The hot-spring snakes,Thermophis, were previously known only from the Tibet Autonomous Region and Western Sichuan, China. During the past two years, three adult hot-spring snakes （2 females, 1 male） were sampled in ...The hot-spring snakes,Thermophis, were previously known only from the Tibet Autonomous Region and Western Sichuan, China. During the past two years, three adult hot-spring snakes （2 females, 1 male） were sampled in Shangri-La, northern Yunnan, China, thus expanding their known distribution region towards the southeast. This site is the southeastern-most corner of the Tibetan Plateau and the southernmost tip of the Hengduan Mountains （Mts.）. Phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial （mt） and nuclear （n） DNA segments suggested that the three specimens belong to the genus ofThermophis. Morphologically, the new species is more similar toT. zhaoermii. However, it is distinguished fromT.zhaoermiiin the number of maxillary teeth （15）, distance between the two eyes/head width, rostral width/height, mental width/height, in one character limited to female： head width/length, and in four characters restricted to male： occurrence of the reduction from 10 to 8 （8 to 6, 6 to 4） scales in each dorsal row on the tail. There are differences in morphology, genetics （mtDNA, nDNA）, and geography between the putative new species andT.zhaoermii,the new species meets our proposed eclectic and feasible ＂four-differences＂ rule.展开更多
Bark beetle species in natural stands of spruce, Picea crassifolia （Kom.） were investigated in Maixiu Forest Park, Qinghai Province, northwest China, during 2005 and 2007. Two pioneer Ips species, Ips nitidus Eggers...Bark beetle species in natural stands of spruce, Picea crassifolia （Kom.） were investigated in Maixiu Forest Park, Qinghai Province, northwest China, during 2005 and 2007. Two pioneer Ips species, Ips nitidus Eggers and Ips shangrila Cognato and Sun were found. I. nitidus occurs naturally in northwest China. I. shangrila is a new species in the world. In the past, it was confused with I. mannsfeldi Wachtl in China. The damage of these two Ips species has been very severe in Maixiu and the morphological and bio-logical characteristics were studied. I. nitidus starts to fly in early May and prefers the mid to lower part of the host tree to colonize as its habitat. I. shangrila always infests from the top of the trunk, especially in branches larger than 3 cm in diameter in the crowns and sometimes even colonizes entire young trees. The two Ips species are the most destructive secondary bark beetles on P. crassifolia and always cause mortality of trees by their cooperation.展开更多
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31471968, 31090250, 31372152)supported by grants from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (MOST Grant 2011FY120200)+5 种基金the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS KSCX2EW-Z-2 KSCX2-EW-Q-9)the Bureau of Science and Technology of Yunnan Province to ZYPthe Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD)the Department of education of Sichuan Province (13TD0027)
文摘The hot-spring snakes,Thermophis, were previously known only from the Tibet Autonomous Region and Western Sichuan, China. During the past two years, three adult hot-spring snakes （2 females, 1 male） were sampled in Shangri-La, northern Yunnan, China, thus expanding their known distribution region towards the southeast. This site is the southeastern-most corner of the Tibetan Plateau and the southernmost tip of the Hengduan Mountains （Mts.）. Phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial （mt） and nuclear （n） DNA segments suggested that the three specimens belong to the genus ofThermophis. Morphologically, the new species is more similar toT. zhaoermii. However, it is distinguished fromT.zhaoermiiin the number of maxillary teeth （15）, distance between the two eyes/head width, rostral width/height, mental width/height, in one character limited to female： head width/length, and in four characters restricted to male： occurrence of the reduction from 10 to 8 （8 to 6, 6 to 4） scales in each dorsal row on the tail. There are differences in morphology, genetics （mtDNA, nDNA）, and geography between the putative new species andT.zhaoermii,the new species meets our proposed eclectic and feasible ＂four-differences＂ rule.
文摘Bark beetle species in natural stands of spruce, Picea crassifolia （Kom.） were investigated in Maixiu Forest Park, Qinghai Province, northwest China, during 2005 and 2007. Two pioneer Ips species, Ips nitidus Eggers and Ips shangrila Cognato and Sun were found. I. nitidus occurs naturally in northwest China. I. shangrila is a new species in the world. In the past, it was confused with I. mannsfeldi Wachtl in China. The damage of these two Ips species has been very severe in Maixiu and the morphological and bio-logical characteristics were studied. I. nitidus starts to fly in early May and prefers the mid to lower part of the host tree to colonize as its habitat. I. shangrila always infests from the top of the trunk, especially in branches larger than 3 cm in diameter in the crowns and sometimes even colonizes entire young trees. The two Ips species are the most destructive secondary bark beetles on P. crassifolia and always cause mortality of trees by their cooperation.
