Persian shallot has been propagated vegetatively through daughter bulbs and has a narrow genetic base.In the present study,to create genetic diversity in terms of ploidy level,the effects of in vitro polyploidization ...Persian shallot has been propagated vegetatively through daughter bulbs and has a narrow genetic base.In the present study,to create genetic diversity in terms of ploidy level,the effects of in vitro polyploidization were investigated on morphological,physiological and phytochemical traits.Different colchicine treatments(0,0.3%,0.5% and 0.7% concentrations)for 24,36 and 48 h and oryzalin treatments(0,0.001%,0.002% and 0.004% concentrations)for 4,6 and 8 h were used.A sterile basal plate of bulbs was used for the induction of polyploidy in liquid and solid media.After obtaining plantlets,root tip chromosomes were counted for the determination of ploidy levels.Flow cytometry was performed to confirm the chromosome counting results.The regenerated diploid and tetraploid plantlets were transferred to ex vitro conditions.Colchicine and oryzalin were both successful in inducing polyploids and the polyploids induced were tetraploids and mixoploids.The highest induction of polyploidy was obtained in solid media using 0.5%(w/v)colchicine for 36 h(35.0% polyploidy induction)and in 0.001%(w/v)Oryzalin for 8 h(45.5% polyploidy induction).Differences in plantlet height and weight,bulblet weight,density,stomatal width and length,and chlorophyll content were observed between tetraploid and diploid plants.Chromosome duplication,as a result of tetraploid induction,significantly influenced the antioxidant content and enzyme activities.The results showed that total phenolic content,allicin,and antioxidant capacity were significantly higher in the tetraploid plantlets than that in the diploid plantlets.SRAP loci polymorphisms indicated that the 12 autotetraploid plants(with high allicin content)had different genotypes from the parental diploid plant.Besides,in vitro polyploidy induction not only duplicated chromosomes but also altered the DNA sequence in Allium hirtifolium.In vitro induction of tetraploids in A.hirtifolium can be a reliable way to obtain suitable plant material for breeding programs to generate new genotypic variations.展开更多
Hepatic GCK is a key enzyme in glucose homeostasis and, as such, is a potential target for treatment strategies of diabetes. We investigated the effect of Persian shallot (Allium hirtifolium Boiss) hydroalchoholic ext...Hepatic GCK is a key enzyme in glucose homeostasis and, as such, is a potential target for treatment strategies of diabetes. We investigated the effect of Persian shallot (Allium hirtifolium Boiss) hydroalchoholic extract on blood glucose level, plasma insulin level, GCK activity and its gene expression. Thirty two male rats were divided into 4 groups of 8, diabetic groups received 100 and 200 mg/kg Persian shallot extract, diabetic control and normal control received 0.9% saline for 30 days. Investigations of gene expression by Real-Time PCR showed that Persian shallot had led to gently increased GCK gene expression in diabetic rats. GCK activity increased significantly in Persian shallot treated group in dose dependent manner (P < 0.05). These results indicated that Persian shallot exhibited a significant potential as a hypoglycemic agent perhaps via its ability to enhance insulin secretion, GCK gene expression and its activity.展开更多
In order to preserve the nutrients in shallots, after harvest, various protocols, including incubation, drying or lyophilization of the shallot are developed in this study. Using aqueous extracts of ground shallot pow...In order to preserve the nutrients in shallots, after harvest, various protocols, including incubation, drying or lyophilization of the shallot are developed in this study. Using aqueous extracts of ground shallot powders, this study examines the antioxidative properties of shallots on the formation of hydroxyl radical species (.OH) generated via a Fenton-type reaction. A ribose degradation assay shows that all aqueous extracts of shallot prepared in this study exhibit enhanced levels of .OH, suggesting that processed shallot, like strong reductants such as ascorbate, has a strong reducing power, which converts FeIII to FeII in a Fenton’s reaction and increases the levels of .OH. A DNA integrity assay shows that fragmentation of super-coiled plasmid DNA, pGEM-7Zf(-), by .OH is diminished in the presence of all shallot aqueous extracts, albeit to various extents. Finally, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) experiments show that lyophilized shallot completely scavenges .OH, as evidenced by the disappearance of the EPR-active reaction product generated between spin trap, 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide (DMPO), and ?OH. The results of this study show the potential of a daily intake of preserved shallot to boost antioxidative protection against the toxicity of ?OH or any other damaging radicals.展开更多
基金This project was supported by the vice chancellery of research and technology of the University of Tabriz as the PhD.thesis of Nasrin Farhadi.
文摘Persian shallot has been propagated vegetatively through daughter bulbs and has a narrow genetic base.In the present study,to create genetic diversity in terms of ploidy level,the effects of in vitro polyploidization were investigated on morphological,physiological and phytochemical traits.Different colchicine treatments(0,0.3%,0.5% and 0.7% concentrations)for 24,36 and 48 h and oryzalin treatments(0,0.001%,0.002% and 0.004% concentrations)for 4,6 and 8 h were used.A sterile basal plate of bulbs was used for the induction of polyploidy in liquid and solid media.After obtaining plantlets,root tip chromosomes were counted for the determination of ploidy levels.Flow cytometry was performed to confirm the chromosome counting results.The regenerated diploid and tetraploid plantlets were transferred to ex vitro conditions.Colchicine and oryzalin were both successful in inducing polyploids and the polyploids induced were tetraploids and mixoploids.The highest induction of polyploidy was obtained in solid media using 0.5%(w/v)colchicine for 36 h(35.0% polyploidy induction)and in 0.001%(w/v)Oryzalin for 8 h(45.5% polyploidy induction).Differences in plantlet height and weight,bulblet weight,density,stomatal width and length,and chlorophyll content were observed between tetraploid and diploid plants.Chromosome duplication,as a result of tetraploid induction,significantly influenced the antioxidant content and enzyme activities.The results showed that total phenolic content,allicin,and antioxidant capacity were significantly higher in the tetraploid plantlets than that in the diploid plantlets.SRAP loci polymorphisms indicated that the 12 autotetraploid plants(with high allicin content)had different genotypes from the parental diploid plant.Besides,in vitro polyploidy induction not only duplicated chromosomes but also altered the DNA sequence in Allium hirtifolium.In vitro induction of tetraploids in A.hirtifolium can be a reliable way to obtain suitable plant material for breeding programs to generate new genotypic variations.
文摘Hepatic GCK is a key enzyme in glucose homeostasis and, as such, is a potential target for treatment strategies of diabetes. We investigated the effect of Persian shallot (Allium hirtifolium Boiss) hydroalchoholic extract on blood glucose level, plasma insulin level, GCK activity and its gene expression. Thirty two male rats were divided into 4 groups of 8, diabetic groups received 100 and 200 mg/kg Persian shallot extract, diabetic control and normal control received 0.9% saline for 30 days. Investigations of gene expression by Real-Time PCR showed that Persian shallot had led to gently increased GCK gene expression in diabetic rats. GCK activity increased significantly in Persian shallot treated group in dose dependent manner (P < 0.05). These results indicated that Persian shallot exhibited a significant potential as a hypoglycemic agent perhaps via its ability to enhance insulin secretion, GCK gene expression and its activity.
文摘In order to preserve the nutrients in shallots, after harvest, various protocols, including incubation, drying or lyophilization of the shallot are developed in this study. Using aqueous extracts of ground shallot powders, this study examines the antioxidative properties of shallots on the formation of hydroxyl radical species (.OH) generated via a Fenton-type reaction. A ribose degradation assay shows that all aqueous extracts of shallot prepared in this study exhibit enhanced levels of .OH, suggesting that processed shallot, like strong reductants such as ascorbate, has a strong reducing power, which converts FeIII to FeII in a Fenton’s reaction and increases the levels of .OH. A DNA integrity assay shows that fragmentation of super-coiled plasmid DNA, pGEM-7Zf(-), by .OH is diminished in the presence of all shallot aqueous extracts, albeit to various extents. Finally, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) experiments show that lyophilized shallot completely scavenges .OH, as evidenced by the disappearance of the EPR-active reaction product generated between spin trap, 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide (DMPO), and ?OH. The results of this study show the potential of a daily intake of preserved shallot to boost antioxidative protection against the toxicity of ?OH or any other damaging radicals.
