Modeling geomechanical properties of shales to make sense of their complex properties is at the forefront of petroleum exploration and exploitation application and has received much re- search attention in recent year...Modeling geomechanical properties of shales to make sense of their complex properties is at the forefront of petroleum exploration and exploitation application and has received much re- search attention in recent years. A shale＇s key geomechanical properties help to identify its ＂fracibility＂ its fluid flow patterns and rates, and its in-place petroleum resources and potential commercial re- serves. The models and the information they provide, in turn, enable engineers to design drilling pat- terns, fracture-stimulation programs and materials selection that will avoid formation damage and op- timize recovery of petroleum. A wide-range of tools, technologies, experiments and mathematical techniques are deployed to achieve this. Characterizing the interconnected fracture, permeability and porosity network is an essential step in understanding a shales highly-anisotropic features on multiple scales （nano to macro）. Weli-log data, and its petrophysical interpretation to calibrate many geome- chanical metrics to those measured in rock samples by laboratory techniques plays a key role in pro- viding affordable tools that can be deployed cost-effectively in multiple well bores. Likewise, micro- seismic data helps to match fracture density and propagation observed on a reservoir scale with pre- dictions from simulations and laboratory tests conducted on idealised/simplified discrete fracture net- work models. Shales complex wettability, adsorption and water imbibition characteristics have a sig- nificant influence on potential formation damage during stimulation and the short-term and long-term flow of petroleum achievable. Many gas flow mechanisms and models are proposed taking into ac- count the multiple flow mechanisms involved （e.g., desorption, diffusion, slippage and viscous flow op- erating at multiple porosity levels from nano- to macro-scales）. Fitting historical production data and well decline curves to model predictions helps to verify whether model＇s geomechanical assumptions are realistic or not. This review discusses the techniques applied and the models developed that are relevant to applied geomechanics, highlighting examples of their application and the numerous out- standin~ questions associated with them.展开更多
基金the Department of Science & Technology (DST Ministry of Science & Technology, Government of India), for providing funding for his research through the DST-Inspire Assured Opportunity of Research Career (AORC) scheme
文摘Modeling geomechanical properties of shales to make sense of their complex properties is at the forefront of petroleum exploration and exploitation application and has received much re- search attention in recent years. A shale＇s key geomechanical properties help to identify its ＂fracibility＂ its fluid flow patterns and rates, and its in-place petroleum resources and potential commercial re- serves. The models and the information they provide, in turn, enable engineers to design drilling pat- terns, fracture-stimulation programs and materials selection that will avoid formation damage and op- timize recovery of petroleum. A wide-range of tools, technologies, experiments and mathematical techniques are deployed to achieve this. Characterizing the interconnected fracture, permeability and porosity network is an essential step in understanding a shales highly-anisotropic features on multiple scales （nano to macro）. Weli-log data, and its petrophysical interpretation to calibrate many geome- chanical metrics to those measured in rock samples by laboratory techniques plays a key role in pro- viding affordable tools that can be deployed cost-effectively in multiple well bores. Likewise, micro- seismic data helps to match fracture density and propagation observed on a reservoir scale with pre- dictions from simulations and laboratory tests conducted on idealised/simplified discrete fracture net- work models. Shales complex wettability, adsorption and water imbibition characteristics have a sig- nificant influence on potential formation damage during stimulation and the short-term and long-term flow of petroleum achievable. Many gas flow mechanisms and models are proposed taking into ac- count the multiple flow mechanisms involved （e.g., desorption, diffusion, slippage and viscous flow op- erating at multiple porosity levels from nano- to macro-scales）. Fitting historical production data and well decline curves to model predictions helps to verify whether model＇s geomechanical assumptions are realistic or not. This review discusses the techniques applied and the models developed that are relevant to applied geomechanics, highlighting examples of their application and the numerous out- standin~ questions associated with them.
