Mechanical model for controlling floor heave in deep roadways with U-shaped steel closed support

Open U-shaped steel arch supports are commonly used in large-section static-pressure roadways in coal mines that are more than 900 m deep;however,it is very difficult to control floor heave of roadways.In this paper,a U-shaped steel closed support with an inverted U-shaped steel arch in the floor is proposed as a method for improving the support effect of the surrounding rock during the process of floor heaving.This research established a mechanical model for the U-shaped steel closed support,and determined the reaction forces at the connection of a camber angle.Using the limit load method calculated the critical buckling load of the inverted U-shaped steel arch,and use of a strength check method tested the strength of the U-shaped steel material.A numerical simulation was conducted using the finite difference software FLAC3 D.The simulation results show that the U-shaped steel closed support is able to control the floor heave of roadways,which is successfully used in the West 11-2 development roadway of the Zhuji Mine in the Huainan mining area in China.The cumulative floor heave over two years was less than50 mm.

Seismic Behavior of Diaphragm-Through Connections of Concrete-Filled Square Steel Tubular Columns and H-Shaped Steel Beams

Based on the introductions of a type of diaphragm-through connection between concrete-filled square steel tubular columns (CFSSTCs) and H-shaped steel beams,a finite element model of the connection is developed and used to investigate the seismic behavior of the connection.The results of the finite element model are validated by a set of cyclic loading tests.The cyclic loading tests and the finite element analyses indicate that the failure mode of the suggested connections is plastic hinge at the beam with inelastic rotation angle exceeding 0.04 rad.The suggested connections have sufficient strength,plastic deformation and energy dissipation capacity to be used in composite moment frames as beam-to-column rigid connections.

Shape retention of injection molded stainless steel compacts

The effects of the binder composition, the powder loading, the thermal properties of feedstocks, and the injection molding parameters on the compact shape retention for metal injection molding 17-4PH stainless steel were investigated. The high-density polyethylene is more effective than ethylene vinyl acetate as a second component of the wax-based binder to retain compact shape due to its higher pyrolytic temperature and less heat of fusion. The compact distortion decreases with increasing the powder loading, molding pressure and molding temperature. There exists an optimal process combination including the powder loading of 68%, molding pressure of 120MPa and molding temperature of 150℃. Under this process condition, the percentage of distorted compacts is the lowest.

Microstructures and properties of capacitor discharge welded joint of TiNi shape memory alloy and stainless steel

Microstructures and properties of capacitor discharge welded （CDW） joint of TiNi shape memory alloy （ SMA ） and stainless steel （SS） were studied. The fracture characteristics of the joint were analyzed by means of scanning electron microscope （ SEM）. Microstructures of the joint were examined by means of optical microscope and SEM. The results showed that the teusile strength of the inhomogeneous joint （ TiNi-SS joint） was low and the joint was brittle. Because TiNi SMA and SS melted, a brittle as-cast structure and compound were formed in the weld. The tensile strength and the shape memory effect （SME） of TiNi-SS joint were strongly influenced by the changes of composition and structure of the weld. Measures should be taken to prevent defects from forming and extruding excessive molten metal in the weld for improving the properties of TiNi-SS joint.

Microstructures and mechanical properties of laser-welded TiNi shape memory alloy and stainless steel wires

The Nd ： YAG laser welding was used to join the TiNi shape memory alloy and AISI304 stainless steel wires. The microstructural features of the dissimilar material joint were analyzed. The tensile and hardness tests were carried out to examine the mechanical properties and microhardness distribution of the welded joint. The results show that the joint has the non-homogeneous microstructure and element distribution. The brittle phases such as Fe2 Ti , Fe Ti , Cr2 Ti , Ti3 Ni4, Feo 2 Ni4.s Ti5 and TiN mainly segregate in rich Ti region of fusion zone. The laser-welded joint has the tensile strength of 298 MPa with the elongation of 3.72 % and exhibits the brittle fracture features on the fracture surfaces. The reasons for low joint strength were discussed in this investigation.

Microstructures and properties of welded joint of TiNi shape memory alloy and stainless steel

The fracture characteristics of the joint were analyzed by means of scanning electron microscope. Microstructures of the joint were examined by means of optical microscope, SEM and an image analyzer. The results show that the tensile strength of the inhomogeneous joint of TiNi shape memory alloy and stainless steel is lower than that of the homogeneous joint and a plastic field appears in the heat affected zone on the side of TiNi shape memory alloy. Because TiNi shape memory alloy and stainless steel melted, a brittle as-cast structure was formed in the weld. The tensile strength and the shape memory effect of the inhomogeneous joint are strongly influenced by the changes of composition and structure of the joint. Measures should be taken to reduce the base metal melting and prevent the weld metal from the invasion by O for improving the properties of the TiNi shape memory alloy and stainless steel inhomogeneous joint.

Effect of groove shapes on mechanical properties of welded joints of ASTM4130 steel

The 30 mm thick ASTM4130 steel pipe was fabricated by gas tungsten arc welding and shielded metal arc welding under quenched and tempered conditions. Whereafier, the mechanical properties of welded joints of both V groove and combination double V groove were measured, while the microstructure feature and fracture morphology of both welded joints were investigated. Moreover, the effect of groove shapes on the properties of welded joints was explored. The results show that the welding efficiency of the combination double V groove joint is as two times as that of the V groove joint. But the hardness and toughness of the heat-affected zone （HAZ） with combination double V groove can not satisfy the requirements. Also, the coarse grain heat-affected zone （CGHAZ） of the cap layer is mainly composed of granular bainite, tempered martensite and a small amount of carbon-free bainite, and the fractured swface of the fusion line is entirely dominated by the quasi-cleavage mode. That the mechanical properties of the combination double V groove are lower than that of the V groove lie in the penetration ratio, welding heat input, and the areas and distribution feature of brittle zones. The combination double V groove is not suitable for the fabricating of ASTM4130 steel.

Hysteretic behavior of special shaped columns composed of steel and reinforced concrete(SRC)

This paper describes a series of experimental investigations on seventeen specimens of steel reinforced concrete special shaped(SRCSS) columns under low cyclic reversed loading using parallel crosshead equipment. Nine T-shaped SRC columns, four L-shaped SRC columns and four +-shaped SRC columns were tested to examine the effects of shape steel confi guration, loading angle, axial compressive ratio and shear-span ratio on the behavior(strength, stiffness, energy dissipation, ductility, etc.) of SRCSS column specimens. The failure modes and hysteretic performance of all the specimens were obtained in the tests. Test results demonstrate that the shear-span ratio is the main parameter affecting the failure modes of SRCSS columns. The specimens with small shear-span ratio are prone to shear failure, and the primary failure planes in SRCSS columns are parallel to the loading direction. As a result, there is a symmetry between positive and negative loading directions in the hysteretic curves of the SRCSS columns. The majority of displacement ductility coeffi cients for all the specimens are over 3.0, so that the SRCSS columns demonstrate a better deformation capacity. In addition, the equivalent viscous damping coeffi cients of all the specimens are greater than 0.2, indicating that the seismic behavior of SRCSS columns is adequate. Finally, the superposition theory was used to calculate the limits of axial compressive ratio for the specimens, and it is found that the test axial compressive ratio is close to or smaller than the calculated axial compressive ratio limit.

Extrusion process of 304L H-shaped stainless steel used in passive residual heat removal heat exchanger

304L H-shaped stainless steel is used as the support frame of the passive residual heat removal heat exchanger(PRHR HX) in a nuclear fission reactor. The extrusion process is adopted to manufacture the 304L H-shaped stainless steel. Finite element method simulation is herein used to analyze metal flow characteristics, optimize the extrusion die, and predict the extrusion force at different temperatures and speeds. A Φ400-mm container and Φ388-mm forging billet are selected, and the 304L H-shaped stainless steel is successfully manufactured using a Germany SMS 60 MN horizontal extruder. The mechanical properties and microstructure of the manufactured 304L H-shaped stainless steel meet the requirements of the PRHR HX, and the surfaces of the product pass the dye penetration test. The H-shaped stainless steels are used in Haiyang nuclear power plant in Shandong Province.

Axial Compression Behavior and Analytical Method of L-Shaped Column Composed of Concrete-Filled Square Steel Tubes

Based on the characteristics of an L-shaped column composed of concrete-filled square steel tubes, the axial compression experiment and nonlinear finite element analysis were carried out to study the mechanical property of the L-shaped column. The load-displacement curve for the L-shaped column, the deflection and load-strain curves for the mono columns were obtained by the axial compression experiment. The results show that the L-shaped column exhibits a flexural-torsional buckling failure mode. The numerical simulation by the finite element analysis shows that the bearing capacity and failure mode are in accordance with those of the axial compression experiment and the feasi- bility of the finite element analysis is proved. For the calculation of the bearing capacity of the L-shaped column com- posed of concrete-filled square steel tubes, an analytical method is proposed based on the theory of the elastic stability and spatial truss model. The results of the analytical method are in good agreement with those of the axial compression experiment and the finite element analysis.

单跨两层含减震外挂墙板装配式混凝土框架拟静力试验研究

该文在对一个含减震外挂墙板平面框架(简称减震结构)以及一个作为对比的纯框架(简称抗震结构)进行混合试验的基础上,进一步对其单跨2层试验子结构进行了拟静力试验,研究了两结构在水平地震作用下的受力过程、损伤模式及减震外挂墙板对主体结构抗震性能的影响。研究结果表明:减震结构和抗震结构的破坏机制均为梁端和柱底出现塑性铰的梁铰机制,减震外挂墙板未改变主体结构的破坏模式;减震结构中,在最大层间位移角达到1/55之前,消能器呈预期的履带式滚动变形,此后由于外挂墙板的面内转动变形,消能器水平剪切变形值增加不大,且圆弧段产生明显变形;试验过程中减震外挂墙板未出现裂缝;墙板与框架间上部线连接处裂缝宽度较小,连接钢筋应变也较小,表明连接可靠;两试件均具有较好的变形能力和耗能能力;在相同位移级别下,减震结构的刚度、极限承载力和耗能能力均更好。

采用T型钢连接的可拆换钢梁抗震性能试验与数值研究

提出了一种采用T型钢连接的可拆换钢梁,在地震作用下T型钢集中耗散地震能量,并在震后通过更换T型钢实现使用功能的恢复。通过合理设计T型钢连接、钢梁中间段和悬臂段的抗弯承载力关系,定义设计承载力削弱系数的取值范围,从而实现T型钢集中损伤耗能,钢梁中间段和悬臂段保持弹性的屈服机制。为了使T型钢连接件实现预期的损伤和最优的耗能效果,设计了4个腹板采用不同截面和材料的T型钢连接件,并对T型钢连接的可拆换钢梁试件进行了低周往复加载试验和有限元分析。结果表明:T型钢连接的可拆换钢梁可以实现预期的屈服机制,达到T型连接件集中耗能的目的;T型钢腹板的残余变形和螺栓应力可以满足拆换条件,拆换后结构功能不变,实现了较为理想的可更换机制。狗骨式腹板截面的T型钢连接件塑性变形更均匀,耗能区域更大,耗能效率提高约30%,拆换时间和残余变形与普通截面相差不大,建议腹板采用狗骨式截面;采用低屈服点钢材可以提高T型钢的耗能效率约40%,在设计承载力系数取值合理的情况下,T型钢腹板可以选择低屈服点钢材。最后,基于试验和有限元结果,考虑到T型钢连接件的可拆换性和钢梁材料利用率,建议设计承载力削弱系数取值为0.65~0.85。

基于截面增大法的扣放角钢焊接加固负载H型钢的轴压承载力研究

负载下焊接加固是既有结构加固的重要形式,然而当前对加固形式及加固效果的研究仍然较为缺乏.因此,提出了一种新型负载焊接加固构造,设计了8组扣放角钢焊接加固H型钢试验.研究了焊接过程中的截面应力重分布规律以及焊接加固H型钢柱的轴压力学性能.试验中加固构件的截面为加固前的1.53倍~1.55倍,焊接加固后构件极限承载增大为加固前的1.74倍~1.90倍;加固构件和原构件协同工作,获得了良好的加固效果,虽然焊接热输入降低了构件焊缝间隔处的屈曲应力,但负载加固的构件表现出相对零载加固构件更高的极限承载力.随后建立并验证了一种新型焊接加固H型钢柱的数值模拟方法,探究了不同截面面积加固构件的加固效果;揭示了不同焊缝间隔以及焊接热效应对加固构件极限承载力的影响,并建立了相应的设计方法.

基础隔震-外挂墙板减震钢筋混凝土框架振动台试验研究

该文提出一种新型的基础隔震-外挂墙板减震混合控制结构(简称“隔震-减震结构”)。该结构采用铅芯橡胶隔震支座作为基础隔震装置,上部结构则采用外挂墙板与U型金属消能器联合构成减震系统。通过减震与隔震混合控制,实现主体结构和围护墙体在罕遇地震下不发生损伤,可用于对韧性性能要求较高的生命线工程中。为对比研究隔震-减震结构与传统隔震结构的抗震性能,设计制作了一个在两方向上完全一致的1/2缩尺基础隔震钢筋混凝土框架结构,并在Y方向附加外挂墙板和U型金属消能器,形成隔震-减震结构,X方向不含外挂墙板,为隔震结构。分别在两个方向输入单向地震动进行振动台试验,试验结果表明:相比隔震结构,隔震-减震结构能进一步降低结构在设防和罕遇地震下的位移响应;隔震-减震结构在罕遇地震下最大层间位移角小于或接近钢筋混凝土框架结构弹性层间位移角限值,主体结构保持弹性,外挂墙板未出现损伤,可以实现预期的性能目标。

X形软钢阻尼器延性断裂的试验研究与数值模拟

为了研究X形软钢阻尼器在大变形状态下的耗能性能和损伤演化规律,设计了6组试件进行单向和循环荷载作用下延性断裂的试验研究,分析了软钢阻尼器的破坏过程和滞回曲线。采用Lemaitre-Chaboche混合强化模型,分别对各工况下包含与不包含基于应力三轴度的钢材微观损伤模型的软钢阻尼器进行了精细的有限元模拟。对比有限元模拟结果和试验结果,分析结果表明,颈部为X形耗能软钢阻尼器的薄弱位置,最容易发生集中损伤甚至破坏。考虑钢材损伤准则的有限元模拟的荷载-位移曲线与试验结果更加吻合,能够表征软钢阻尼器的承载力与刚度退化现象,并能较为准确地预测软钢阻尼器的损伤演化过程和断裂破坏位置。

槽形钢箱梁涡振性能及抑振措施试验研究

为提高槽形钢箱梁桥的抗风性能,对槽形钢箱梁的涡振性能及抑振措施进行试验研究。以某人行景观桥槽形钢箱梁为背景,通过主梁节段模型风洞试验,研究+3°、0°、-3°风攻角下均匀流与紊流风场中槽形钢箱梁的涡振性能,分析交替封闭栏杆、将栏杆楔形扶手改为圆形扶手、提高阻尼比等措施的抑振效果。结果表明:原槽形钢箱梁断面涡振性能不满足规范要求,均匀流风场中,3个风攻角下均出现了超限的竖弯涡振,+3°和-3°风攻角下出现了不同程度的扭转涡振,最不利风攻角为-3°;紊流风场中,最不利风攻角下原断面竖弯涡振振幅降低了23%,未见明显扭转涡振;楔形扶手栏杆交替封闭使结构竖弯涡振振幅增大,主梁涡振性能降低;单独改变栏杆扶手形状为圆形对主梁涡振性能影响不大,在此基础上交替封闭栏杆能够有效抑制主梁涡振;提高结构阻尼比能有效抑制主梁涡振,阻尼比为7‰时,主梁竖弯涡振振幅可降至规范限值的一半左右。

碳纤维板加固H型钢梁抗剥离夹具研制及应用试验

外贴碳纤维板是钢梁抗弯加固的常用方法,但其端部易因界面应力集中导致剥离破坏,严重影响高性能材料的有效利用,特别是结构加固后的安全服役.为此开发出一种适用于H型钢梁的简易夹具——C形槽板夹,以加强碳纤维板的端部锚固.通过多根带夹碳纤维板加固梁的静力加载试验,验证了此夹具的可靠性,并考察了碳纤维板伸入剪跨段长度与剪跨段长度之比及锚固方式(纯粘、端锚和混锚)对加固效果的影响.研究发现端锚加固不同于纯粘,只要梁的控制截面仍在夹具之间,碳纤维板的极限应力、加固效果及利用效率均随其长度缩短而提高,当碳纤维板长度分别为600、750 mm时,前者极限应变和承载力比后者分别高27.3%和8.1%.由于钢梁表面处理质量较差,混锚加固梁均发生突然剥离,后期退化为端锚加固梁,因而相比端锚加固梁加固效果改善不大,需要提高表面处理质量再做类似研究.尽管如此,相比纯粘加固梁,混锚加固梁采用C形槽板夹后剥离破坏被延迟,抗弯性能大为改善.试验过程中还用压电阻抗法对界面剥离情况进行了检测,结果符合实际.

窄翼缘异形柱-波纹钢板剪力墙体系的抗震性能

针对钢结构住宅凸梁、凸柱和抗侧刚度不足的问题,提出一种新型窄翼缘异形柱-波纹钢板剪力墙体系;通过与传统H形钢柱-平钢板剪力墙体系进行对比,确定内嵌波纹钢板布置方式,采用ABAQUS软件建立所提出体系的有限元模型,对所提出体系的抗震性能进行分析,探讨外部框架截面形式与布置方式、波纹钢板厚度与剪跨比等对所提出体系的抗侧承载力、耗能能力和塑性变形能力的影响。结果表明:所提出的体系具有较大的抗侧承载力和较强的耗能能力、塑性变形能力,极限抗侧承载力为设计值的1.73倍,具备一定的安全储备;横向布置的波纹钢板能有效减小其作用于框架梁柱的荷载;采用十字形异形柱使所提出的体系有更强的塑性变形能力;所提出体系中的异形柱偏肢宜沿剪力墙面内方向布置,内嵌波纹钢板厚度宜取为3~5 mm,剪跨比宜控制在1.25左右。

C型外包花纹钢-混凝土界面粘结强度推出试验研究

为探究带拉条式C型外包花纹钢-混凝土的粘结强度及粘结滑移性能,考虑钢板的花纹高度、混凝土强度、拉条间距、截面宽度和翼缘截面形式对试件粘结强度的影响,设计制作了12个带拉条的C型外包花纹钢-混凝土推出试件。分析各试件的破坏过程、荷载-滑移曲线、钢板应变沿纵向分布规律及特征粘结强度;综合考虑各影响因素,统计回归得出特征粘结强度的计算公式。研究结果表明:增大花纹高度是改善粘结性能最有效的途径;特征粘结强度随着混凝土强度的增大呈增大趋势,随着截面宽高比和拉条间距的增大呈减小趋势;在同等条件下,翼缘内翻试件的粘结性能优于翼缘外翻试件;特征粘结强度的回归公式能够较好地拟合试验结果。

铰接阻尼支吊架设计与分析

为了防止管道结构在地震工况下的破坏,在传统抗震支吊架基础上,将U型软钢阻尼器加入其中,提出了一种铰接阻尼支吊架。以目前常用的消防管道为例,利用ANSYS软件建立数值模型,对设置铰接阻尼支吊架的结构进行了力学分析,并与传统抗震支吊架减振效果进行了对比,结果表明:铰接阻尼支吊架刚度小,受力更加均匀。随着地震烈度的提高,铰接阻尼支吊架对管道的位移和加速度的减振效果明显优于传统抗震支吊架,其中,抗震设防烈度为7和8度时,位移和加速度减振率均可以达到40%以上。从提出的滞回曲线可以看出,铰接阻尼支吊架耗能能力优良。