Experimental study on box shape steel reinforced concrete beam

Experimental study on the fundamental behavior of box shape steel reinforced concrete （SRC） beams was conducted. Seven 1 ： 3 scale model SRC beams were tested to failure. The experimental results indicate that the flexural strength increases with the increase of the ratio of flexural reinforcement and the thickness of flange of the shape steel; the shear strength increases with the increase in the thickness of the web of the shape steel. Concrete filled in the box shape steel can prevent the early failure of specimens due to the buckling of the box shape steel, and increase the ultimate load. Measures should be made to strengthen the connection and co-work between the shape steel and the concrete. Formulae for flexural and shear strength of the composite beams are proposed, and the calculated results are in good agreement with the experimental results. In general, the box shape SRC beam is a kind of ductile member, and it is suitable for extensive engineering application.

Seismic Behavior of Diaphragm-Through Connections of Concrete-Filled Square Steel Tubular Columns and H-Shaped Steel Beams

Based on the introductions of a type of diaphragm-through connection between concrete-filled square steel tubular columns (CFSSTCs) and H-shaped steel beams,a finite element model of the connection is developed and used to investigate the seismic behavior of the connection.The results of the finite element model are validated by a set of cyclic loading tests.The cyclic loading tests and the finite element analyses indicate that the failure mode of the suggested connections is plastic hinge at the beam with inelastic rotation angle exceeding 0.04 rad.The suggested connections have sufficient strength,plastic deformation and energy dissipation capacity to be used in composite moment frames as beam-to-column rigid connections.

Microstructures and properties of capacitor discharge welded joint of TiNi shape memory alloy and stainless steel

Microstructures and properties of capacitor discharge welded （CDW） joint of TiNi shape memory alloy （ SMA ） and stainless steel （SS） were studied. The fracture characteristics of the joint were analyzed by means of scanning electron microscope （ SEM）. Microstructures of the joint were examined by means of optical microscope and SEM. The results showed that the teusile strength of the inhomogeneous joint （ TiNi-SS joint） was low and the joint was brittle. Because TiNi SMA and SS melted, a brittle as-cast structure and compound were formed in the weld. The tensile strength and the shape memory effect （SME） of TiNi-SS joint were strongly influenced by the changes of composition and structure of the weld. Measures should be taken to prevent defects from forming and extruding excessive molten metal in the weld for improving the properties of TiNi-SS joint.

Microstructures and mechanical properties of laser-welded TiNi shape memory alloy and stainless steel wires

The Nd ： YAG laser welding was used to join the TiNi shape memory alloy and AISI304 stainless steel wires. The microstructural features of the dissimilar material joint were analyzed. The tensile and hardness tests were carried out to examine the mechanical properties and microhardness distribution of the welded joint. The results show that the joint has the non-homogeneous microstructure and element distribution. The brittle phases such as Fe2 Ti , Fe Ti , Cr2 Ti , Ti3 Ni4, Feo 2 Ni4.s Ti5 and TiN mainly segregate in rich Ti region of fusion zone. The laser-welded joint has the tensile strength of 298 MPa with the elongation of 3.72 % and exhibits the brittle fracture features on the fracture surfaces. The reasons for low joint strength were discussed in this investigation.

Microstructures and properties of welded joint of TiNi shape memory alloy and stainless steel

The fracture characteristics of the joint were analyzed by means of scanning electron microscope. Microstructures of the joint were examined by means of optical microscope, SEM and an image analyzer. The results show that the tensile strength of the inhomogeneous joint of TiNi shape memory alloy and stainless steel is lower than that of the homogeneous joint and a plastic field appears in the heat affected zone on the side of TiNi shape memory alloy. Because TiNi shape memory alloy and stainless steel melted, a brittle as-cast structure was formed in the weld. The tensile strength and the shape memory effect of the inhomogeneous joint are strongly influenced by the changes of composition and structure of the joint. Measures should be taken to reduce the base metal melting and prevent the weld metal from the invasion by O for improving the properties of the TiNi shape memory alloy and stainless steel inhomogeneous joint.

Effect of groove shapes on mechanical properties of welded joints of ASTM4130 steel

The 30 mm thick ASTM4130 steel pipe was fabricated by gas tungsten arc welding and shielded metal arc welding under quenched and tempered conditions. Whereafier, the mechanical properties of welded joints of both V groove and combination double V groove were measured, while the microstructure feature and fracture morphology of both welded joints were investigated. Moreover, the effect of groove shapes on the properties of welded joints was explored. The results show that the welding efficiency of the combination double V groove joint is as two times as that of the V groove joint. But the hardness and toughness of the heat-affected zone （HAZ） with combination double V groove can not satisfy the requirements. Also, the coarse grain heat-affected zone （CGHAZ） of the cap layer is mainly composed of granular bainite, tempered martensite and a small amount of carbon-free bainite, and the fractured swface of the fusion line is entirely dominated by the quasi-cleavage mode. That the mechanical properties of the combination double V groove are lower than that of the V groove lie in the penetration ratio, welding heat input, and the areas and distribution feature of brittle zones. The combination double V groove is not suitable for the fabricating of ASTM4130 steel.

Hysteretic behavior of special shaped columns composed of steel and reinforced concrete(SRC)

This paper describes a series of experimental investigations on seventeen specimens of steel reinforced concrete special shaped(SRCSS) columns under low cyclic reversed loading using parallel crosshead equipment. Nine T-shaped SRC columns, four L-shaped SRC columns and four +-shaped SRC columns were tested to examine the effects of shape steel confi guration, loading angle, axial compressive ratio and shear-span ratio on the behavior(strength, stiffness, energy dissipation, ductility, etc.) of SRCSS column specimens. The failure modes and hysteretic performance of all the specimens were obtained in the tests. Test results demonstrate that the shear-span ratio is the main parameter affecting the failure modes of SRCSS columns. The specimens with small shear-span ratio are prone to shear failure, and the primary failure planes in SRCSS columns are parallel to the loading direction. As a result, there is a symmetry between positive and negative loading directions in the hysteretic curves of the SRCSS columns. The majority of displacement ductility coeffi cients for all the specimens are over 3.0, so that the SRCSS columns demonstrate a better deformation capacity. In addition, the equivalent viscous damping coeffi cients of all the specimens are greater than 0.2, indicating that the seismic behavior of SRCSS columns is adequate. Finally, the superposition theory was used to calculate the limits of axial compressive ratio for the specimens, and it is found that the test axial compressive ratio is close to or smaller than the calculated axial compressive ratio limit.

Extrusion process of 304L H-shaped stainless steel used in passive residual heat removal heat exchanger

304L H-shaped stainless steel is used as the support frame of the passive residual heat removal heat exchanger(PRHR HX) in a nuclear fission reactor. The extrusion process is adopted to manufacture the 304L H-shaped stainless steel. Finite element method simulation is herein used to analyze metal flow characteristics, optimize the extrusion die, and predict the extrusion force at different temperatures and speeds. A Φ400-mm container and Φ388-mm forging billet are selected, and the 304L H-shaped stainless steel is successfully manufactured using a Germany SMS 60 MN horizontal extruder. The mechanical properties and microstructure of the manufactured 304L H-shaped stainless steel meet the requirements of the PRHR HX, and the surfaces of the product pass the dye penetration test. The H-shaped stainless steels are used in Haiyang nuclear power plant in Shandong Province.

L形冷弯薄壁型钢组合钢管混凝土柱轴压性能

为解决异形钢管混凝土柱阴角对其承载力的影响,提出了用1个冷弯薄壁方钢管和2个U形钢管焊接成L形钢管,内填充混凝土形成L形冷弯薄壁型钢组合钢管混凝土柱形式。设计了5组共10根试件的轴压试验,并开展了有限元参数分析,研究了钢管厚度、U形管外伸长度和钢材强度等参数对构件承载力和延性等力学性能的影响。结果表明:该类试件的主要破坏形态为中上部局部鼓曲破坏,适量增大U形管外伸长度可以提高承载力,但增大到一定程度之后易发生弯扭破坏;承载力和延性随着钢管厚度和钢材强度增大而增加;混凝土强度对构件的初始刚度和峰值荷载的影响都很小,但对曲线下降段的影响较大;试件端部和中部截面阴角处的混凝土应力值比各边中部更大,说明采用U形钢管与方钢管组合的方式改善了阴角处钢管对混凝土约束普遍较弱的问题。基于“统一理论”,给出了两种承载力建议计算公式,与试验结果吻合较好,两种计算方法在0.44~1.94的约束效应系数范围内具有良好的适用性。

基于特征点检测的热态H型钢断面尺寸测量算法研究

针对当前热态H型钢断面全尺寸测量需求,设计了一种基于线结构光的热态H型钢断面尺寸测量系统。测量系统由4个线结构光子系统、H型钢、电机等组成,通过各侧相机对H型钢进行图像采集,并将测量数据拼接实现热态H型钢断面全尺寸测量。为实现热态H型钢断面轮廓信息的精确提取,提出一种基于法线的高斯滤波线结构光中心线提取方法,分析高斯滤波对线结构光截面灰度分布对称均匀程度的影响规律,利用几何矩构建高斯截面灰度分布模型;在构建的模型基础上,设计一种基于法线的线结构光中心线提取方法,根据初提取中心线法线方向进行中心坐标计算和插值优化,实现热态H型钢线结构光图像中心线快速高精度提取。设计一种基于特征点检测的热态H型钢断面尺寸测量算法,分析热态H型钢轮廓形状特点和数学特征,拾取尺寸特征点,实现热态H型钢断面全尺寸测量。结果表明,与考虑膨胀系数后的热态H型钢尺寸相比,高度、宽度和翼缘的最大相对误差分别为0.06%、1.8%和1.76%;腹板厚度最大绝对误差为0.23 mm。提出的测量算法满足测量需求,能够实现热态H型钢断面尺寸测量。

钢-混工字组合简支梁桥静动载试验及冲击系数研究

近年来钢-混工字组合简支梁桥因其能充分发挥不同材料特性而被广泛应用,但评价动力特性的重要指标———冲击系数的计算尚缺少相关试验积累和理论研究。以一座新建钢-混工字组合简支梁桥为依托,详细介绍了该桥的静载试验以及脉动、跑车、跳车等动载试验过程,探讨了此类结构冲击系数的试验计算值,并与各规范计算值进行了对比。结果表明:该桥整体刚度好,承载安全度高;冲击系数的试验计算值多数大于各规范计算值,采用规范设计相对不安全;跨中冲击系数试验计算平均值等于我国规范《公路桥涵设计通用规范》(JTG D60—2015)计算值,但也出现了试验值大于规范值的情况。因此,今后进行高速公路30m跨径钢-混工字组合简支梁桥设计时,应对桥梁跨中冲击系数适当放大。

空间异形钢结构拱桥拱脚局部应力分析

空间异形钢结构拱桥设计计算比较复杂,以锦言大桥为例,对空间异形钢结构拱桥拱脚钢混结合段进行有限元建模分析,采用板单元模拟钢结构,采用实体单元模拟混凝土结构,采用线单元模拟预应力钢束。根据桥梁总体结构模型最不利作用组合计算结果获取钢拱肋在拱脚位置结构受力,通过对拱脚相关构件进行分析计算,提出拱脚的设计思路及施工注意事项,为相关桥梁提供一些参考价值。

腹板开多洞H型钢梁受弯承载力分析及研究

在工程设计中,让各种设备管道穿越H型钢梁腹板,可以充分利用建筑净空、降低建筑层高、节约工程造价。这个措施在国内外的钢结构设计中得到了大量的应用。尤其是在钢梁腹板中开设多个洞口的情况日益频繁。为研究腹板开洞H型钢梁的受力性能,采用有限元软件建立多个模型,计算和分析了洞口大小、位置、形状及加劲板对H型钢梁受弯承载力的影响,并总结其变化发展规律。有限元计算结果表明:洞口的宽度、高度、形状以及加劲肋等对H型钢梁承载力均有一定的影响。

轻质隔墙板施工质量控制

在建筑行业中,轻质隔墙板已得到了广泛的认可。它因质轻、环保、方便等特点代替了传统的隔墙板。隔墙板施工质量把控不严,很容易发生安全事故,通过对轻质隔墙板开裂的问题研究分析,将隔墙板施工过程中的卡件进行改造升级,并采取新的连接方式,使得隔墙板施工质量得以改进,避免了采用传统卡件所产生的施工隐患问题,从经济上,避免了因施工质量问题造成的经济损失,设计改进卡件并改变连接方式,确保了该工程的质量和安全。

沿空留巷挡矸支护技术在华烨煤业的优化应用

在切顶卸压留巷过程中,为了取得满意的控帮效果,需要在滞后支护段采空区侧设置挡矸支护。对于中厚煤层,工字钢不能满足巷旁顶板的变形,容易弯曲失稳。使用U型钢棚架时,应给予一定的扭矩力,装有卡缆的U型钢能够在动压影响区内随巷道顶板进行协调变形,U型钢棚相互之间采用拉杆连接,使钢棚成为一体,能够抵抗垮落矸石带来的较大冲击力,取得满意的成巷效果。介绍了一种优化的挡矸支护防侧压装置,分析了无煤柱自成巷留巷帮矸石充填侧向压力值和分布范围,在原有的挡矸支护设计中增加了一种具有横向延伸、轴向稳固的挡矸U型钢棚支护结构,解决了无煤柱自成巷留巷回采帮矸石冒落期间挡矸U型钢棚侧向和横向倾倒的问题。在华烨煤业4105工作面应用该技术,取得了良好的效果,留巷回采帮侧无明显变形,证实了该项优化技术装置的可靠性和可实施性。

三堡景观步行桥关键施工技术要点

杭州三堡景观步行桥位于两大世界级水体——钱塘江北岸与京杭运河的交汇处,桥梁采用Z形三跨连续系杆拱桥,主桥西拱跨145 m、中拱跨79.6 m、东拱跨156 m,最大矢高47.8 m。主桥结构空间异型,受力和拉索体系非常复杂,施工难度极大,通过对桥梁结构的设计特点和钢结构制造工艺、测量放样、临时支架搭设与拆除、钢箱梁和拱肋吊装、体系转换等关键施工技术进行分析阐述,以期为同类异型钢结构桥梁施工提供借鉴。

轻质墙板对钢管组合异形柱框架结构自振特性影响分析

为合理考虑轻质墙板刚度对钢框架整体结构自振特性的影响,提出了一种对角弹簧斜撑简化模型。推导了对角弹簧刚度与墙板刚度贡献的换算关系;采用有限元精细分析方法,对比了墙板刚度简化模型和实体模型的分析结果,验证了简化模型的可靠性。利用对角弹簧斜撑简化方法考虑内嵌墙板刚度的影响,对内嵌轻质墙板的方钢管混凝土组合异形柱(SCFST柱)框架算例进行了结构自振特性分析,研究了墙板填充率、墙板布置对整体结构自振特性的影响。结果表明:考虑轻质墙板的刚度贡献,周期折减系数取值为0.85~1.00,设计中可按墙板填充率在该区间线性插值得到合理的周期折减系数。结构平动振型的周期折减主要与平动方向上的墙板填充率有关;扭转振型的周期折减不仅与墙板填充率有关,也受墙板布置的影响。

异形幕墙复杂钢龙骨体系装配式施工技术应用

为应对航空轮胎大科学中心工程的技术挑战,特别是实现水平、竖向双向曲面轮胎造型,本文结合工程具体特点,设计了一套合理的工艺流程。该工艺流程采用装配式施工技术,并运用BIM辅助技术对异形钢龙骨结构进行了精确的模拟,以确保施工的精确性和效率。通过加设次钢龙骨体系连接幕墙与主体钢结构,实现圆弧曲面造型;通过分榀设计、榀架加工、地面拼装、高空吊装、单榀安装等流水作业,化难为易,解决了加工拼装与高空作业等施工难题,保证了工程质量与安全,并缩短了工期,最终取得了较好的经济效益。

L形方钢管再生混凝土组合异形柱偏压承载力计算方法

基于叠加原理,在《矩形钢管混凝土组合异形柱技术规程》提供的理论计算公式基础上,研究了L形方钢管再生混凝土组合异形柱偏压承载力计算方法。在考虑再生混凝土有效约束面积影响的基础上,提出了L形方钢管再生混凝土组合异形柱偏压承载力计算公式,绘制出轴力-弯矩关系曲线。结果表明:通过引入钢管对内填再生混凝土的约束效应系数,考虑钢管对不同粗骨料取代率再生混凝土的有效约束作用,并根据约束强弱将钢管对内填再生混凝土的约束区域进行划分,可得到再生混凝土的有效约束面积;通过与试验及数值模拟结果对比,验证了L形方钢管再生混凝土组合异形柱偏压承载力计算公式的有效性,该公式可用于预测L形方钢管再生混凝土组合异形柱的偏压承载力,轴力-弯矩关系曲线可较为准确且安全地预测试件的承载力。

浅圆仓锥形仓顶钢桁架平台支模的研究和应用

浅圆仓仓顶为锥形现浇混凝土结构屋面,锥形的仓顶结构在浅圆仓类建筑的施工操作中较为复杂困难,常规浅圆仓仓顶支撑体系一般采用满堂支架支撑体系,此工艺出现费工费料、效率较低且成本较高等问题,无法满足高施工效率、安全性与经济性的要求。随着浅圆仓的应用越来越广泛,公司研发的钢桁架平台支模体系,通过在遂平克明面粉有限公司生产基地浅圆项目施工应用,实践证明该体系安全可靠,具有良好的社会效益和经济效益,具有广泛的推广应用价值。