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Degree of shade tolerance shapes seasonality of chlorophyll, nitrogen and phosphorus levels of trees and herbs in a temperate deciduous forest
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作者 Jiajia Zeng Fan Liu +5 位作者 Yuan Zhu Jiayi Li Ying Ruan Xiankui Quan Chuankuan Wang Xingchang Wang 《Journal of Forestry Research》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第4期60-72,共13页
Forest productivity is closely linked to seasonal variations and vertical differentiation in leaf traits.However,leaf structural and chemical traits variation among co-existing species,and plant functional types withi... Forest productivity is closely linked to seasonal variations and vertical differentiation in leaf traits.However,leaf structural and chemical traits variation among co-existing species,and plant functional types within the canopy are poorly quantified.In this study,the seasonality of leaf chlorophyll,nitrogen(N),and phosphorus(P)were quantified vertically along the canopy of four major tree species and two types of herbs in a temperate deciduous forest.The role of shade tolerance in shaping the seasonal variation and vertical differentiation was examined.During the entire season,chlorophyll content showed a distinct asymmetric unimodal pattern for all species,with greater chlorophyll levels in autumn than in spring,and the timing of peak chlorophyll per leaf area gradually decreased as shade tolerance increased.Chlorophyll a:b ratios gradually decreased with increasing shade tolerance.Leaf N and P contents sharply declined during leaf expansion,remained steady in the mature stage and decreased again during leaf senescence.Over the seasons,the lower canopy layer had significantly higher chlorophyll per leaf mass but not chlorophyll per leaf area than the upper canopy layer regardless of degree of shade tolerance.However,N and P per leaf area of intermediate shade-tolerant and fully shade-tolerant tree species were significantly higher in the upper canopy than in the lower.Seasonal variations in N:P ratios suggest changes in N or P limitation.These findings indicate that shade tolerance is a key feature shaping inter-specific differences in leaf chlorophyll,N,and P contents as well as their seasonality in temperate deciduous forests,which have significant implications for modeling leaf photosynthesis and ecosystem production. 展开更多
关键词 Leaf traits Leaf nutrients Seasonal variations CHLOROPHYLL Nitrogen Phosphorus shade tolerance Canopy layers
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女性主义翻译理论视域下Dance of the Happy Shades李玉瑶汉译本研究
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作者 曹乐乐 乔琼 《英语广场(学术研究)》 2023年第34期3-7,共5页
Dance of the Happy Shades是加拿大作家艾丽斯·门罗的成名作,该部描写女性题材的短篇小说集历时15年完成于1968年出版,荣获加拿大最高文学奖项——总督奖。目前,我国有部分学者从图里翻译规范理论出发对Dance of the Happy Shade... Dance of the Happy Shades是加拿大作家艾丽斯·门罗的成名作,该部描写女性题材的短篇小说集历时15年完成于1968年出版,荣获加拿大最高文学奖项——总督奖。目前,我国有部分学者从图里翻译规范理论出发对Dance of the Happy Shades进行了汉译本对比研究,而从女性主义翻译理论出发的研究有待拓展。本文以李玉瑶汉译本为研究对象,从女性主义翻译理论视域出发,探讨女性译者如何在翻译中体现女性主义翻译意识,从而帮助读者进一步理解原著。 展开更多
关键词 Dance of the Happy shades 女性主义翻译理论 翻译策略
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Diff erences in pigment circadian rhythmicity in greenand red-leafed tree species in the sun and shade
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作者 Ermes Lo Piccolo Giulia Lauria +5 位作者 Giulia Bongi Lucia Guidi Marian Brestic Damiano Remorini Rossano Massai Marco Landi 《Journal of Forestry Research》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2023年第3期693-704,共12页
Light fl ux and quality are crucial factor for setting endogenous plant circadian rhythms.Evaluating the daily rhythmicity of leaf chlorophyll content is an eff ective method to monitor the plant physiological endogen... Light fl ux and quality are crucial factor for setting endogenous plant circadian rhythms.Evaluating the daily rhythmicity of leaf chlorophyll content is an eff ective method to monitor the plant physiological endogenous clock in response to environmental signals such as light availability/quality.Here,we used a leaf-clip sensor to monitor diurnal rhythms in the content of chlorophyll and fl avonoids such as fl avonols and anthocyanins in three green-(Ailanthus altissima,Tilia platyphyllos and Platanus×acerifolia)and two red-leafed(Acer platanoides cv.Crimson King and Prunus cerasifera var.pissardii)tree species,adapted to sun(L)or shade(S).Signifi cant diff erences in chlorophyll content(Chl)and its variations during the day were observed among treatments in all the analyzed species.S-plants had more Chl than L-plants irrespective of leaf color,and Chl variations were more distinct during the day than in L-plants.In particular,contents were lowest in the morning(9:00)and in the middle of the day(at 12:00 and 15:00),and the highest at dusk(21:00).The less evident trends in Chl variation in L-plants were attributed to a decrease in Chl content in high light,which likely masked any increases in the shaded counterparts during the afternoon.Daily fl avonol levels did not vary no notably during the day.In sun-exposed red leaves,anthocyanins partially screened mesophyll cells from incident light,and its levels were similar to the Chl dynamics in the shaded counterparts.This study provides new bases for further work on endogenous rhythms of plant pigments and improves our understanding of plant physiology in the context of day/night rhythmicity. 展开更多
关键词 Anthocyanins Chlorophylls Circadian clock FLAVONOLS shade syndrome
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Maize cryptochromes 1a1 and 1a2 promote seedling photomorphogenesis and shade resistance in Zea mays and Arabidopsis
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作者 Xiaocong Fan Shizhan Chen +12 位作者 Wenjing Wu Meifang Song Guanghua Sun Shuaitao Yao Weimin Zhan Lei Yan Hongdan Li Yanpei Zhang Lijian Wang Kang Zhang Liangliang Jiang Jianping Yang Qinghua Yang 《The Crop Journal》 SCIE CSCD 2023年第4期1192-1203,共12页
Maize growth and development are regulated by light quality,intensity and photoperiod.Cryptochromes are blue/ultraviolet-A light receptors involved in stem elongation,shade avoidance,and photoperiodic flowering.To inv... Maize growth and development are regulated by light quality,intensity and photoperiod.Cryptochromes are blue/ultraviolet-A light receptors involved in stem elongation,shade avoidance,and photoperiodic flowering.To investigate the function of cryptochrome 1(CRY1) in maize,where it is encoded by Zm CRY1,we obtained two Zm CRY1a genes(Zm CRY1a1 and Zm CRY1a2),both of which share the highest similarity with other gramineous plants,in particular rice CRY1a by phylogenetic analysis.In Arabidopsis,overexpression of Zm CRY1a genes promoted seedling de-etiolation under blue and white light,resulting in dwarfing of mature plants.In seedlings of the maize inbred line Zong 31(Zm CRY1aOE),overexpression of Zm CRY1a genes caused a reduction in the mesocotyl and first leaf sheath lengths due to down-regulation of genes influencing cell elongation.In mature transgenic maize plants,plant height,ear height,and internode length decreased in response to overexpression of Zm CRY1a genes.Expression of Zm CRY1a were insensitive to low blue light(LBL)-induced shade avoidance syndrome(SAS) in Arabidopsis and maize.This prompted us to investigate the regulatory role of the gibberellin and auxin metabolic pathways in the response of Zm CRY1a genes to LBL treatment.We confirmed a link between Zm CRY1a expression and hormonal influence on the growth and development of maize under LBL-induced SAS.These results reveal that Zm CRY1a has a relatively conservative function in regulating maize photomorphogenesis and may guide new strategies for breeding high density-tolerant maize cultivars. 展开更多
关键词 Zea mays L.Cryptochrome PHOTOMORPHOGENESIS shade avoidance syndrome Hormone
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X-Rite’s ShadeVision System与Vitapan Classical比色板的匹配性分析 被引量:2
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作者 林芝 刘丽 +2 位作者 朱形好 丁熙 Y Li 《现代口腔医学杂志》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2007年第5期523-524,共2页
目的X-Rite’sShadeVision System和Vitapan Classical比色板的匹配性。方法采用X-Rite’sShadeVision System对Vitapan Classical比色板进行测色。结果X-Rite’s ShadeVision System测量结果排序与原排序一致,排列差异最大有6个色片的... 目的X-Rite’sShadeVision System和Vitapan Classical比色板的匹配性。方法采用X-Rite’sShadeVision System对Vitapan Classical比色板进行测色。结果X-Rite’s ShadeVision System测量结果排序与原排序一致,排列差异最大有6个色片的差距。相邻比色板的色差ΔEab参差不齐,最大的色差6.92,而最小的色差只有1.21。结论X-Rite’s ShadeVision System与Vitapan Classical比色板不完全匹配。 展开更多
关键词 测色 X-Rite's shade Vision System 比色板
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A New Flower Pollination Algorithm Strategy for MPPT of Partially Shaded Photovoltaic Arrays
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作者 Muhannad J.Alshareef 《Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing》 2023年第12期297-313,共17页
Photovoltaic(PV)systems utilize maximum power point tracking(MPPT)controllers to optimize power output amidst varying environmental conditions.However,the presence of multiple peaks resulting from partial shading pose... Photovoltaic(PV)systems utilize maximum power point tracking(MPPT)controllers to optimize power output amidst varying environmental conditions.However,the presence of multiple peaks resulting from partial shading poses a challenge to the tracking operation.Under partial shade conditions,the global maximum power point(GMPP)may be missed by most traditional maximum power point tracker.The flower pollination algorithm(FPA)and particle swarm optimization(PSO)are two examples of metaheuristic techniques that can be used to solve the issue of failing to track the GMPP.This paper discusses and resolves all issues associated with using the standard FPA method as the MPPT for PV systems.The first issue is that the initial values of pollen are determined randomly at first,which can lead to premature convergence.To minimize the convergence time and enhance the possibility of detecting the GMPP,the initial pollen values were modified so that they were near the expected peak positions.Secondly,in the modified FPA,population fitness and switch probability values both influence swapping between two-mode optimization,which may improve the flower pollination algorithm’s tracking speed.The performance of the modified flower pollination algorithm(MFPA)is assessed through a comparison with the perturb and observe(P&O)method and the standard FPA method.The simulation results reveal that under different partial shading conditions,the tracking time for MFPA is 0.24,0.24,0.22,and 0.23 s,while for FPA,it is 0.4,0.35,0.45,and 0.37 s.Additionally,the simulation results demonstrate that MFPA achieves higher MPPT efficiency in the same four partial shading conditions,with values of 99.98%,99.90%,99.93%,and 99.26%,compared to FPA with MPPT efficiencies of 99.93%,99.88%,99.91%,and 99.18%.Based on the findings from simulations,the proposed method effectively and accurately tracks the GMPP across a diverse set of environmental conditions. 展开更多
关键词 Flower pollination algorithm(FPA) maximum power point tracking(MPPT) partial shading conditions(PSCs) photovoltaic(PV)system
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不同角度对X-Rite’s Shade Vision系统测量结果的影响 被引量:1
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作者 林芝 张秀华 +3 位作者 刘丽 朱形好 郑顺友 Y.LI 《口腔医学》 CAS 2006年第5期363-367,共5页
目的观察不同角度对X-Rite’s ShadeVision系统测量比色板结果的影响。方法将一副新的Vita16色比色板固定在粉红色的蜡中。X-Rite’s ShadeVision系统分别在平行于比色板唇面,5°、10°、15°向左右侧和切向、龈向倾斜时测... 目的观察不同角度对X-Rite’s ShadeVision系统测量比色板结果的影响。方法将一副新的Vita16色比色板固定在粉红色的蜡中。X-Rite’s ShadeVision系统分别在平行于比色板唇面,5°、10°、15°向左右侧和切向、龈向倾斜时测量颜色,以L*,a*,b*及Vita16色比色板色片颜色表示测量结果。计算ΔL,Δa,Δb和ΔE*ab,数据用单因素方差分析。结果向右倾斜5°、10°、15°时L*值分别减少0.22,0.97和0.93,而向左倾斜L*增加;垂直向角度改变时,L*值增加;最大的ΔL值在向龈向倾斜15°(2.84)和向切向倾斜15°(2.37),这导致相应位置出现最大的ΔE*ab(3.22±0.37)和(2.50±0.63),15°向左和右倾斜时,ΔE*ab分别为1.87±0.59和1.20±0.25。与其他位置比较,向龈向和切向15°时,ΔE*ab明显高(P<0.05)。结论X-Rite’sShadeVision测量时,正确的测量位置对获得准确的测量结果非常重要,角度的偏移,尤其是垂直向的倾斜会影响测量结果。 展开更多
关键词 X—Rite’s shadeVision系统 测量 比色板
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A study on the shade tolerance of Muehlewbeckia complera
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作者 岳桦 关学瑞 姜斌斌 《Journal of Forestry Research》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2004年第1期83-85,J004,共4页
Muehlewbeckia complera was introduced to China in 2002 as indoor-hanging ornamental foliage plant. The experiment of the shade tolerance for this species was carried out in different light intensities (0.14–946.00 μ... Muehlewbeckia complera was introduced to China in 2002 as indoor-hanging ornamental foliage plant. The experiment of the shade tolerance for this species was carried out in different light intensities (0.14–946.00 μmol·m?2·s?1). After 40 days in experimental areas, leaf photosynthentic characteristics indexes ofM. complera in different photosynthesis active radiation (PAR) were measured with LI-COR6400 apparatus, such as the light compensation point, light saturation point, and maximum net photosynthesis rate, at the same time, the increments of total leaf area and leaf amount were measured. The results showed that the optimum light intensity range forM. complera was from 9.26 μmol·m?2·s?1 to 569.00 μmol·m?2·s?1 (463–28150 lx, relative humidity (RH) for 46–60%, temperature at 16–22°C). Under this condition, leaf photosynthetic efficiency was tiptop. AlthoughM. complera belonged to the moderate sun-adaptation plant species, the plant growth was inhibited when PAR increased to the level of 569.000 μmol·m?2·s?1 or above.M. complera could sprout new leaves in photosynthesis active radiation of 0.16–19.22 μmol·m?2·s?1 (8–961 lx), or 10 μmol·m?2·s?1 for above 6 h. Keywords Muehlewbeckia complera - Shade tolerance - Cultivation - Photosynthesis CLC number S602.1 Document code A Foundation item: This study was supported by the Research Foundation of Northeast Forestry University.Biography: YUE Hua (1962-), female, Associate professor in Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, P. R. China.Responsible editor: Zhu Hong 展开更多
关键词 Muehlewbeckia complera shade tolerance CULTIVATION PHOTOSYNTHESIS
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SHADE协调机制在亚丁湾、索马里海域护航中的作用
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作者 张萍 苏敏 《海军工程大学学报(综合版)》 2011年第4期66-70,共5页
"信息共享与防止冲突"(简称SHADE)这一军事协调会议为国际社会开展多边合作实施海上护航提供了平台。通过梳理SHADE协调机制产生的背景及运作方式,并以第14次工作会议为例,分析了SHADE这一国际协调机制在打击索马里海盗、维... "信息共享与防止冲突"(简称SHADE)这一军事协调会议为国际社会开展多边合作实施海上护航提供了平台。通过梳理SHADE协调机制产生的背景及运作方式,并以第14次工作会议为例,分析了SHADE这一国际协调机制在打击索马里海盗、维护海上航行安全中的作用,同时指出了其存在的不足。 展开更多
关键词 shade 打击海盗 护航
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由国际会议SHADE反思海军护航英语教学
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作者 张萍 陆杨 《海外英语》 2013年第8X期15-16,共2页
"信息共享与防止冲突"(Shared Awareness and De-confliction)这一军事协调会议为国际社会开展多边合作打击索马里海盗提供了平台。通过分析会议期间所采集的语言素材,并结合护航协调人员英语培训班的教学实践,提出护航英语... "信息共享与防止冲突"(Shared Awareness and De-confliction)这一军事协调会议为国际社会开展多边合作打击索马里海盗提供了平台。通过分析会议期间所采集的语言素材,并结合护航协调人员英语培训班的教学实践,提出护航英语教学的新思路。 展开更多
关键词 shade 护航英语 任务教学 教学策略
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在VC++中使用VertexShader实现卡通渲染
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作者 吕佳 《科技情报开发与经济》 2009年第8期130-132,共3页
介绍了Cell-shade(r卡通渲染)和VertexShader技术,论述了卡通渲染的原理,并给出了VertexShader的一些具体使用实例。
关键词 DIRECTX Vertexshader 卡通渲染 渲染管线
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Photoinhibition in Shaded Cotton Leaves After Exposing to High Light and the Time Course of Its Restoration 被引量:24
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作者 杨兴洪 邹琦 王玮 《Acta Botanica Sinica》 CSCD 2001年第12期1255-1259,共5页
Chlorophyll fluorescence emission, pigment composition and photosynthetic rate of shade-grown cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) plants were measured immediately after suddenly exposing to full sunlight and at regular in... Chlorophyll fluorescence emission, pigment composition and photosynthetic rate of shade-grown cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) plants were measured immediately after suddenly exposing to full sunlight and at regular intervals there after within 15 d. Photoinhibition occurred in shade-grown cotton leaves immediately after exposed to full sunlight. The chlorophyll fluorescence parameter F-v/F-m and PhiPS II, which reflect the efficiency of PS II,obviously decreased in shade-grown leaves, much lower than that of the full sunlight-grown leaves. On the contrary, F-o value was sharply increased. Neither of these parameters could completely recover till next morning. The photoinhibition was chronic and continued for about 4 d, while the F-v/F-m and the net photosynthetic rate ( P-n) continued to decline, then began to increase gradually 6 d later and turned stable after 10 - 12 d, appearing as an acclimation phenomenon. However, the final value of F-v/F-m and P-n did not reach the level as in those leaves grown in the full sunlight ever before. The final P-n was higher by 60% than that before exposure, but lower for more than 40% than that of the full sunlight-grown leaves. The most notable response of chloroplast pigment composition was a pronounced increase in the pool size of carotenoids in xanthophyll cycle over a period of 3 d. The results indicated that when shade-grown cotton seedlings were suddenly transferred to the full sunlight, the decline of F-v/F-m and P-n might associate with the damage of the PS II reaction center. During the light acclimation, photoprotective mechanisms such as the xanthophyll cycle-dependent energy dissipation were increased, so that photodamage in leaves transferred from low to high light might be reduced. 展开更多
关键词 Gosstypium hirsutum SHADING PHOTOINHIBITION PHOTOPROTECTION xanthophyll cycle
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Shadepilot全牙比色仪测定牙龈色对比色板色标颜色的影响 被引量:5
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作者 殷家悦 王飞 +1 位作者 包扬 艾红军 《实用口腔医学杂志》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2009年第6期791-793,共3页
目的:通过体外模拟实验评价牙龈比色板在临床比色中的意义。方法:使用分光光度计型全牙比色仪Shadepilot测量42个比色板色标在4种牙龈比色板(Gumy1,2,3,4)衬托下颈、中、切3部分色彩参数(CIE1976L*a*b*),使用比色仪内置软件计算有无牙... 目的:通过体外模拟实验评价牙龈比色板在临床比色中的意义。方法:使用分光光度计型全牙比色仪Shadepilot测量42个比色板色标在4种牙龈比色板(Gumy1,2,3,4)衬托下颈、中、切3部分色彩参数(CIE1976L*a*b*),使用比色仪内置软件计算有无牙龈比色板衬托的色标相同位置的色差值(△E),分析牙龈色对色标颜色的影响。结果:42个色标在4种牙龈色衬托下与无牙龈色衬托的色差值为:颈部(2.93±0.79)NBS,中部(0.51±0.27)NBS,切端(0.61±0.29)NBS;Gumy-1、2、3、4组牙龈色对色标颈、中、切三部分的影响组间差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论:在模拟测量条件下,牙龈色对比色板色标颈部有影响,肉眼可识别,对色标中部及切端无影响;4种模拟牙龈颜色对比色板色标颜色的影响无统计学差异。 展开更多
关键词 牙龈色 比色仪 色差
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Shade stress decreases stem strength of soybean through restraining lignin biosynthesis 被引量:9
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作者 LIU Wei-guo Sajad Hussain +6 位作者 LIU Ting ZOU Jun-lin REN Meng-lu ZHOU Tao LIU Jiang YANG Feng YANG Wen-yu 《Journal of Integrative Agriculture》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2019年第1期43-53,共11页
Lodging is the most important constraint for soybean growth at seedling stage in maize-soybean relay strip intercropping system.In the field experiments,three soybean cultivars Nandou 032-4(shade susceptible cultivar;... Lodging is the most important constraint for soybean growth at seedling stage in maize-soybean relay strip intercropping system.In the field experiments,three soybean cultivars Nandou 032-4(shade susceptible cultivar; B1),Jiuyuehuang(moderately shade tolerant cultivar; B2),and Nandou 12(shade tolerant cultivar; B3) were used to evaluate the relationship between stem stress and lignin metabolism in the stem of soybean.Results showed that the intercropped soybean was in variable light condition throughout the day time and co-growth stage with maize.The xylem area and cross section ratio played a main role to form the stem stress.The B3 both in intercropping and monocropping expressed a high stem stress with higher xylem area,lignin content,and activity of enzymes(phenylalanine ammonia-lyase(PAL),4-coumarate: CoA ligase(4CL),cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase(CAD),and peroxidase(POD)) than those of B1 and B2.Among the soybean cultivars and planting pattern,lignin content was positively correlated with stem stress.However,a negative correlation was found between lignin content and actual rate of lodging.In conclusion,the shade tolerant soybean cultivar had larger xylem area,higher lignin content and activities of CAD,4CL,PAL,and POD than other soybean cultivars in intercropping.The lodging in maize-soybean intercropping can be minimized by planting shade tolerant and lodging resistant cultivar of soybean.The lignin content in stem could be a useful indicator for the evaluation of lodging resistance of soybean in intercropping and activities of enzymes were the key factors that influence the lignin biosynthesis. 展开更多
关键词 INTERCROPPING GENOTYPE GLYCINE max LIGNIN accumulation shade stress
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The molecular mechanism of shade avoidance in crops--How data from Arabidopsis can help to identify targets for increasing yield and biomass production 被引量:6
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作者 TANG Yun-jia Johannes Liesche 《Journal of Integrative Agriculture》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2017年第6期1244-1255,共12页
In order to prevent or counteract shading,plants enact a complex set of growth and developmental adaptations when they sense a change in light quality caused by other plants in their vicinity.This shade avoidance resp... In order to prevent or counteract shading,plants enact a complex set of growth and developmental adaptations when they sense a change in light quality caused by other plants in their vicinity.This shade avoidance response(SAR)typically includes increased stem elongation at the expense of plant fitness and yield,making it an undesirable trait in an agricultural context.Manipulating the molecular factors involved in SAR can potentially improve productivity by increasing tolerance to higher planting density.However,most of the investigations of the molecular mechanism of SAR have been carried out in Arabidopsis thaliana,and it is presently unclear in how far results of these investigations apply to crop plants.In this review,current data on SAR in crop plants,especially from members of the Solanaceae and Poaceae families,are integrated with data from Arabidopsis,in order to identify the most promising targets for biotechnological approaches.Phytochromes,which detect the change in light caused by neighboring plants,and early signaling components can be targeted to increase plant productivity.However,they control various photomorphogenic processes not necessarily related to shade avoidance.Transcription factors involved in SAR signaling could be better targets to specifically enhance or suppress SAR.Knowledge integration from Arabidopsis and crop plants also indicates factors that could facilitate the control of specific aspects of SAR.Candidates are provided for the regulation of plant architecture,flowering induction and carbohydrate allocation.Yet to-be-elucidated factors that control SAR-dependent changes in biotic resistance and cell wall composition are pointed out.This review also includes an analysis of publicly available gene expression data for maize to augment the sparse molecular data available for this important species. 展开更多
关键词 shade avoidance response phytochrome B Zea mays Solanum lycopersicum biomass carbon allocation
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Shade adaptive response and yield analysis of different soybean genotypes in relay intercropping systems 被引量:5
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作者 WU Yu-shan YANG Feng +9 位作者 GONG Wan-zhuo Shoaib Ahmed FAN Yuan-fang WU Xiao-ling YONG Tai-wen LIU Wei-guo SHU Kai LIU Jiang DU Jun-bo YANG Wen-yu 《Journal of Integrative Agriculture》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2017年第6期1331-1340,共10页
Soybean is one of the major oil seed crops,which is usually intercropped with other crops to increase soybean production area and yield.However,soybean is highly sensitive to shading.It is unclear if soybean morpholog... Soybean is one of the major oil seed crops,which is usually intercropped with other crops to increase soybean production area and yield.However,soybean is highly sensitive to shading.It is unclear if soybean morphology responds to shading(i.e.,shade tolerance or avoidance)and which features may be suitable as screening materials in relay strip intercropping.Therefore,in this study,various agronomic characteristics of different soybean genotypes were analyzed under relay intercropping conditions.The soybean materials used in this study exhibited genetic diversity,and the coefficient of variations of the agronomic parameters ranged from 13.84 to 72.08%during the shade period and from 6.44 to 52.49%during the maturity period.The ratios of shading to full irradiance in stem mass fraction(SMF)were almost greater than 1,whereas opposite results were found in the leaves.Compared with full irradiance,the average stem length(SL),leaf area ratio(LAR)and specific leaf area(SLA)for the two years(2013 and 2014)increased by 0.78,0.47 and 0.65 under shady conditions,respectively.However,the stem diameter(SD),total biomass(TB),leaf area(LA),number of nodes(NN)on the main stem,and number of branches(BN)all decreased.During the shady period,the SL and SMF exhibited a significant negative correlation with yield,and the SD exhibited a significant positive correlation with yield.The correlation between the soybean yield and agronomic parameters during the mature period,except for SL,the first pod height(FPH),100-seed weight(100-SW),and reproductive growth period(RGP),were significant(P〈0.01),especially for seed weight per branch(SWB),pods per plant(PP),BN,and vegetative growth period(VGP).These results provide an insight into screening the shade tolerance of soybean varieties and can be useful in targeted breeding programs of relay intercropped soybeans. 展开更多
关键词 INTERCROPPING LIGHT morphological parameters shade avoidance SOYBEAN
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Effect of shade stress on lignin biosynthesis in soybean stems 被引量:4
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作者 LIU Wei-guo REN Meng-lu +6 位作者 LIU Ting DU Yong-li ZHOU Tao LIU Xiao-ming LIU Jiang Sajad Hussain YANG Wen-yu 《Journal of Integrative Agriculture》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2018年第7期1594-1604,共11页
To clarify how shade stress affects lignin biosynthesis in soybean stem, two varieties, Nandou 12(shade tolerant) and Nan 032-4(shade susceptible) grew under normal light and shade conditions(the photosynthetical... To clarify how shade stress affects lignin biosynthesis in soybean stem, two varieties, Nandou 12(shade tolerant) and Nan 032-4(shade susceptible) grew under normal light and shade conditions(the photosynthetically active radiation and the ratio of red:far-red were lower than normal light condition). Lignin accumulation, transcripts of genes involved in lignin biosynthesis, and intermediates content of lignin biosynthesis were analyzed. Both soybean varieties suffered shade stress had increased plant heights and internode lengths, and reduced stem diameters and lignin accumulation in stems. The expression levels of lignin-related genes were significantly influenced by shade stress, with interactions between the light environment and variety. The gene of 3-hydroxylase(C3H), cinnamoyl-Co A reductase(CCR), caffeoylCoAO-methyltransferase(CCoAOMT), and peroxidase(POD) attributed to lignin biosynthesis under shade stress, and the down-regulation of these genes resulted in lower caffeic, sinapic, and ferulic acid levels, which caused a further decrease in lignin biosynthesis. Under shade stress, the shade tolerant soybean variety(Nandou 12) showed stiffer stems, higher lignin content, and greater gene expression level and higher metabolite contents than shade susceptible one. So these characteristics could be used for screening the shade-tolerant soybean for intercropping. 展开更多
关键词 Glycine max STEM shade stress lignin biosynthesis gene expression phenolic acids
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CONTRACTED EFFECT OF BELL-SHADE SHAPE WELDING ARC AND ACCOMPANIED MAGNETIC FIELD WITH SPIRAL PIPE SHAPE 被引量:4
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作者 Yu Jianrong, Zhang Jiaying , Jiang Lipei, Jiao Xiangdong Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Beijing 102600 Department of Mechanical Engineering,Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084 Jia Changshen, Shi Yaowu Xi′an Jiaotong University, 《中国有色金属学会会刊:英文版》 CSCD 1997年第2期96-99,共4页
CONTRACTEDEFFECTOFBELLSHADESHAPEWELDINGARCANDACCOMPANIEDMAGNETICFIELDWITHSPIRALPIPESHAPE①YuJianrong,ZhangJi... CONTRACTEDEFFECTOFBELLSHADESHAPEWELDINGARCANDACCOMPANIEDMAGNETICFIELDWITHSPIRALPIPESHAPE①YuJianrong,ZhangJiaying,JiangLipei,... 展开更多
关键词 longitudinal magnetic field BELL shade SHAPE welding arc contracted effect ACCOMPANIED magnetic field SPIRAL PIPE SHAPE
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Interactive effect of shade and PEG-induced osmotic stress on physiological responses of soybean seedlings 被引量:4
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作者 Muhammad Ahsan ASGHAR JIANG Heng-ke +13 位作者 SHUI Zhao-wei CAO Xi-yu HUANG Xi-yu Shakeel IMRAN Bushra AHMAD ZHANG Hao YANG Yue-ning SHANG Jing YANG Hui YU Liang LIU Chun-yan YANG Wen-yu SUN Xin DU Jun-bo 《Journal of Integrative Agriculture》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2021年第9期2382-2394,共13页
Intensively farmed crops used to experience numerous environmental stresses.Among these,shade and drought significantly influence the morpho-physiological and biochemical attributes of plants.However,the interactive e... Intensively farmed crops used to experience numerous environmental stresses.Among these,shade and drought significantly influence the morpho-physiological and biochemical attributes of plants.However,the interactive effect of shade and drought on the growth and development of soybean under dense cropping systems has not been reported yet.This study investigated the interactive effect of PEG-induced osmotic stress and shade on soybean seedlings.The soybean cultivar viz.,C-103 was subjected to PEG-induced osmotic stress from polyethylene glycol 6000(PEG-6000)under shading and non-shading conditions.PEG-induced osmotic stress significantly reduced the relative water contents,morphological parameters,carbohydrates and chlorophyll contents under both light environments.A significant increase was observed in osmoprotectants,reactive oxygen species and antioxidant enzymes in soybean seedlings.Henceforth,the findings revealed that,seedlings grown under non-shading conditions produced more malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide contents as compared to the shade-treated plants when subjected to PEG-induced osmotic stress.Likewise,the shaded plants accumulated more sugars and proline than non-shaded ones under drought stress.Moreover,it was found that nonshaded grown plants were more sensitive to PEG-induced osmotic stress than those exposed to shading conditions,which suggested that shade could boost the protective mechanisms against osmotic stress or at least would not exaggerate the adverse effects of PEG-induced osmotic stress in soybean seedlings. 展开更多
关键词 shade PEG-induced osmotic stress reactive oxygen species antioxidant enzymes soybean
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Creation of two hyperactive variants of phytochrome B1 for attenuating shade avoidance syndrome in maize 被引量:4
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作者 ZHAO Yong-ping ZHAO Bin-bin +5 位作者 WU Guang-xia MA Xiao-jing WANG Bao-bao KONG De-xin WEI Hong-bin WANG Hai-yang 《Journal of Integrative Agriculture》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2022年第5期1253-1265,共13页
Increasing the planting density of maize is an effective measure to improve its yield.However,plants under high planting density tend to trigger shade avoidance syndrome(SAS),reducing lodging resistance and ultimately... Increasing the planting density of maize is an effective measure to improve its yield.However,plants under high planting density tend to trigger shade avoidance syndrome(SAS),reducing lodging resistance and ultimately yield drop.Phytochrome B(phyB)plays a dominant role in mediating shade avoidance response.This study constructed two hyperactive mutated alleles of maize PHYB1:ZmPHYB1^(Y98F)(mimicking Y104F of AtPHYB)and ZmPHYB1^(Y359F)(mimicking Y361F of AtPHYB).Ectopic expression of ZmPHYB1^(Y98F) and ZmPHYB1^(Y359F) under the control of the ZmPHYB1 promoter in the Arabidopsis phyB-9 background rendered enhanced activity on complementing the phyB-9 related phenotypes compared with ZmPHYB1^(WT).Moreover,similar to the behavior of ZmPHYB1^(WT),ZmPHYB1Y98F and ZmPHYB1^(Y359F) proteins are localized to the nucleus after red light exposure,and could interact with PIF proteins of maize.In addition,expression of ZmPHYB1^(Y98F) and ZmPHYB1^(Y359F) variants under the control of the native ZmPHYB1 promoter attenuated SAS of maize seedlings subjected to simulated shade treatment.It effectively reduced mature maize’s plant height and ear height in field conditions.The results combined demonstrate the utility of ZmPHYB1^(Y98F) and ZmPHYB1^(Y359F) for attenuating SAS and breeding high density-tolerant varieties of maize. 展开更多
关键词 MAIZE high density planting maize phytochrome B1 shade avoidance syndrome
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