Sex-determining region Y box-containing genes are transcription factors with roles in multiple biological processes, including cell differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis.Sex-determining region Y box-containing...Sex-determining region Y box-containing genes are transcription factors with roles in multiple biological processes, including cell differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis.Sex-determining region Y box-containing genes have also been shown to act as regulators and biomarkers in the progression of many different cancers, including gynecological cancers such as ovarian, cervical,and endometrial cancer.In this review, we summarize the contrasting regulatory roles of Sex-determining region Y box-containing genes in different gynecological cancers, as promotors with high expression levels or as suppressors with low expression levels.Expression levels of Sex-determining region Y box-containing genes were also identified as biomarkers of clinical features, including International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage, histopathologic grade together with disease-free survival, and treatment efficacy in patients with gynecological cancers.An understanding of the mechanisms whereby Sex-determining region Y box-containing genes regulate the progression of gynecological cancers will aid in the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, while analysis of Sex-determining region Y box-containing expression levels will help to predict the prognosis of patients with gynecological cancers.展开更多
Objective： To gain insight into the mechanism by which sex-determining region of Y chromosome （SRY）-related high-mobility-group box 2 （SOX2） involved in carcinogenesis and cancer stem cells （CSCs）. Data Sources...Objective： To gain insight into the mechanism by which sex-determining region of Y chromosome （SRY）-related high-mobility-group box 2 （SOX2） involved in carcinogenesis and cancer stem cells （CSCs）. Data Sources： The data used in this review were mainly published in English from 2000 to present obtained from PubMed. The search terms were ＂SOX2,＂ ＂cancer,＂ ＂tumor＂ or ＂CSCs.＂ Study Selection： Articles studying the mitochondria-related pathologic mechanism and treatment of glaucoma were selected and reviewed. Results： SOX2, a transcription factor that is the key in maintaining pluripotent properties of stem cells, is a member of SRV-related high-mobility group domain proteins. SOX2 participates in many biological processes, such as modulation of cell proliferation, regulation of cell death signaling, cell apoptosis, and most importantly, tumor formation and development. Although SOX2 has been implicated in the biology of various tumors and CSCs, the findings are highly controversial, and information regarding the underlying mechanism remains limited. Moreover, the mechanism by which SOX2 involved in carcinogenesis and tumor progression is rather unclear yet. Conclusions： Here, we review the important biological functions of SOX2 in different tumors and CSCs, and the function of SOX2 signaling in the pathobiology ofneoplasia, such as Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, Hippo signaling pathway, Survivin signaling pathway, P13K/Akt signaling pathway, and so on. Targeting towards SOX2 may be an effective therapeutic strategy for cancer therapy.展开更多
Objective Primary ovarian small cell carcinoma of pulmonary type(SCCOPT)is a rare ovarian tumor with a poor prognosis.The platinum-based chemotherapy is the standard treatment.However,there is little research on the c...Objective Primary ovarian small cell carcinoma of pulmonary type(SCCOPT)is a rare ovarian tumor with a poor prognosis.The platinum-based chemotherapy is the standard treatment.However,there is little research on the clinical characteristics of SCCOPT and the potential benefits of other treatments due to its low incidence.The study aims to investigate clinicopathological characteristics and treatment of SCCOPT.Methods We summarized the clinical,imaging,laboratorical and pathological characteristics of 37 SCCOPT cases,in which 6 cases were admitted to the Gansu Provincial Hospital from the year of 2008 to 2022 and 31 cases reported in 17 English and 3 Chinese literatures.Results The median age of the studied SCCOPT cases(n=37)was 56.00(range,22-80)years.Almost 80%of them had a stageⅢorⅣtumor.All patients underwent an operation and postoperative chemotherapy.Nevertheless,all cases had a poor prognosis,with a median overall survival time of 12 months.Immunohistochemical y,the SCCOPT of all patients showed positive expressions of epithelial markers,such as CD56 and sex-determining region of Y chromosome-related high-mobility-group box 2(SOX-2),and negative expressions of estrogen receptor,progesterone receptor,vimentin,Leu-7,and somatostatin receptor 2.The tumor of above 80%cases expressed synaptophysin.Only a few cases expressed neuron-specific enolase,chromogranin A,and thyroid transcription factor-1.Conclusions SCCOPT had a poor prognosis.SOX-2 could be a biomarker to be used to diagnose SCCOPT.展开更多
Objective To determine the incidence of azoospermia faetor （AZF） microdeletions of Y chromosome in male infertility and to investigate the mechanism of sex-determining region Y （SRY） in sex differentiation. Method...Objective To determine the incidence of azoospermia faetor （AZF） microdeletions of Y chromosome in male infertility and to investigate the mechanism of sex-determining region Y （SRY） in sex differentiation. Methods The mierodeletion of AZF was detected by multiplex polymerase chain reaction （PCR） using Y-chromosome specific sequence tagged sites （STSs）, and SRY was analyzed by PCR and sequencing. Results There were 100 cases with AZF microdeletion and the ratio of AZF microdeletion was 6.8% over all 1 474 cases. The ratios of AZF microdeletion of azoospermia group and severe oligozoospermia group were 9.0% and 7.1%, respectively, which was significantly different from oligozoospermia group （P〈 0. 05）. There were 67 cases with 5 STSs mierodeletion of sY152, sY239, sY243, sY254 and sY255. There were 20 cases with long fragment deletion more than 10 STSs, and the patterns of AZF microdeletion in other 13 cases were rare. In all 9 patients with disorders of sex differentiation, there were 6patients with SRY-absent and AZF-absent. There was no mutation of SRY gene by sequencing in other 3 patients with SRY-positive. Conclusion Deletions in AZF region of Y chromosome are specific with diagnoses with spermatogenesis disorder. Deletions of sY152, sY239, sY243, sY254 and sY255 occur the most frequently. SRY was an important candidate gene of testis-determining factor （TDF） gene.展开更多
Disorders of sex development often arise from anomalies in the molecular or cellular networks that guide the differentiation of the embryonic gonad into either a testis or an ovary, two functionally distinct organs. T...Disorders of sex development often arise from anomalies in the molecular or cellular networks that guide the differentiation of the embryonic gonad into either a testis or an ovary, two functionally distinct organs. The activation of the Y-linked gene Sry （sex- determining region Y） and its downstream target Sox9 （Sry box-containing gene 9） triggers testis differentiation by stimulating the differentiation of Sertoli cells, which then direct testis morphogenesis. Once engaged, a genetic pathway promotes the testis development while actively suppressing genes involved in ovarian development. This review focuses on the events of testis determination and the struggle to maintain male fate in the face of antagonistic pressure from the underlying female programme.展开更多
目的追踪骨髓间充质干细胞(bone mesenchymal stem cells,BMSCs)在溃疡性结肠炎大鼠模型体内的归巢情况,为BMSCs移植治疗溃疡性结肠炎提供实验基础。方法体外培养扩增Sprague-Dawley(SD)雄性大鼠BMSCs,流式细胞术鉴定BMSCs,采用慢病毒...目的追踪骨髓间充质干细胞(bone mesenchymal stem cells,BMSCs)在溃疡性结肠炎大鼠模型体内的归巢情况,为BMSCs移植治疗溃疡性结肠炎提供实验基础。方法体外培养扩增Sprague-Dawley(SD)雄性大鼠BMSCs,流式细胞术鉴定BMSCs,采用慢病毒载体介导的绿色荧光蛋白(green fluorescent protein,GFP)技术(lentivirus-GFP)对BMSCs进行荧光蛋白标记(Ad-GFP-BMSCs)。SD雌性大鼠被随机分为3组:空白组、模型组、Ad-GFP-BMSCs组。2,4,6-三硝基苯磺酸(2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid,TNBS)诱导溃疡性结肠炎,疾病活动指数(disease activity index,DAI)对各组大鼠进行评估,采用性别交叉移植的方法,尾静脉注射Ad-GFP-BMSCs于雌性大鼠体内,1周后收集结肠标本,对结肠标本进行病理学评估,免疫荧光检测结肠组织GFP表达,PCR检测Y染色体的性别决定区(sex-determining region on the Y chromosome,SRY)基因。结果 TNBS能成功诱导溃疡性结肠炎,与模型组相比,Ad-GFP-BMSCs组DAI评分显著下降(P<0.05)。Lentivirus-GFP成功标记SD大鼠的BMSCs,转染后BMSCs能够稳定表达GFP蛋白,尾静脉注射1周,Ad-GFP-BMSCs组免疫荧光可检测到GFP表达,PCR可检测出SRY基因,空白组和模型组无GFP和SRY基因表达。结论慢病毒载体介导的GFP转染技术和SRY基因可以追踪移植的BMSCs,而且BMSCs通过尾静脉注射可以归巢于受损的结肠组织,这可能为BMSCs移植治疗溃疡性结肠炎提供实验基础。展开更多
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.81572568 and 81272863)
文摘Sex-determining region Y box-containing genes are transcription factors with roles in multiple biological processes, including cell differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis.Sex-determining region Y box-containing genes have also been shown to act as regulators and biomarkers in the progression of many different cancers, including gynecological cancers such as ovarian, cervical,and endometrial cancer.In this review, we summarize the contrasting regulatory roles of Sex-determining region Y box-containing genes in different gynecological cancers, as promotors with high expression levels or as suppressors with low expression levels.Expression levels of Sex-determining region Y box-containing genes were also identified as biomarkers of clinical features, including International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage, histopathologic grade together with disease-free survival, and treatment efficacy in patients with gynecological cancers.An understanding of the mechanisms whereby Sex-determining region Y box-containing genes regulate the progression of gynecological cancers will aid in the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, while analysis of Sex-determining region Y box-containing expression levels will help to predict the prognosis of patients with gynecological cancers.
基金This study was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 81172234） and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China.
文摘Objective： To gain insight into the mechanism by which sex-determining region of Y chromosome （SRY）-related high-mobility-group box 2 （SOX2） involved in carcinogenesis and cancer stem cells （CSCs）. Data Sources： The data used in this review were mainly published in English from 2000 to present obtained from PubMed. The search terms were ＂SOX2,＂ ＂cancer,＂ ＂tumor＂ or ＂CSCs.＂ Study Selection： Articles studying the mitochondria-related pathologic mechanism and treatment of glaucoma were selected and reviewed. Results： SOX2, a transcription factor that is the key in maintaining pluripotent properties of stem cells, is a member of SRV-related high-mobility group domain proteins. SOX2 participates in many biological processes, such as modulation of cell proliferation, regulation of cell death signaling, cell apoptosis, and most importantly, tumor formation and development. Although SOX2 has been implicated in the biology of various tumors and CSCs, the findings are highly controversial, and information regarding the underlying mechanism remains limited. Moreover, the mechanism by which SOX2 involved in carcinogenesis and tumor progression is rather unclear yet. Conclusions： Here, we review the important biological functions of SOX2 in different tumors and CSCs, and the function of SOX2 signaling in the pathobiology ofneoplasia, such as Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, Hippo signaling pathway, Survivin signaling pathway, P13K/Akt signaling pathway, and so on. Targeting towards SOX2 may be an effective therapeutic strategy for cancer therapy.
文摘Objective Primary ovarian small cell carcinoma of pulmonary type(SCCOPT)is a rare ovarian tumor with a poor prognosis.The platinum-based chemotherapy is the standard treatment.However,there is little research on the clinical characteristics of SCCOPT and the potential benefits of other treatments due to its low incidence.The study aims to investigate clinicopathological characteristics and treatment of SCCOPT.Methods We summarized the clinical,imaging,laboratorical and pathological characteristics of 37 SCCOPT cases,in which 6 cases were admitted to the Gansu Provincial Hospital from the year of 2008 to 2022 and 31 cases reported in 17 English and 3 Chinese literatures.Results The median age of the studied SCCOPT cases(n=37)was 56.00(range,22-80)years.Almost 80%of them had a stageⅢorⅣtumor.All patients underwent an operation and postoperative chemotherapy.Nevertheless,all cases had a poor prognosis,with a median overall survival time of 12 months.Immunohistochemical y,the SCCOPT of all patients showed positive expressions of epithelial markers,such as CD56 and sex-determining region of Y chromosome-related high-mobility-group box 2(SOX-2),and negative expressions of estrogen receptor,progesterone receptor,vimentin,Leu-7,and somatostatin receptor 2.The tumor of above 80%cases expressed synaptophysin.Only a few cases expressed neuron-specific enolase,chromogranin A,and thyroid transcription factor-1.Conclusions SCCOPT had a poor prognosis.SOX-2 could be a biomarker to be used to diagnose SCCOPT.
文摘Objective To determine the incidence of azoospermia faetor （AZF） microdeletions of Y chromosome in male infertility and to investigate the mechanism of sex-determining region Y （SRY） in sex differentiation. Methods The mierodeletion of AZF was detected by multiplex polymerase chain reaction （PCR） using Y-chromosome specific sequence tagged sites （STSs）, and SRY was analyzed by PCR and sequencing. Results There were 100 cases with AZF microdeletion and the ratio of AZF microdeletion was 6.8% over all 1 474 cases. The ratios of AZF microdeletion of azoospermia group and severe oligozoospermia group were 9.0% and 7.1%, respectively, which was significantly different from oligozoospermia group （P〈 0. 05）. There were 67 cases with 5 STSs mierodeletion of sY152, sY239, sY243, sY254 and sY255. There were 20 cases with long fragment deletion more than 10 STSs, and the patterns of AZF microdeletion in other 13 cases were rare. In all 9 patients with disorders of sex differentiation, there were 6patients with SRY-absent and AZF-absent. There was no mutation of SRY gene by sequencing in other 3 patients with SRY-positive. Conclusion Deletions in AZF region of Y chromosome are specific with diagnoses with spermatogenesis disorder. Deletions of sY152, sY239, sY243, sY254 and sY255 occur the most frequently. SRY was an important candidate gene of testis-determining factor （TDF） gene.
文摘Disorders of sex development often arise from anomalies in the molecular or cellular networks that guide the differentiation of the embryonic gonad into either a testis or an ovary, two functionally distinct organs. The activation of the Y-linked gene Sry （sex- determining region Y） and its downstream target Sox9 （Sry box-containing gene 9） triggers testis differentiation by stimulating the differentiation of Sertoli cells, which then direct testis morphogenesis. Once engaged, a genetic pathway promotes the testis development while actively suppressing genes involved in ovarian development. This review focuses on the events of testis determination and the struggle to maintain male fate in the face of antagonistic pressure from the underlying female programme.
文摘目的追踪骨髓间充质干细胞(bone mesenchymal stem cells,BMSCs)在溃疡性结肠炎大鼠模型体内的归巢情况,为BMSCs移植治疗溃疡性结肠炎提供实验基础。方法体外培养扩增Sprague-Dawley(SD)雄性大鼠BMSCs,流式细胞术鉴定BMSCs,采用慢病毒载体介导的绿色荧光蛋白(green fluorescent protein,GFP)技术(lentivirus-GFP)对BMSCs进行荧光蛋白标记(Ad-GFP-BMSCs)。SD雌性大鼠被随机分为3组:空白组、模型组、Ad-GFP-BMSCs组。2,4,6-三硝基苯磺酸(2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid,TNBS)诱导溃疡性结肠炎,疾病活动指数(disease activity index,DAI)对各组大鼠进行评估,采用性别交叉移植的方法,尾静脉注射Ad-GFP-BMSCs于雌性大鼠体内,1周后收集结肠标本,对结肠标本进行病理学评估,免疫荧光检测结肠组织GFP表达,PCR检测Y染色体的性别决定区(sex-determining region on the Y chromosome,SRY)基因。结果 TNBS能成功诱导溃疡性结肠炎,与模型组相比,Ad-GFP-BMSCs组DAI评分显著下降(P<0.05)。Lentivirus-GFP成功标记SD大鼠的BMSCs,转染后BMSCs能够稳定表达GFP蛋白,尾静脉注射1周,Ad-GFP-BMSCs组免疫荧光可检测到GFP表达,PCR可检测出SRY基因,空白组和模型组无GFP和SRY基因表达。结论慢病毒载体介导的GFP转染技术和SRY基因可以追踪移植的BMSCs,而且BMSCs通过尾静脉注射可以归巢于受损的结肠组织,这可能为BMSCs移植治疗溃疡性结肠炎提供实验基础。
