Determinants of malaria from environmental and poverty aspects in Indonesia:A spatiotemporal perspective,2016-2020

Objective:To investigate the environmental and social aspects of poverty contributing to malaria incidence in Indonesia from 2016 to 2020.Methods:Random forest regression was used to analyse the independent variables contributing to malaria incidence.Environmental conditions were extracted from remotely sensed data,including vegetation,land temperature,soil moisture,precipitation,and elevation.In contrast,the social aspects of poverty were obtained from government statistical reports.Results:From 2016 to 2020,the contribution of each environmental and social aspect of poverty to malaria incidence fluctuated annually.Generally,the top three essential variables were people aged 15 years and above,experiencing poverty(variable importance/VI=32.0%),people experiencing poverty who work in the agricultural sector(VI=14.4%),and precipitation(VI=9.8%).It was followed by people experiencing poverty who are unemployed(VI=9.2%),land temperature(VI=5.2%),people experiencing poverty who have low education(VI=8.0%),soil moisture(VI=7.4%),elevation(VI=6.0%),and vegetation(VI=3.8%).Conclusions:Poverty and variables related to climate have become the crucial determinants of malaria in Indonesia.The government must strengthen malaria surveillance through climate change mitigation and adaptation programs and accelerate poverty alleviation programs to support malaria elimination.

Poverty Reduction in China: Experiences and Measurement of Effects

This study employs the generalized method of moments(GMM)and panel vector autoregression(PVAR)models for a multi-factor quantitative dissection of China’s poverty reduction process across multiple stages,using provincial panel data from 2000 to 2019.According to our research,economic growth and social development are the key drivers of poverty reduction in China,but the trickle-down effect of economic growth is diminishing and marketization is having a lesser pro-poor effect.Public expenditure has failed to provide social protection and income redistribution benefits due to issues such as targeting error and elite capture.Increasing the efficiency of the poverty reduction system calls for adaptive adjustments.Finally,this study highlights China’s poverty reduction experiences and analyzes current challenges,which serve as inspiration for consolidating poverty-reduction achievements,combating relative poverty,and attaining countryside vitalization.

A novel control strategy for reproducing the floor motions of high-rise buildings by earthquake-simulating shake tables

To enable the experimental assessment of the seismic performance of full-scale nonstructural elements with multiple engineering parameters(EDPs),a three-layer testbed named Nonstructural Element Simulator on Shake Table(NEST)has been developed.The testbed consists of three consecutive floors of steel structure.The bottom two floors provide a space to accommodate a full-scale room.To fully explore the flexibility of NEST,we propose a novel control strategy to generate the required shake table input time histories for the testbed to track the target floor motions of the buildings of interest with high accuracy.The control strategy contains two parts:an inverse dynamic compensation via simulation of feedback control systems(IDCS)algorithm and an offline iteration procedure based on a refined nonlinear numerical model of the testbed.The key aspects of the control strategy were introduced in this paper.Experimental tests were conducted to simulate the seismic responses of a full-scale office room on the 21^(st)floor of a 42-story high-rise building.The test results show that the proposed control strategy can reproduce the target floor motions of the building of interest with less than 20%errors within the specified frequency range.

Green Leaves of Success——Meitan County Shakes off Poverty Through Tea Production

THE villagers of Hetaoba in Meitan County,southwest China’s Guizhou Province,used to say that they eat maize flour mixed with rice every meal,and climb across mountains to get drinking water.Young men cannot wait to escape the distress and seek a livelihood outside,whereas girls do not want to marry people from the mountains.

Influencing Factors and Prediction of Risk of Returning to Ecological Poverty in Liupan Mountain Region,China

China has resolved its overall regional poverty in 2020 by attaining moderate societal prosperity.The country has entered a new development stage designed to achieve its second centenary goal.However,ecological fragility and risk susceptibility have increased the risk of returning to ecological poverty.In this paper,the Liupan Mountain Region of China was used as a case study,and the counties were used as the scale to reveal the spatiotempora differentiation and influcing factors of the risk of returning to poverty in study area.The indicator data for returning to ecological poverty from 2011-2020 were collected and summarized in three dimensions:ecological,economic and social.The autoregressive integrated moving average model(ARIMA)time series and exponential smoothing method(ES)were used to predict the multidimensional indicators of returning to ecological poverty for 61 counties(districts)in the Liupan Mountain Region for 2021-2030.The back propagation neural network(BPNN)and geographic information system(GIS)were used to generate the spatial distribution and time variation for the index of the risk of returning to ecological poverty(RREP index).The results show that 1)ecological factors were the main factors in the risk of returning to ecological poverty in Liupan Mountain Region.2)The RREP index for the 61 counties(districts)exhibited a downward trend from 2021-2030.The RREP index declined more in medium-and high-risk areas than in low-risk areas.From 2021 to 2025,the RREP index exhibited a slight downward trend.From 2026 to2030,the RREP index was expected to decline faster,especially from 2029-2030.3)Based on the RREP index,it can be roughly divided into three types,namely,the high-risk areas,the medium-risk areas,and the low-risk areas.The natural resource conditions in lowrisk areas of returning to ecological poverty,were better than those in medium-and high-risk areas.

Foreign Ducks Help Peasants to Shake Off Poverty

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Off-farm employment and poverty alleviation in rural China

Two phenomena in the history of China's economic growth during the last four decades are the increase in the share of offfarm employment and the progress in poverty alleviation in rural China.Although both of them have been well documented in the literature,less is known about the linkage between the two.To better understand the role that off-farm employment has played in poverty alleviation in rural China is critically important not only for China but also for those countries that are trying to reduce poverty.Here,we examine the impact of off-farm employment on poverty alleviation in rural China.Using the data from two nationally representative household panel surveys(China National Rural Survey and China Rural Development Survey),this paper provides supporting evidence that off-farm employment contributes to poverty alleviation in rural China.Specifically,if household participation in off-farm employment increases by 10 percentage points,the likelihood for a nonpoor household to fall into poverty will decrease by 0.88 percentage point whereas the likelihood for a poor household to climb out of poverty will increase by 3.5 percentage points.In a word,off-employment can not only prevent rural residents to fall into poverty but also help those already in poverty climb out of it.

Compensation of body shake errors in terahertz beam scanning single frequency holography for standoff personnel screening

In the terahertz（THz） band, the inherent shake of the human body may strongly impair the image quality of a beam scanning single frequency holography system for personnel screening. To realize accurate shake compensation in imaging processing, it is quite necessary to develop a high-precision measure system. However, in many cases, different parts of a human body may shake to different extents, resulting in greatly increasing the difficulty in conducting a reasonable measurement of body shake errors for image reconstruction. In this paper, a body shake error compensation algorithm based on the raw data is proposed. To analyze the effect of the body shake on the raw data, a model of echoed signal is rebuilt with considering both the beam scanning mode and the body shake. According to the rebuilt signal model, we derive the body shake error estimated method to compensate for the phase error. Simulation on the reconstruction of point targets with shake errors and proof-of-principle experiments on the human body in the 0.2-THz band are both performed to confirm the effectiveness of the body shake compensation algorithm proposed.

Rural transformation,income growth,and poverty reduction by region in China in the past four decades

China has experienced rapid rural transformation in the past four decades.Accompanying the rapid transformation is a significant rise in rural household income and a substantial fall in rural poverty.This paper examines the evolutions of and the relationships between rural transformation(high-value agriculture and rural non-farm employment)and its outcomes(per capita rural income and rural poverty incidence)using provincial-level data.The results show that 31 provinces/autonomous regions/municipalities have undergone significant rural transformation,but the level and speed of rural transformation differed considerably.Moreover,an increased level of rural transformation is often associated with higher per capita rural income and reduced rural poverty incidence.Notably,a category of provincial rural transformation based on high-value agriculture and rural non-farm employment is also analyzed.We further discuss the likely impacts of institutions,policies,and investments(IPIs)on rural transformation and conclude with policy implications.

Developing strategy for rural transformation to alleviate poverty in Pakistan:Stylized facts from panel analysis

Sustainable income growth and poverty reduction remain critical challenges at the forefront of research in Pakistan,particularly in rural areas.To overcome these challenges,the role of rural transformation(RT)has emerged and gained importance in recent years.The present study is based on district-level data and covers the period from 1981 to 2019.The study attempts to quantify the role of rural transformation in boosting rural per capita income and alleviating rural poverty in the country.The study also aims to explore the impact of stages of rural transformation on rural per capita income and rural poverty alleviation.The empirical findings reveal that rural transformation(RT_(1)and RT_(2))is essential in enhancing rural per capita income and alleviating rural poverty.The role of the share of high-value crops(RT_(1))is more pronounced than the share of non-farm employment(RT_(2))in boosting rural per capita income and poverty alleviation.The trend of larger contribution of RT_(1)to enhance rural per capita income also continued at 2nd stage of rural transformation.In the case of poverty reduction,at 3rd stage of rural transformation,the role of RT_(2)is dominant.Our results indicate that districts at higher stages of rural transformation(both RT_(1)and RT_(2))tend to correlate positively with increased rural per capita income and reduced poverty rates,suggesting that progress in rural transformation is associated with improved economic conditions.However,it is important to note that this correlation does not necessarily imply a direct causal relationship between rural transformation and these economic outcomes;other factors may have influenced this relationship.In addition,the welfare impacts are more noticeable among the districts where a simultaneous shift from grain crops to cash crops and from farm employment to non-farm employment is observed.The study provides baseline information to learn experiences from fast-growing districts and to replicate the strategies in other districts,which boosts the RT process that may increase rural per capita income and enhance poverty reduction efforts.

How Dongchuan in Yunnan Shook off Poverty

DONGCHUAN District in the northernmost part of Kunming City,Yunnan Province,is famous for its magnificent red soil.It is yet a deeply impoverished region due to the fragility of its ecosystems and exhaustion of resources.Nevertheless the district successfully got rid of poverty in 2019,a remarkable achievement for the local people.Incidence of poverty there dropped from 52.88 percent in 2013 to zero in 2019.Tailored Measures The district is located at the intersection where the provinces of Sichuan and Yunnan meet.

Shaking off Poverty with Nyalshung Dairy Farm in Lhuntse County

The modern cattle houses are arranged in an orderly fashion,in which the wellfed dairy cows are enjoying their green forage.Their happy mooing converges into a cheerful farming melody.This fascinating scene certainly displays the booming economy and prosperity of the dairy farm of Lhuntse County in Lhoka City of the Tibet Autonomous Region.

How to Quickly Cast off Poverty in Poverty-stricken Mountainous Areas Relying on the "Whole Village Advancement" Model?

We carry out a field survey on the implementation of the"Whole Village Advancement"poverty alleviation model in Lisizhuang Village,Shunping County,Hebei Province.Based on the"Whole Village Advancement"poverty alleviation model,we put forth the following recommendations:(i)Oriented by the market,fostering the function of"blood-refreshing";(ii)Strengthening the new ideas of using projects to attract investment;(iii)Implementing the new strategy of"driven by the able person";(iv)Improving the farmers'quality;(v)Adhering to the diversification of financing channels.

Types and Optimization Paths Between Poverty Alleviation Effectiveness and Rural Revitalization:A Case Study of Hunan Province,China

Exploring the synergy types and optimization paths between Poverty Alleviation Effectiveness and Rural Revitalization is necessary for achieving the two centenary goals.Taking poverty alleviation counties in Hunan Province,China as an example,our study proposed an indicator to measure the synergistic development between Poverty Alleviation Effectiveness and Rural Revitalization using the multi-index integrated evaluation method.Then,the coupling types were classified based on both the proposed indicator and regional characteristics.Besides,the corresponding optimization path for each coupling type was proposed to promote the synergistic development of Poverty Alleviation and Rural Revitalization.Results are as follows:1)Lower synergy focused on the southwestern Hunan,while low synergy is widely distributed(such as the west,southwest,northwest,and midland).Moderate synergy is in the midland,such as Huaihua and Chenzhou cities.High synergy is distributed in Yongzhou,Huaihua,Xiangxi cities,etc.Besides,only Hecheng City belongs to the higher synergy.2)This paper proposes corresponding development paths for different development characteristics and main problems from multiple perspectives of the protection system,industrial planning,and rural market.Continuously consolidate and enhance the effectiveness of Poverty Alleviation and Rural Revitalization to achieve coupled and synergistic development of the two systems.Our research results can provide theoretical support for implementing Poverty Alleviation and Rural Revitalization in Hunan Province,China.

Poverty Alleviation Act:the Inevitable Product of the Development Law of Poverty Alleviation

Poverty alleviation is a grand project involving the whole society,and is related to the development direction of socialism and the process of national modernization.It is the basic national policy and major strategic deployment of China to eliminate poverty and improve people s livelihood under the new historical conditions.Therefore,in order to win the final victory of poverty alleviation and difficulties tackling,it is not enough to have only a policy system and an institutional system.It is also necessary to establish an effective legal system to regulate and restrain various poverty alleviation behaviors,which is the basic condition for ensuring the sustainable development of poverty alleviation.

Income Growth,Income Gaps,and Rural Poverty Reduction in China

This paper analyzes the evolving trends in China’s rural poverty from 1988 to 2018 and how income growth and income gaps contributed to poverty reduction using rural household data from the China Household Income Project(CHIP).We find that after China’s reform and opening up policy introduced in 1978,China’s rural poverty has been reduced substantially due primarily to income growth,although this poverty-reducing effect was partially offset by widening income gaps.During the progress of this poverty reduction,however,income distribution replaced income growth as the key driver.For the extremely poor in particular,their poverty status hinged upon income distribution.As revealed by our empirical analysis of income sources,wage income became the chief source of income for rural households,contributing a rising share to poverty reduction in the countryside.The contribution of net income from government transfer to poverty reduction has increased in recent years,and this contribution has been increased with the deepening level of poverty.Calculation of the pro-poor growth index suggests that the poor population primarily benefited from the trickle-down effect of economic growth,and the economic growth pattern has yet to lean towards pro-poor growth.

Fever glove hand-shake method safe blood collection from children's fingertips in COVID-19 fever clinic

BACKGROUND During the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)epidemic,the fever clinic is an important link for screening and diagnosing whether a patient is infected with the novel coronavirus.Blood collection from children’s fingertips is a commonly used detection method;however,in children,the blood collection process may cause discomfort and resistance.To address this problem,the use of heating gloves combined with hand swinging can be considered for fingertip blood collection in children.AIM To explore the application of fever gloves with the handshaking method for fingertip blood collection from children in fever clinics during the COVID-19 epidemic.METHODS A total of 100 children were selected for fingertip blood collection at the fever clinic of our hospital from June 2022 to June 2023 and were divided into two groups using a randomized numerical table method,with 50 cases in each group,including the control and observation groups.The patients in the control group followed the doctor's instructions to cooperate with the routine fingertip blood collection method,and the patients in the observation group followed the doctor's instructions to cooperate with the static fever gloves with the shaking hands method of children's fingertip blood collection.The level of the six blood routine and collection indexes,and the satisfaction of the examination of the patients in the peripheral blood group and the fever gloves with the shaking hands method of the children's fingertip blood collection group were compared.RESULTS The red and white blood cell count,hemoglobin,and red blood cell pressure volume in the observation group were higher than those in the control group(P<0.05);the platelet count in the control group was lower than that in the observation group(P<0.05);the number of times of squeezing the fingertip,the average time of blood collection,and the score of puncture pain in the observation group were significantly better than those in the control group(P<0.05);and satisfaction with the routine blood examination in the observation group was greater than that in the control group.CONCLUSION The application value of the fever gloves with shaking hands method for children's fingertip blood collection was better,the accuracy of examination indexes was higher,and patient satisfaction with the examination was greater.

Current Situation and Countermeasures of Agricultural Industry Development in Linyi under the Background of Poverty Alleviation

By summarizing current situation of modern agriculture in Linyi City,problems faced by the development of modern agriculture in Linyi City under the background of helping poverty alleviation are analyzed.They are mainly the low degree of farmers'organization and the low level of agricultural industrialization;the low overall quality of farmers and the weak ability to absorb science,technology and culture;weak agricultural infrastructure and deterioration of agricultural ecological environment;inadequate agricultural scientific and technological innovation and slow popularization and application of achievements.A series of solutions and countermeasures are put forward to improve the degree of farmers'organization,enhance farmers'quality,increase investment in agricultural infrastructure,and accelerate the transformation of scientific and technological achievements.

From Poverty To a Well-Off Life——Chinese people enjoy full rights to subsistence and development

Ⅰ The Chinese government has always attached much importance to human rights and placed the rights to subsistence and development of the more than one billion people above everything else. In the fundamental interests of the broadest possible masses of people, it has adopted a series of major policy measures toward this end, thus winning the support and love of the people. 1. No wavering in making economic development its central task and a matter of the first and foremost importance in invigo-

Filming the End Of Poverty

Rooting,a documentary narrating how people in Shawa Village were lifted out of poverty It is impossible for most of us to imagine the anguish of poverty.Likewise,few of us understand why poverty is so difficult to eradicate.