芯剂型、诱捕器类型和利用性信息素监测、防治甜菜夜蛾技术的研究概况。认为改进现有技术后并应用于实际,将会更有效地监测和防治甜菜夜蛾的发生与危害。