Analysis of Relation between Variation Characteristics and Climatic Influencing Factors of Shallow Ground Temperature in Shijiazhuang

Based on the daily observation data of shallow ground temperature, total cloud cover, precipitation, evaporation capacity and frozen soil of 5 stations in Shijiazhuang from 1981 to 2010, using methods such as linear trend and complete correlation coefficient, relation between variation characteristics and climatic influencing factors of shallow ground temperature was analyzed to lay the foundation for studying impact factors of shallow ground temperature and provide references for daily maintenance of automatic observation business. The results showed that fluctuant variability and fluctuant range of mean shallow layer ground temperature in Shijiazhuang became smaller with soil layer being deeper for all years and seasons, and the fluctuant variability was maximal in spring and minimal in winter, while the fluctuant range was maximal in summer and minimal in winter; mean shallow layer ground temperature for all years had a warming trend with an obvious warming trend in winter, and warming range in winter was smaller and the extent was weaker with soil layer being deeper while a cooling trend occurred in summer; there was a coincident trend between total cloud cover at night and shallow ground temperature in winter, and between evaporation capacity and shallow ground temperature in summer, while there was an inconsistent trend between maximum depth of frozen soil, period of freezing weather and shallow ground temperature in winter, and between total cloud cover in the davtime, orecioitation and shallow around temperature in summer.

Ground and Shallow Ground Temperature Changes Trends in Sanhe City in 40 Years

[ Objective] The aim was to analyze the ground and shallow ground temperature trend in Sanhe in recent 40 years. [ Method] According to the annual and seasonal average ground temperature in 2010, by dint of line charts and trend diagram, the ground temperature in Sanhe City in recent 40 years was discussed. [ Result] The annual ground temperature, annual ground highest and lowest temperature in Sanhe City in recent 40 years was increasing. The lowest temperature in annual and seasonal surface temperature increased at fastest speed. The annual changes of the 5, 10, 15 and 20 cm ground temperature was decreasing and the 20 cm ground temperature decreased most significantly. In spring, the 5 -15 cm ground temperature increased and the 20 cm reduced. In summer, the 20 cm temperature decreased significantly. In autumn, the 10 cm ground temperature enhanced fastest. In winter, the 10 cm and 15 cm temperature increase rate was large and the 15 cm temperature increased fastest. [ Conclusion] The study provided reference for the influence of global warming on the ground and shallow ground temperature.

Spatio-temporal changes of NDVI and its relation with climatic variables in the source regions of the Yangtze and Yellow rivers

The source regions of the Yangtze and Yellow rivers are important water conservation areas of China. In recent years, ecological deterioration trend of the source regions caused by global climate change and unreasonable resource development increased gradually. In this paper, the spatial distribution and dynamic change of vegetation cover in the source regions of the Yangtze and Yellow rivers are analyzed in recent 10 years based on 1-km resolution multi-temporal SPOTVGT-DN data from 1998 to 2007. Meanwhile, the cor- relation relationships between air temperature, precipitation, shallow ground temperature and NDVI, which is 3x3 pixel at the center of Wudaoliang, Tuotuohe, Qumalai, Maduo, and Dari meteorological stations were analyzed. The results show that the NDVI values in these two source regions are increasing in recent 10 years. Spatial distribution of NDVI which was consistent with hydrothermal condition decreased from southeast to northwest of the source regions. NDVI with a value over 0.54 was mainly distributed in the southeastern source region of the Yellow River, and most NDVI values in the northwestern source region of the Yangtze River were less than 0.22. Spatial changing trend of NDVI has great difference and most parts in the source regions of the Yangtze and Yellow rivers witnessed indistinct change. The regions with marked increasing trend were mainly distributed on the south side of the Tongtian River, some part of Keqianqu, Tongtian, Chumaer, and Tuotuo rivers in the source region of the Yangtze River and Xingsuhai, and southern Dari county in the source region of the Yellow River. The regions with very marked increasing tendency were mainly distributed on the south side of Tongtian Rriver and sporadically distributed in hinterland of the source re- gion of the Yangtze River. The north side of Tangula Range in the source region of the Yangtze River and Dari and Maduo counties in the source region of the Yellow River were areas in which NDVI changed with marked decreasing tendency. The NDVI change was positively correlated with average temperature, precipitation and shallow ground temperature. Shallow ground temperature had the greatest effect on NDVI change, and the second greatest factor influencing NDVI was average temperature. The correlation between NDVI and shallow ground temperature in the source regions of the Yangtze and Yellow rivers increased significantly with the depth of soil layer.