A novel technique for reducing reverberation artifact in acoustic shadow imaging using nonlinear ultrasound interaction, called nonlinear acoustic shadow method, has been developed and experimentally studied. In this ...A novel technique for reducing reverberation artifact in acoustic shadow imaging using nonlinear ultrasound interaction, called nonlinear acoustic shadow method, has been developed and experimentally studied. In this technique, the conventional acoustic shadow method is modified by using the secondary wave generated by nonlinear interaction of two primary sound waves emitted from parametric array. Either conventional or nonlinear acoustic shadow imaging is carried out for aluminum square cylinder and the size of the shadow is compared. The result shows that the nonlinear acoustic shadow method reduces reverberation artifact inside the square cylinder and has better accuracy in the size measurement than conventional acoustic shadow method.展开更多
Semi-aquatic arthropods skate on water surfaces with synergetic actions of their legs. The sculling forward locomotion of water striders was observed and analyzed in situ to understand and reproduce the abovementioned...Semi-aquatic arthropods skate on water surfaces with synergetic actions of their legs. The sculling forward locomotion of water striders was observed and analyzed in situ to understand and reproduce the abovementioned feature. The bright-edged elliptical shadows of the six legs of a water strider were recorded to derive the supporting force distributions on legs. The propulsion principles of water striders were quantitatively disclosed. A typical sculling forward process was accomplished within approximately 0.15 s. Water striders lifted their heads slightly and supported their weight mainly by the two driving legs to increase the propulsion force and reduce the water resistance during the process. The normalized thrust-area ratio （defined as the ratio of the propulsion force to the projected area） was usually lower than 0.4 after sculling for approximately 0.08 s. The entire normal supporting force remained nearly constant during a stroke to reduce the mass center fluctuation in the normal direction. In addition, water striders could easily control the locomotion direction and speed through the light swinging of the two hind legs as rudders. These sculling principles might inspire sophisticated biomimetic wa- ter-walking robots with high propulsion efficiency in the future.展开更多
文摘A novel technique for reducing reverberation artifact in acoustic shadow imaging using nonlinear ultrasound interaction, called nonlinear acoustic shadow method, has been developed and experimentally studied. In this technique, the conventional acoustic shadow method is modified by using the secondary wave generated by nonlinear interaction of two primary sound waves emitted from parametric array. Either conventional or nonlinear acoustic shadow imaging is carried out for aluminum square cylinder and the size of the shadow is compared. The result shows that the nonlinear acoustic shadow method reduces reverberation artifact inside the square cylinder and has better accuracy in the size measurement than conventional acoustic shadow method.
基金This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant No. 51425502）.
文摘Semi-aquatic arthropods skate on water surfaces with synergetic actions of their legs. The sculling forward locomotion of water striders was observed and analyzed in situ to understand and reproduce the abovementioned feature. The bright-edged elliptical shadows of the six legs of a water strider were recorded to derive the supporting force distributions on legs. The propulsion principles of water striders were quantitatively disclosed. A typical sculling forward process was accomplished within approximately 0.15 s. Water striders lifted their heads slightly and supported their weight mainly by the two driving legs to increase the propulsion force and reduce the water resistance during the process. The normalized thrust-area ratio （defined as the ratio of the propulsion force to the projected area） was usually lower than 0.4 after sculling for approximately 0.08 s. The entire normal supporting force remained nearly constant during a stroke to reduce the mass center fluctuation in the normal direction. In addition, water striders could easily control the locomotion direction and speed through the light swinging of the two hind legs as rudders. These sculling principles might inspire sophisticated biomimetic wa- ter-walking robots with high propulsion efficiency in the future.
