BBNJ谈判中的“notundermine”内涵研究

BBNJ谈判历经四次筹备委员会会议和五次政府间会议,在涉及BBNJ协定与“相关法律文书和框架以及相关全球、区域、次区域和部门机构”的关系时,“not undermine”已成为BBNJ协定创制过程中的基本要求。“not undermine”的内涵对于阐明BBNJ协定与相关法律文书、框架和机构的关系具有重要意义,但其在内涵上具有高度模糊性。在谈判中,各国对其具体内涵争议不断。从BBNJ谈判案文内容、谈判走向和相关国际规则执行现状等角度分析,“not undermine”至少应当包含“以BBNJ协定为中心”“尊重相关法律文书、框架和机构,并在必要时进行补充、加强”“通过国际合作实现一致性和协调性”三方面内涵。BBNJ协定中“not undermine”的落实也意味着新一轮国际海洋治理体系的变革,我国既要把握机遇,参与国际造法进程,也要及时做好国内因应。

Negative Pressure Wound Therapy with Multiple Drainage Holes for the Treatment of Pressure Ulcer with Undermining: Case Reports

Noninvasive treatment of pressure ulcers with undermining is often difficult. To decrease the risk of bleeding in such conditions, negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) has been applied. We treated a pressure ulcer with wide undermining using NPWT after opening drainage holes in the undermined area. This method can reduce the risk of bleeding and promote the rapid closure of the undermined area.

Petroleum geochemistry and origin of shallow-buried saline lacustrine oils in the slope zone of the Mahu sag, Junggar Basin, NW China

Recently, significant oil discoveries have been made in the shallower pay zones of the Jurassic Badaowan Formation (J_(1)b) in the Mahu Sag, Junggar Basin, Northwest China. However, little work has been done on the geochemical characteristics and origins of the oil in the J_(1)b reservoir. This study analyzes 44 oil and 14 source rock samples from the area in order to reveal their organic geochemical characteristics and the origins of the oils. The J_(1)b oils are characterized by a low Pr/Ph ratio and high β-carotene and gammacerane indices, which indicate that they were mainly generated from source rocks deposited in a hypersaline environment. The oils are also extremely enhanced in C_(29) regular steranes, possibly derived from halophilic algae. Oil-source correlation shows that the oils were derived from the Lower Permian Fengcheng Formation (P_(1)f) source rocks, which were deposited in a strongly stratified and highly saline water column with a predominance of algal/bacterial input in the organic matter. The source rocks of the Middle Permian lower-Wuerhe Formation (P_(2)w), which were deposited in fresh to slightly saline water conditions with a greater input of terrigenous organic matter, make only a minor contribution to the J_(1)b oils. The reconstruction of the oil accumulation process shows that the J_(1)b oil reservoir may have been twice charged during Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous and the Paleogene–Neogene, respectively. A large amount volume of hydrocarbons generated in the P_(1)f source rock and leaked from T_(1)b oil reservoirs migrated along faults connecting source beds and shallow-buried secondary faults into Jurassic traps, resulting in large-scale accumulations in J_(1)b. These results are crucial for understanding the petroleum system of the Mahu Sag and will provide valuable guidance for petroleum exploration in the shallower formations in the slope area of the sag.

基于CPSO-Elman神经网络矿井下可见光定位

针对传统矿井下定位方法精度偏低问题,提出一种混沌粒子群优化(CPSO)Elman神经网络矿井下可见光定位系统。由于Elman神经网络在初始化时存在参数设置的随机性导致预测精度不高,采用CPSO算法优化Elman神经网络,选取适合的各层的初始权值和阈值,用于提高神经网络拓扑的稳定性。仿真结果表明:在3.6 m×3.6 m×3.6 m的环境里,本文所提的算法的平均定位误差达到3.70 cm,最大定位误差为26.54 cm,在实验阶段的平均定位误差为5.91 cm,最大定位误差为36.95 cm,能够满足煤矿井下定位需求。

近距离下伏煤层采动影响巷道围岩稳定性分析

针对近距离下伏煤层采动影响上部轨道大巷变形失稳、围岩稳定性较差的问题,本文以张集煤矿北区14148工作面上方12m左右南翼轨道“Y”型大巷为工程背景,运用“竖三带”经验公式分析得出巷道与工作面之间的层位关系,采用数值模拟与现场实践相结合的方法,研究了近距离下伏煤层回采过程中上覆巷道应力分布特征及位移演化规律,确定了巷道重点支护部位。研究结果表明:上覆巷道位于覆岩裂隙带影响范围,围岩应力受工作面超前支承压力集中影响,呈先增大后急剧减小的趋势;围岩呈非对称性变形,变形速率随工作面推进呈三段式规律;顶板深部离层呈逐渐增大后平稳趋势,浅部离层呈先增大后减小的趋势。在此基础上提出了采前锚杆索预加固+采后U型棚“补强”巷道支护技术,数值模拟对比结果显示,补强支护后巷道两帮应力增大了9MPa,顶板下沉减少了103mm,巷道薄弱点位移量大幅减小,补强支护控制效果显著。实测结果表明,该支护方案能有效地控制巷道围岩变形,保证了矿井安全生产。

简易冲洗负压引流装置在合并窦道潜行慢性伤口中的应用

目的探讨简易冲洗负压引流装置在合并窦道潜行慢性伤口中的应用效果。方法选择2018年2月至2022年6月乐山市市中区人民医院骨科收治的69例合并窦道潜行的慢性伤口患者。根据患者接受的治疗方法不同,把采用简易冲洗负压引流装置治疗的36例患者纳入观察组,采用常规换药的33例患者纳入对照组,比较两组患者的换药次数、治疗时间及治疗后伤口体积变化。结果观察组换药次数明显少于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组治疗时间明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组治疗后第14、21天伤口体积比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论简易冲洗负压引流装置治疗合并窦道潜行慢性伤口能显著提高愈合效率,减少换药次数,缩短治疗时间,值得临床推广。

一次扣拱暗挖逆作法车站结构设计要点分析

随着城市地铁的快速发展,地铁线路通常会穿越人口密集、地面交通繁忙、地面建筑物林立、地下管线密布的市中心繁华地段,全暗挖法施工地铁车站在避免管线迁改、减少交通影响、改善施工环境等方面具有显著优势,但也具有施工条件受限、结构受力转换复杂、变形控制不利等特点。基于北京地铁14号线大望路站工程,分析了由于条件受限而采用全暗挖法施工的必要条件,针对一次扣拱暗挖法施工采用理论分析、数值计算、现场监测等手段对其结构受力体系、施工过程中地层变形控制等关键技术进行了系统分析和总结,揭示了该类型车站施工的受力和变形规律。

地位寻求行为导向、主管行为方式与员工主动助人

员工主动助人行为对组织的成功十分重要,这种行为往往取决于员工的地位寻求行为导向,却被以往研究忽略。基于社会等级信念理论,本研究解释了地位合作和竞争导向与员工主动助人行为之间关系,以及主管支持与阻抑的调节。本研究认为,地位合作和竞争导向与员工主动助人行为之间关系存在明显差别,对于上述关系,主管支持与阻抑的调节作用也存在明显差别。基于300套主管—员工两阶段配对数据的实证结果表明,地位合作导向正向影响员工主动助人行为,地位竞争导向负向影响员工主动助人行为,同时有关主管支持与阻抑调节作用的相关假设也得到了支持。上述研究发现不仅拓展了地位竞争动机的理论内容,而且还为组织提升员工主动助人行为提供了新思路。

BBNJ协定中的“不损害”释义及其法律模式

“不损害”的法律要求随着BBNJ协定立法进程的启动而出现,具体来自于BBNJ立法过程中的两份联合国大会决议。这一要求贯穿BBNJ立法全过程,所有版本的协定案文都载有“不损害”条款。该条款借鉴并丰富了《鱼类种群协定》中“不损害”的内涵,但在法律模式部分并未采用《鱼类种群协定》的“不妨害”模式,导致不能对其仅进行狭义解释。在“碎片化”背景下,“不损害”的法律意涵应当在“协调性原则”的指导下进行广义和狭义之间的折中解释,包含了促进和改善的内涵。BBNJ协定的具体机制安排也致力于实现“不损害”的法律意涵从而达成分散的治理框架体系化及促进全球协调合作。

石家庄市仓宁路跨越环城水系总体设计

石家庄市仓宁路作为石家庄东南三环片区的东向西城市主干路,红线内集齐了道路、桥梁、综合管廊、市政主管线、轨道交通等众多市政元素,跨越环城水系节点更是临近规划地铁站。结合跨越环城水系节点自然建设条件以及水系、园林、轨道、排水等各部门要求的边界条件,分专业展开分析桥梁、综合管廊、排水管线设计方案的可行性,最终确定了仓宁路的总体设计方案。

经结膜超微孔入路睑袋整形术联合阶梯式修复治疗方案的临床应用效果分析

目的:探讨经结膜超微孔入路睑袋整形术联合阶梯式治疗方案对中老年患者的临床效果。方法:回顾性分析2019年9月-2023年1月期间于武汉、青岛、郑州三地就诊的685例要求睑袋整复的中老年患者临床资料,探讨应用经结膜超微孔入路睑袋整形术、结合术中眶隔脂肪移植填充泪沟,术后3周,随访中根据皮肤改善情况与患者诉求选择行无创、微创或局部皮肤抗衰老等联合治疗方案进一步修复调整,这一系列综合治疗方案在中老年睑袋整复中的应用效果。结果:一期经结膜超微孔睑袋整形术结合术中眶隔脂肪移植填充泪沟治疗,患者术后满意率85.3%,再次调整手术后整体满意率为93.4%。术后整体效果好,且无严重并发症发生。结论:经结膜超微孔入路睑袋整形术联合阶梯式修复调整治疗方案创伤小、恢复快,综合美学修复效果良好,患者易于接受,具有很好的可操作性及临床实施价值。

地铁暗挖工程不降水施工关键技术研究与应用

在过去的50年,北京地铁暗挖工程主要以降水方案组织施工,使大量水资源流失。为保护地下水资源,北京连续出台了多项管控措施,对水资源进行了严格的限制和计量并征收水资源税。为响应北京市重大项目建设指挥部办公室提出的“在轨道交通工程建设中采用不降水(或少降水)施工,提高不降水(或少降水)施工技术水平”的要求。因此,开展暗挖工程不降水施工技术研究是必要和迫切的。本工程针对地铁暗挖工程不降水相关工法进行了深入广泛的调研,创新性地提出并实施了低净空下咬合桩施工技术和暗挖隧道机械化止水帷幕注浆施工技术,首次安全实现了地铁暗挖工程不降水施工,为后续不降水暗挖设计与施工提供参考。

Ground motion duration effect on responses of hydraulic shallow-buried tunnel under SV-waves excitations

Although intensive research of the influence of ground motion duration on structural cumulative damage has been carried out, the influence of dynamic responses in underground tunnels remains a heated debate. This study attempts to highlight the importance of the ground motion duration effect on hydraulic tunnels subjected to deep-focus earthquakes. In the study, a set of 18 recorded accelerograms with a wide-range of durations were employed. A spectrally equivalent method serves to distinguish the effect of duration from other ground motion features, and then the seismic input model was simulated using SV-wave excitation based on a viscous-spring boundary, which was verified by the time-domain waves analysis method. The nonlinear analysis results demonstrate that the risk of collapse of the hydraulic tunnel is higher under long-duration ground motion than that of short-duration ground motion of the same seismic intensity. In a low intensity earthquake, the ground motion duration has little effect on the damage energy consumption of a hydraulic tunnel lining, but in a high intensity earthquake, dissipation of the damage energy and damage index of concrete shows a nonlinear growth trend accompanied by the increase of ground motion duration, which has a great influence on the deformation and stress of hydraulic tunnels, and correlation analysis shows that the correlation coefficient is greater than 0.8. Therefore, the duration of ground motion should be taken into consideration except for its intensity and frequency content in the design of hydraulic tunnel, and evaluation of seismic risk.

Prediction of multi-borehole undermine coalbed gas drainage

By analyzing the flow character of a single drainage borehole in its effectingtime and the correlative theory introduced,the reason for 'inflexion' appearance in theflow character curve of the single draining borehole in a multi-borehole was studied.Takingthe theory of permeation fluid mechanics and so on as basis,the coalbed gas flowmodel was set up,and the numerical simulation analyzer was built for undermine gasproducts.With the results from the analyzer,the gas capacity could be calculated underdifferent conditions and comparisons made with the site measurement data.

Dynamic Response of Shallow-Buried Tunnels Traversing High Loess Slopes

Considering the existence of numerous shallow-buried tunnels traversing high slopes in the loess area in western China and the fact of high seismic intensity there,we investigate the dynamic response rules of a shallow-buried loess tunnel and its slope under the action of seismic waves with different intensities.Through large-scale shaking table model tests,we successfully analyze the characteristics and process of the destabilization of tunnels and slopes,and propose valuable suggestions regarding the reinforcement parts of a tunnel for reducing seismic damage.The results show that the main seismic damage on a slope include the failure of the sliding surface between the top and foot and the stripping of the soil around the tunnel entrance,while the damage on a tunnel is mainly manifested as the seismic-induced subsidence at the portal section and the cracking deformation at the joint areas.Finally,we propose that the“staggered peak distribution”phenomenon of the maximum acceleration values at the vault and inverted arch area can be considered as a criterion indicating that the tunnel enters into the threshold of dynamic failure.

社会阻抑对道德型领导影响员工组织公民行为的调节机制

道德型领导的下行效应受组织情境和个人认知两方面因素的制约。根据社会交换理论,考察社会阻抑氛围通过员工−领导道德基础的差异性对道德型领导影响员工的组织公民行为产生的阻抑作用。通过262份领导与员工配对数据的实证研究发现,领导−成员交换关系在道德型领导与员工组织公民行为之间起中介作用;员工−领导道德基础差异性负向调节道德型领导与领导−成员社会交换之间的关系;组织的社会阻抑氛围负向调节道德型领导与领导−成员社会交换之间的关系,并通过员工−领导道德基础差异性的中介作用阻抑道德型领导的下行影响。研究证实,组织社会阻抑氛围会扩大领导和员工之间的道德基础差异程度,进而阻抑道德型领导对员工组织公民行为的积极影响,道德基础差异性的调节作用能够为道德型领导下行效应的阻抑机制提供新的阐释。

矿用本安型应急通信终端在矿下应急通信中的应用

针对矿下各种突发安全事故对应急通信的要求,研究出了一款可以在矿下安全使用的矿用本安型应急通信终端。该终端采用防爆的本质安全型构造,可以在矿下采集音视频信息、视频共享分发以及稳定的信息回传调度,具有独立的通信传输能力,可在矿下稳定工作至少7 h。在背负式Mesh基站的点对点配合下,能够针对矿下复杂的救援环境工作,并且可以实现对矿下情景的全记录。该设备已成功的应用于矿下融合网络应急通信指挥系统中,为矿下应急通信救援工作提供了关键装备,也提高了矿下应急救援的效率。

BBNJ国际协定一揽子事项的谈判分歧与消解路径

当前,BBNJ国际协定的政府间谈判已近尾声,但各国基于自身利益最大化的考量,在海洋遗传资源的法律属性与货币惠益分享、划区管理工具和环境影响评估的决策权等问题上仍存在根本的对立或明显的意见分歧,致使谈判陷入停滞。消解各方分歧,应坚持BBNJ国际协定“不损害”现有文书和机构的立法定位,确保制度可行性,保持国家间利益均衡。因此,国际社会应明确发展中国家与发达国家的差异性需求,以交换正义兼顾各方利益;秉持海洋命运共同体的理念,促进BBNJ养护制度的达成;采用多种方式培育新的共识,不因谈判期限而牺牲内容。

简谈市政隧道施工浅埋暗挖技术的应用

众所周知,市政隧道施工是一项复杂的、系统的工作.在开展市政隧道施工过程中,应全面考虑周围环境情况.浅埋暗挖技术是隧道施工中的常用技术,具有适应性、灵活性均比较好的优势,有利于提高隧道施工质量.通过浅埋暗挖施工技术的有效使用,可以进一步提高市政隧道工程的施工效果,保证隧道工程施工效率和稳定性.因此,文章主要进行了相关阐述,旨在为工程建设单位谋取更高经济效益和社会效益.

Dynamic response of sandwich panel attached with a double mass-spring-damping system to shallow-buried explosion:Analytical modeling

How to ensure the safety of occupants has become a challenge for protective design of armored vehicles against intensive blast loadings.In this study,for armored vehicles subjected to shallow-buried explosions,an analytical model was established to characterize the dynamic performance of an all-metallic sandwich floorboard attached with a double mass-spring-damping system(mimicking seat and occupant),with the former consisting of a front face,a core and a rear face.For validation,numerical simulations with the method of finite elements(FE)were performed.Good agreement between analytical predictions and numerical results was achieved.The analytical model was then employed to quantify the effects of explosive mass,yield stress of material make,configurational parameters of sandwich panel,spring stiffness,and damping coefficient on dynamic response of the sandwich panel and double mass-spring-damping system.With increasing explosive mass and decreasing yield stress of material make,the peak displacements of rear face,seat and occupant were all found to increase.As core relative density was increased,these peak displacements also increased when the ratio of face thickness to core height was relatively small.Increasing the ratio of face thickness to core height led to increased peak accelerations of seat and occupant.The peak displacement of rear face was insensitive to the increase of either spring stiffness or damping coefficient,while the peak acceleration of occupant increased with increasing spring stiffness.Upon increasing the damping coefficient between the rear face and seat or that between the seat and occupant or both,the peak acceleration of occupant increased.With occupant safety duly considered,the proposed analytical model provides useful guidance for designing high-performance protective structures for armored vehicles subjected to intensive blast loadings.