A Novel Contour Tracing Algorithm for Object Shape Reconstruction Using Parametric Curves

Parametric curves such as Bézier and B-splines, originally developedfor the design of automobile bodies, are now also used in image processing andcomputer vision. For example, reconstructing an object shape in an image,including different translations, scales, and orientations, can be performedusing these parametric curves. For this, Bézier and B-spline curves can be generatedusing a point set that belongs to the outer boundary of the object. Theresulting object shape can be used in computer vision fields, such as searchingand segmentation methods and training machine learning algorithms. Theprerequisite for reconstructing the shape with parametric curves is to obtainsequentially the points in the point set. In this study, a novel algorithm hasbeen developed that sequentially obtains the pixel locations constituting theouter boundary of the object. The proposed algorithm, unlike the methods inthe literature, is implemented using a filter containing weights and an outercircle surrounding the object. In a binary format image, the starting point ofthe tracing is determined using the outer circle, and the next tracing movementand the pixel to be labeled as the boundary point is found by the filter weights.Then, control points that define the curve shape are selected by reducing thenumber of sequential points. Thus, the Bézier and B-spline curve equationsdescribing the shape are obtained using these points. In addition, differenttranslations, scales, and rotations of the object shape are easily provided bychanging the positions of the control points. It has also been shown that themissing part of the object can be completed thanks to the parametric curves.

Multi-objective strategy to optimize dithering technique for high-quality three-dimensional shape measurement

Dithering optimization techniques can be divided into the phase-optimized technique and the intensity-optimized technique. The problem with the former is the poor sensitivity to various defocusing amounts, and the problem with the latter is that it cannot enhance phase quality directly nor efficiently. In this paper, we present a multi-objective optimization framework for three-dimensional(3D) measurement by utilizing binary defocusing technique. Moreover, a binary patch optimization technique is used to solve the time-consuming issue of genetic algorithm. It is demonstrated that the presented technique consistently obtains significant phase performance improvement under various defocusing amounts.

Circular object recognition based on shape parameters

To recognize circular objects rapidly in satellite remote sensing imagery, an approach using their geometry properties is presented. The original image is segmented to be a binary one by one dimension maximum entropy threshold algorithm and the binary image is labeled with an algorithm based on recursion technique. Then, shape parameters of all labeled regions are calculated and those regions with shape parameters satisfying certain conditions are recognized as circular objects. The algorithm is described in detail, and comparison experiments with the randomized Hough transformation （RHT） are also provided. The experimental results on synthetic images and real images show that the proposed method has the merits of fast recognition rate, high recognition efficiency and the ability of anti-noise and anti-jamming. In addition, the method performs well when some circular objects are little deformed and partly misshapen.

Modeling Real Objects for Kansei-based Shape Retrieval

A large number of 3D models are created on computers and available for networks. Some content-based retrieval technologies are indispensable to find out particular data from such anonymous datasets. Though several shape retrieval technologies have been developed, little attention has been given to the points on human＇s sense and impression （as known as Kansei） in the conventional techniques, In this paper, the authors propose a novel method of shape retrieval based on shape impression of human＇s Kansei. The key to the method is the Gaussian curvature distribution from 3D models as features for shape retrieval. Then it classifies the 3D models by extracted feature and measures similarity among models in storage.

Complex Object Shapes Recognition. Automatic Aid Photointerpretation in a Satellite Image

The interpretation of geological structures on earth observation images involves like many other domains to both visual observation as well as specialized knowledge. To help this process and make it more objective, we propose a method to extract the components of complex shapes with a geological significance. Thus, remote sensing allows the production of digital recordings reflecting the objects’ brightness measures on the soil. These recordings are often presented as images and ready to be computer automatically processed. The numerical techniques used exploit the morphology ma- thematical transformations properties. Presentation shows the operations’ sequences with tailored properties. The example shown is a portion of an anticline fraction in which the organization shows clearly oriented entities. The results are obtained by a procedure with an interest in the geological reasoning: it is the extraction of entities involved in the observed structure and the exploration of the main direction of a set of objects striking the structure. Extraction of elementary entities is made by their physical and physiognomic characteristics recognition such as reflectance, the shadow effect, size, shape or orientation. The resulting image must then be stripped frequently of many artifacts. Another sequence has been developed to minimize the noise due to the direct identification of physical measures contained in the image. Data from different spectral bands are first filtered by an operator of grayscale morphology to remove high frequency spatial components. The image then obtained in the treatment that follows is therefore more compact and closer to the needs of the geologist. The search for significant overall direction comes from interception measures sampling a rotation from 0 to 180 degrees. The results obtained show a clear geological significance of the organization of the extracted objects.

An Objective Measure to Evaluate Actual Body Shape among Children and Adolescents in China

Objective The purpose of this study was to explore an objective measure to assess actual body shape of children and adolescents in China. Methods Based on the Chinese National Survey on Student＇s Constitution and Health （CNSSCH） in 2005, 210 927 children and adolescents＇ （7-18 years） body height, body weight, chest circumference, sitting height, chest circumference-height ratio, chest circumference-sitting height ratio, chest circumference-low limb ratio, and sitting height-low limb ratio measurements were used to develop an objective measure by using transformation variables and explored factor analysis （EFA）. Discrimination power of the objective measure was evaluated based on BMI reference and Receiver Operating Characteristic curves （ROC）. Results The objective measure included four dimensions scores：transverse dimension （TD） indicating weight and chest circumference; length dimension （LD） indicating height and sitting height;transverse-length ratio dimension （TLD） indicating chest circumference-height ratio, chest circumference-sitting height and chest circumference-low limb ratio; proportion dimension （PD） indicating sitting height-low limb ratio. The whole dimension （WD） indicating the whole body shape was showed by the average of four dimensions scores. Four dimensions and WD scores were approximately 80 in children and adolescents with normal weight, and higher than those of overweight, obesity, and underweight （all P-values〈0.001）. Areas under ROC of overweight and obesity compared with normal weight ranged from 0.88 to 1.00 for scores of TD, TLD, and WD. Conclusion The objective measure which included four dimensions was explored, and TD, TLD, and WD had significant discrimination power.

Analysis of Object Depth Effects on Accuracy of Dimensional Shape in X and Y Directions Using Single Non-metric Image

一般来说，重建大楼的精确形状，我们为每座大楼需要至少一个立体声模型(二张相片) 。然而，在大多数情况中，仅仅一张单个非公制的相片是可得到的，它是由一个业余运动员的通常获得的任何一个，例如一个旅游者，或从一份报纸或一张明信片。从一幅单个非公制的图象评估 3D 重建的有效性，当这被认为是，这研究借助于模拟法用一幅单个非公制的图象在 X 和 Y 方向在维的形状的精确性上分析目标深度的效果在大多数情况中，在记录并且记录大楼的数据收集的主要来源。

基于NSGA-Ⅱ传感位置优化的曲面重构及误差补偿方法

通过优化光纤布拉格光栅形状传感技术中传感点位置和补偿重构结果来提高薄层合金板三维形状重构精度。通过ANSYS workbench建立合金板仿真模型,提取应变和位移模态振型,根据模态置信准则、转换矩阵稳定性和模态振型相似性分别设计了三个目标函数,采用快速和精英机制的多目标遗传算法优化传感器位置。将镍钛合金板弯曲成不同曲率半径的弧形,利用光纤布拉格光栅中心波长漂移量和线性插值算法计算得出不同形状下的结构应变,重构合金板形状,均方根误差和最大误差相较于单目标优化算法分别减小30%和15%。利用粒子群优化径向基函数神经网络算法拟合误差与位移的关系实现误差补偿,均方根误差和最大误差比无补偿时分别减小了90%和70%,最大相对百分比误差仅为5%,提高了三维形状重构算法精度。

苏轼“随物赋形”命题的功能发展

苏轼散文中“随物赋形”一词最初指水随着外界环境变化而改变自己形态的特点,之后发挥出“随物赋形”在为人与为文两方面的理论功能。随物赋形思想既整合了道、佛两家相关的思想,也是对陶渊明人生态度、谢赫相关画论的发展及个人生活经历的理论互动。这一命题在苏轼的书写过程中逐渐增强概括与统摄功能,伴随着这一命题的经典化,其在文学理论领域兼具概括阐释功能与创作实践指导功能的意义不断凸显,一方面持续启迪相关概念、命题的提出和文本的创作,另一方面也以一种风格形态成为理论和创作的评价标准。

赋形反射面天线的约束多目标优化设计研究

赋形反射面天线通常使用单目标优化算法进行设计,当期望波束特性具有多个相互冲突的目标和约束限制时,将无法确保输出最优解.为此,提出了该类天线的约束多目标优化方法 .基于有希望区域优化和自适应约束位移密度估计的思想,设计一种新型双种群协同进化约束多目标优化算法DPBE,在基准测试套件与其他3种主流算法的对比表明,该算法具备更强的全局寻优性与稳定性.将该算法应用于19~21 GHz单偏置抛物反射面天线的平顶波束赋形中,并与单目标优化算法IWO和多目标优化算法NSGA-II-DE在同型初始天线的不同优化模型下进行了性能对比,发现所提方法能在单次运行中满足所有约束条件并取得最佳结果 .

基于NEDC路谱的对称与非对称型永磁同步电机优化设计

用于电动汽车的永磁同步电机不仅需要考虑额定工况的性能,还需要考虑整个路谱下的综合效率。基于此,介绍了一种基于新标欧洲循环测试(NEDC)路谱的非对称V型内嵌式永磁同步电机优化设计方法。将上述非对称电机中永磁体上下两部分的几何参数分别作为独立参数进行参数化建模,然后以NEDC效率和转矩成本比为优化目标,采用遗传算法分别对对称和非对称V型永磁同步电机进行多目标优化。最后,选取帕累托前沿上的最佳设计点进行电磁性能仿真比较。仿真结果表明,与对称结构相比,非对称转子结构由于磁场偏移效应而表现出更强的转矩性能。因此,非对称V型永磁同步电机具有更加优异的电磁性能和更低的制造成本,在电动汽车领域具有广阔的应用前景。

破片杀伤战斗部空爆状态下车顶夹芯板防护性能分析与优化设计

在现代战争中,为实现远程精确打击,众多破片杀伤战斗部选择车辆顶部作为首选攻击位置,而目前国内外关于冲击波和破片联合作用下车辆顶部防护的研究基本没有。为提高特种车辆顶部防护性能并实现结构轻量化设计,通过北约一级替代装药爆炸试验和破片飞散理论计算,验证了数值模拟的有效性和准确性。根据LS-DYNA软件分析结果数据和破片外弹道方程,采用Python软件等编写用于分析不同起爆高度下破片落点分布的解算处理程序。设计一种I-Y型夹芯板,并与另外5种不同结构夹芯板的防护性能进行综合比较,证明了该型板的优越性。进而以质量损失、能量吸收、背板峰值位移及破片速度分布为评价标准,研究炸药起爆方式、炸药相对位置、面板和背板厚度、夹芯层结构参数对I-Y型板防护性能的影响。选择面板厚度、背板厚度、夹芯层高度和胞元宽度为设计变量,以背板峰值位移和夹芯板质量为优化目标,用最优拉丁超立方试验方法进行采样,采用Kriging法构建代理模型,用非支配排序遗传算法进行多目标优化求解,并对最优解进行仿真验证,为冲击波和破片联合作用下车顶防护结构优化设计提供了支持。

一种基于LiDAR-IMU-GNSS系统同步进行车辆定位和路旁杆状物清查的方法

目前,利用移动激光雷达系统(MLS)收集环境信息并生成路旁杆状物位置清单受设备成本限制,实时性能差。尽管基于激光雷达的同步定位和建图技术(SLAM)在导航领域得到广泛应用,但尚未有关于同步实时定位和创建路旁杆状物清单的研究。为此,文章提出一种利用激光雷达技术实现车辆定位和路旁杆状物绝对位置清单创建的方法,旨在构建一个准确而稳健的车辆定位和路旁杆状物清单创建系统。其首先通过将激光雷达与惯性测量单元(IMU)和全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)融合,实现精确的位姿估计并生成全局地图;其次,构建了一种基于滑动窗口的优化融合定位算法,有效整合了多传感器信息,提高了系统的鲁棒性;然后,提出了一种使用SLAM特征提取算法创建路旁杆状物清单的方法,从而降低了同步进行车辆定位和路旁杆状物清单创建的计算成本;最后,对涵盖城市和郊区等各种道路场景的真实数据集进行广泛评估。实验结果表明,文中所提系统在实时自动创建路旁杆状物绝对位置清单的同时实现了厘米级车辆定位精度,平均定位误差在3 cm以内。

基于改进NSGA-Ⅱ的交叉口信号配时多目标优化

针对城市交叉口信号配时多目标优化的求解效率问题,设计了一种基于改进NSGA-Ⅱ的城市交叉口信号配时优化方案。该方法采纳车辆延误、停车次数、通行能力3个评价指标设计了多目标信号配时优化模型,并提出了改进的NSGA-Ⅱ(NSGA-Ⅱ-DE)对配时模型进行求解。NSGA-Ⅱ-DE采用DE/Rand/1的全局变异策略对NSGA-Ⅱ算法选择策略进行改进,并设计了种群动态更新算法,提高了算法的收敛速度和求解精度。结果表明改进算法获得了较好的Pareto最优解,通过典型交叉口仿真验证,相对于NSGA-Ⅱ算法,NSGA-Ⅱ-DE方法设计配时方案平均车辆延误优化提升13.42%,排队长度优化提升16.73%,平均停车次数优化提升15.50%,能够实现城市交叉口的最优化控制。

Formal Photograph Compression Algorithm Based on Object Segmentation

Small storage space for photographs in formal documents is increasingly necessary in today＇s needs for huge amounts of data communication and storage. Traditional compression algorithms do not sufficiently utilize the distinctness of formal photographs. That is, the object is an image of the human head, and the background is in unicolor. Therefore, the compression is of low efficiency and the image after compression is still space-consuming. This paper presents an image compression algorithm based on object segmentation for practical high-efficiency applications. To achieve high coding efficiency, shape-adaptive discrete wavelet transforms are used to transformation arbitrarily shaped objects. The areas of the human head and its background are compressed separately to reduce the coding redundancy of the background. Two methods, lossless image contour coding based on differential chain, and modified set partitioning in hierarchical trees （SPIHT） algorithm of arbitrary shape, are discussed in detail. The results of experiments show that when bit per pixel （bpp）is equal to 0.078, peak signal-to-noise ratio （PSNR） of reconstructed photograph will exceed the standard of SPIHT by nearly 4dB.

基于XGBoost-PSO的混凝土重力坝体型多目标优化设计

为解决重力坝优化设计以截面尺寸作为唯一设计变量,缺乏考虑材料属性对重力坝优化设计影响的问题,综合经济、抗震安全进行重力坝多目标优化设计方法研究,构建了综合经济、抗震安全指标的多因素评价体系;采用ABAQUS软件对重力坝进行有限元静动力分析,基于计算结果采用变权功效系数法进行量化评价;采用XGBoost-PSO算法进行寻优得到最终优化方案。实例验证结果表明:多目标优化方案与初始方案相比,在经济、抗震安全指标上都得到了明显改善;相比传统单目标优化模式,经济、安全多目标优化更适用于抗震安全要求高的重力坝工程。

RV减速器摆线轮齿廓多目标修形的优化与研究

在RV减速器的修形过程中,存在难以保证RV减速器承载能力和传动精度能够综合提升的问题,且以往关于修形的研究大多数都是单目标修形,为此,提出了一种以RV减速器承载能力和回差为目标的优化方法,并使用RV减速器综合性能检测台对修形后的RV减速器进行了回差动态实验。首先,考虑了摆线轮修形后的齿廓方程以及修形所需要RV减速器的具体参数,并对标准摆线轮产生的接触力进行了分析;然后,确定了摆线轮和针齿最大接触力的位置,得出了摆线轮齿作用力的计算方法;比较了摆线轮与针齿之间的初始啮合间隙以及摆线轮与针轮变形量的大小,对同时啮合的齿数进行了判断,采用MATLAB迭代计算的办法,计算了准确的最大接触力,并使用赫兹公式算出了最大接触力;最后,分析了不同的修形方式对回差的影响,并建立了多目标优化模型,采用改进后的NSGA-Ⅱ算法gamultiobj遗传算法进行了寻优,求解得到了最小适应度下的较优修形量;为验证该修形方法的准确性,使用RV减速器综合性能检测台对修形后的RV减速器进行了回差动态实验。研究结果表明:经过优化后摆线轮齿间最大接触应力相较于等距修形和移距修形分别降低了11%和13%,优化后的回差为0.013′,回差相较于等距修形和移距修形均得到了提高;以承载能力和回差为优化目标的多目标修形能够较好地解决RV减速器综合性能提升的问题。

地铁运用库上盖结构设计难点分析与工程应用

通过介绍地铁运用库上盖建筑开发的特点,分析了上盖结构体系普遍存在的底部刚度突变、竖向构件大量或全部转换等问题。以厦门第一个地铁上盖开发项目为例,阐述了地铁上盖结构设计的要点、难点,进行了大震下动力弹塑性分析,并对薄弱部位进行加强。根据项目施工存在分期情况,提出了相应的解决措施,可为同类型项目结构设计提供思路和参考。

U型节流槽气穴流仿真分析及多目标优化

利用流场仿真软件对不同开度下的U型节流槽气穴进行仿真分析。通过改变U型节流槽的槽宽B、槽深H、槽长L,讨论了3个参数对气穴体积和气蚀指数σ_(A_(im))的影响。采用正交试验设计方法得到3个结构参数的试验方案,共计16组,利用Kriging曲面插值法求得在3个因素尺寸范围内的所有试验结果,再利用多目标优化算法NSGA-Ⅱ来减小气穴体积和气蚀指数从而实现多目标优化。数值仿真验证结果表明,优化后的U型节流槽结构能够减小气穴体积和气蚀指数。