M/S Controller Area Network(CAN) System Using Shared-Clock Scheduler

The Controller Area Network (CAN) is a well established control network for automotive and automation control applications. Time-Triggered Controller Area Network (TTCAN) is a recent development which introduces a session layer,for message scheduling,to the existing CAN standard,which is a two layer standard comprising of a physical layer and a data link layer. TTCAN facilitates network communication in a time-triggered fashion,by introducing a Time Division Multiple Access style communication scheme. This allows deterministic network behavior,where maximum message latency times can be quantified and guaranteed. In order to solve the problem of determinate time latency and synchronization among several districted units in one auto panel CAN systems,this paper proposed a prototype design implementation for a shared-clock scheduler based on PIC18F458 MCU. This leads to improved CAN system performance and avoid the latency jitters and guarantee a deterministic communication pattern on the bus. The real runtime performance is satisfied.

Assessment of Human Impacts on Vegetation in Built-up Areas in China Based on AVHRR,MODIS and DMSP_OLS Nighttime Light Data,1992–2010

Since the reform and opening-up program started in 1978,the level of urbanization has increased rapidly in China.Rapid urban expansion and restructuring have had significant impacts on the ecological environment especially within built-up areas.In this study,ArcGIS 10,ENVI 4.5,and Visual FoxPro 6.0 were used to analyze the human impacts on vegetation in the built-up areas of 656Chinese cities from 1992 to 2010.Firstly,an existing algorithm was refined to extract the boundaries of the built-up areas based on the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program Operational Linescan System(DMSP_OLS)nighttime light data.This improved algorithm has the advantages of high accuracy and speed.Secondly,a mathematical model(Human impacts(HI))was constructed to measure the impacts of human factors on vegetation during rapid urbanization based on Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer(AVHRR)Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI)and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS)NDVI.HI values greater than zero indicate relatively beneficial effects while values less than zero indicate proportionally adverse effects.The results were analyzed from four aspects:the size of cities(metropolises,large cities,medium-sized cities,and small cities),large regions(the eastern,central,western,and northeastern China),administrative divisions of China(provinces,autonomous regions,and municipalities)and vegetation zones(humid and semi-humid forest zone,semi-arid steppe zone,and arid desert zone).Finally,we discussed how human factors impacted on vegetation changes in the built-up areas.We found that urban planning policies and developmental stages impacted on vegetation changes in the built-up areas.The negative human impacts followed an inverted′U′shape,first rising and then falling with increase of urban scales.China′s national policies,social and economic development affected vegetation changes in the built-up areas.The findings can provide a scientific basis for municipal planning departments,a decision-making reference for government,and scientific guidance for sustainable development in China.

Space-time Relationship Between Urban Municipal District Adjustment and Built-up Area Expansion in China

Municipal district adjustment and built-up area expansion are two main forms of urban spatial expansion. Using geometric methods, this study constructed a space-time path method to characterize the space-time relationship between municipal district adjustment and built-up area expansion, and drew the space-time path sets of major prefecture level cities from 2000 to 2010 by constructing a coordinate system of the standardized built-up areas and municipal district areas. This divided them into four quadrants, namely, H-H, L-H, L-L, and H-L, based on the relative mean value to evaluate overall and individual stability by three indexes of the trajectory vectors, namely, direction, length, and slope. Results provide the following conclusions. 1) Municipal district adjustment is an effective spatial expansion way for city-scale promotion in China. Since 2000, municipal district adjustments have been mainly distributed in the eastern coastal regions and mid-western capital cities along with their surrounding cities. 2) Municipal district adjustment affects the scale and status of a city in China. Many cities that have expanded municipal districts behave stably and cross quadrants. 3) Great majority second-tier cities have effectively promoted their scale and status through municipal district adjustment. The municipal district adjustment of medium and small cities in the mid-west area is relatively advanced compared with city development. 4) Municipal district adjustment with minimal magnitude is severely restricted from upgrading the scale and status of a city. The transformation from entirely incorporated counties or cities to municipal districts should be the mainstream in future municipal district adjustment.

Quantitative Analysis of Spatial Vitality of Urban Built-up Area: A Case Study of Shenzhen

As an important goal of urban design research,the evaluation of urban spatial vitality has been widely concerned.Taking Shenzhen as an example,the urban built-up area of Shenzhen was identifi ed using improved DENsi-Graph analysis,from the perspective of quantifi cation of urban spatial morphological features.The accessibility of urban streets,degree of construction and architectural form,and degree of functional mixing were quantitatively analyzed through space syntax,space matrix and mixeduse index(MXI),and the spatial vitality of urban built-up area was evaluated.Research results demonstrated that the improved Densi-Graph analysis could better identify the built-up area of Shenzhen,and the overall classifi cation accuracy was 0.810.The analysis results of spatial vitality showed that the urban spatial vitality in Shenzhen urban built-up area was well created.The street accessibility of Shenzhen generally hindered the creation of urban vitality;the spatial matrix value in the north of Shenzhen urban built-up area was lower;and the MXI of most areas within the study area was above the medium.

Ecological Optimization Design Methods for the Green Space System in Densely Built-up Areas

This paper is aimed at studying the environmental degradation of densely built-up areas in the process of urbanization in Qiina. In consideration of the severe environmental conditions of die densely built-up afeas, such as the lack of green space and. open space, ecological disturbance in some areas, poor landscape quality, this paper focused on the ecological space optimization in the process of urban renewal Firstly, theories related to this field were analyzed, and a comprehensive ecological efficiency evaluation sjrstem was established based on disciplines such as urban ecology, landscape ecology, urban sociology, behavioral psychology, biology, urban planning and design. Secondly, this system was used to judge the ecological efficiency of typical blocks on GIS platform and to find out the key spatial nodes that need to be updated. Thirdly, in different cases, space optimization projects witii different theories were designed, and the spatial model of influence was used to comprehensively evaluate their ecological efficiency. Finally, the parameters under different conditions were corrected to get a systematic system for evaluating the green space system in densely built-up areas＊ Due to the lack of undetstanding of the ecological fonction of green space in the past, die environmental condition of densely built-up areas is not good. Therefore, the most important task of urban oigauic renewal is ecological restoiation. In this paper, die exploiation is based on the reservation for built-up afeas to avoid repeated reconstruction and interference. Authors of this paper tried to find out a way to rebuild green space system that performed more complex functions with limited spatial resources. The application of “micfo-ttansfotmation” of green space system in densely built-up areas turns out to improve the quality of landscape while reducing the construction costrds

The Incorporation of Precautionary Principle in the Planning of Global System for Mobile Communications Mast Locations in Built-up Areas： Proposals for Jimeta, Nigeria

This paper aimed at incorporating the precautionary principles into the planning and development of GSM （global system for mobile communications） masts within the built-up areas of Jimeta. Using GIS （geographic information system） analysis technique, the zone of precautionary principle was defined to 500 meters radius as the zone within which precautionary measures are exercised. The criteria for siting GSM base station are also equally identified. For instance, the presence of certain elements within the precautionary zone like schools, hospitals, residential density and overlap of RF （radio frequency） occurrences, may disqualify any mast location. Analysis of the land use within precautionary zone has shown various proportions of exposure to RF, whereas, only 3.39% of the masts are suitably located and 94.92% are not and therefore should be relocated. The study recommend measures for addressing physical development within precautionary areas, including land conversion and mast sharing to reduce potential harmful effects of RF emanating from GSM base stations.

Examining Rate of Built-Up Areas on the Vegetation Cover along River Riara Riparian within Kiambu Town, Kenya

Urban river riparian spaces and their natural systems are valuable to urban dwellers;but are increasingly affected and ruined by human activities and in particular, urbanization processes. In this research, land sat and sentinel satellite imagery apt for change detection in vegetation cover, both landsat and sentinel imagery, covering the period between 1970 and 2021 in epochs of 1973, 1984, 1993, 2003, 2015 and 2021 years were used to establish the correlation between vegetation cover and built-up area along River Riara river reserve. The images were analysed to extract the built-up areas along the river reserve, including the buildings, and the rate of human settlements, which influenced vegetation cover. Normalized Difference Built-Up Index (NDBI) and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) were computed using the Short-Wave Infrared (SWIR) and the Near Infra-Red (NIR) bands to show the rate of change over the years. Results indicate NDVI values were high, compared to NDBI values along river Riara in the years 1973 and 1993 implying that there was more vegetation cover then. However, in the year 2021, the NDVI indicated the highest value at 0.88, with the complementary NDBI indicating the highest NDBI value at 0.47. This represents a significant increase in built-up areas since 2015 more than in previous epochs. Either, there was a significant increase in NDBI values, from 0.24 in 1993 to 0.47 in 2021. More so, the R-squared value at 0.80 informed 80% relationship between NDBI and NDVI values indicating a negative correlation.

海洋城市战略与空间规划前瞻

党的十八大报告明确提出“建设海洋强国”的战略目标,要求提高海洋资源开发能力,发展海洋经济,保护海洋生态环境,坚决维护国家海洋权益。2023年10月13日,王世福教授作为国家社科基金重大研究专项首席专家以“建设海洋强国的战略支点与制度创新”为主题组织第十二届“设计城市”圆桌研讨会,并邀请来自规划、海洋、国际关系等多个领域的专家,共同探讨海洋城市在海洋命运共同体中的战略支点作用以及空间规划创新需要。在凝练与会嘉宾观点的基础上,进一步以笔谈形式邀请相关领域专家围绕“海洋城市战略与空间规划”进行论述,期望为未来海洋城市规划与建设提供有益参考。王世福认为对于我国海洋城市建设而言,立足港城关系的规划和注重海陆统筹的战略,有助于在全局视角上认识和响应从港口大国到海洋强国的战略跃升。王兴平等提出建设海洋城市组群是内陆城市经略海洋的重要方式,港口城市与腹地陆域中心城市可通过交通设施网络、多种“流要素”、区域涉海功能与跨界协同治理四个维度的一体化措施构建联系密切且分工合理的海洋功能圈。马向明认为海洋城市战略不应仅局限于海洋资源的开发利用,更应从促进海陆文明交流融合的视角出发,积极应对海洋生态挑战,大力发展文化交流和综合创新功能。海洋城市空间规划应强调陆海功能协调性,从而保证海洋城市健康发展。陈天结合海洋城市所面临的可持续发展问题,从海岸生态系统保护的统筹与修复、沿海城市防灾韧性体系构建和基于气候适应性的沿海城市品质提升三方面,提出沿海高密度城市防灾韧性建设与空间品质提升实施路径。王建军系统论述目前海洋城市战略推进过程中存在的痛点和堵点,并从四个层次梳理当前海洋城市战略核心要解决的问题,即开展陆海资源全要素综合调查与评价、构建陆海统筹的海洋城市发展格局、做好向海而强的资源要素保障以及在更广阔的深远海深度参与全球海洋治理。文超祥等以海洋中心城市作为海洋强国的战略支点,提出科学谋划境内外海洋中心城市的战略布局,并结合我国沿海各省市开展的海岸带空间规划实践总结出:处理好陆域与海域关系、协调好城市与区域发展关系、谋划好陆海发展的战略空间。郑斌认为粤港澳大湾区建设世界级新港城对推动大湾区海洋城市发展具有积极意义,并提出在设施建设、制度建设和推动港口与产业融合发展三方面推进大湾区新港城建设,实现海洋城市的国际化和全球化发展。赵渺希认为随着全球经济的区域化趋势日渐发展,应把握全球供应链、价值链的近岸化趋势,拓展新发展格局下沿海地区高水平对外开放的规划原理,并进一步围绕粤港澳大湾区建设,提出厘清大湾区的全球网络链接机制、解析大湾区区域网络协同机制、大湾区双循环网络发展的规划响应。程遥认为陆海统筹规划是一个全域全要素统筹的系统问题,且最终将落实到陆域的功能与设施规划建设上。陆海统筹导向的国土空间规划在陆海域、邻域、海岸带三个层面对应的规划层次、内容、深度应该是差异化的,并且海域应建立相较陆域更系统的跨界规划管控体系和更严格的传导体系。邓昭华提出中国特色海洋强国的建设,可施行“以陆促港”策略,从“港产联动”以固港、“两丝枢纽”以稳港、集聚资源以强港三方面拓展港口腹地纵深,助力港口实现其陆域的现代化,并通过技术输出助力当地工业化与扩大港群布局稳固其腹地根基。郭海认为我国应提出符合自身国情的海洋理论,以海洋作为中国维护国际社会和平稳定的重要手段,以海港作为中国发展海洋战略的重要抓手,并提出需处理好贸易与军事、国家利益与系统利益、外交功能与经贸功能之间的三对矛盾。刘铮认为海洋城市相关规划具有明显的创新型规划特征,提出应进一步开展海洋城市规划创新并实现对创新目标的制度安排,且需从连通性、支撑性、撬动性三方面思考规划创新的突破点,激活海洋城市战略支点作用。

土地经营权入股立法的反思与展望

自家庭联产承包责任制实施以来,关于农村土地承包经营权能否以入股等方式流转,在政策与法律层面经历了比较复杂的变迁过程。土地经营权入股在立法中得到确认是“三权分置”改革的重要成果之一,有利于在流转中更好地实现土地经营权的价值。土地经营权入股现行立法表达不规范、不统一,且与相关法律规定存在冲突,导致立法预期的实现受阻。以立法的基本原理来审视,立法用语不规范只是表面现象,土地经营权的性质不明才是立法困境的根源,对入股所致不利后果的担忧则进一步导致适用难题。实践中大量存在的“以租代转”、“名为入股、实为出租”现象表明,既有立法并不能有效满足土地经营权入股的需求,反而徒增解释与适用的混乱。为了弥合土地经营权入股的认知分歧,保持相关立法之间的协调,实现“三权分置”的立法目的,有必要在立法中统一相关表述,明确规定土地经营权的性质,移除土地经营权承载的不必要负担,让土地经营权真正成为“可以用货币估价并可以依法转让的非货币财产”,进而以“作价出资”取代“入股”。

乡村旅游发展对海南城乡收入差距影响的实证研究

共同富裕是中国式现代化的重要特征,缩小城乡收入差距实现城乡共同富裕是海南自由贸易港推进中国式现代化建设的必然要求。基于2014—2022年海南18个市县面板数据的实证研究,研究表明乡村旅游发展明显缩小了海南城乡收入差距,且这一结论在处理内生性、替换核心解释变量测度等稳健性检验中仍然成立;进一步的区域异质性检验发现,在经济发展水平较高区域和“三极”地区,发展乡村旅游对缩小城乡收入差距的效应更加显著。海南应大力推进乡村旅游建设,统筹乡村旅游布局空间优化,以实现乡村旅游引领海南乡村振兴和协调城乡发展的绿色共同富裕之路。

现代化产业体系构建与农民农村共同富裕:影响机理与实证检验

基于2008—2021年中国31个省、市、自治区(不包含港澳台)面板数据,运用主成分分析法与优序图分析相结合的方法测算现代化产业体系构建水平,并研判现代化产业体系构建对农民农村共同富裕的影响。实证分析结果显示:现代化产业体系构建可有效赋能农民农村共同富裕。传导机制分析显示,现代化产业体系构建能够通过扩大财税规模、增加创业活动、缩小城乡数字鸿沟,赋能农民农村共同富裕。异质性检验证实,现代化产业体系构建对农民农村共同富裕的赋能作用在东部地区更为显著。空间效应分析显示,现代化产业体系构建对农民农村共同富裕具有正向空间溢出效应。针对于此,未来应构建现代乡村产业体系、激发农村创业创新活力、推动区域产业协调发展,加速推进农民农村共同富裕。

粤港澳大湾区数字政府多部门数据共享发展现状及协调策略研究

为提高数字政府的运作效率,结合粤港澳大湾区数字政府建设中多部门数据共享的相关案例,探索了粤港澳大湾区多部门数据共享的基本进程与效果,指出当前多部门数据共享还存在较多问题;并从进一步完善相关法律法规、构建全面的配套管理制度、细化部门绩效考核指标体系、优化利益协调与激励机制、形成多方监督检查运作合力等五个方面,探讨了数字政府发展中多部门数据共享的协调策略。

广西中南部语法化区域的两个共享特征

广西中南部汉、壮语共享两个特征,即量词重叠(CL+CL)表任指、“对”有存在动词、处所/时间介词的功能,模式语都是壮语,汉语复制了其语法功能。前一共享特征在如下结构的演变中获得,即:V_(1)+CL+哪,CL+那+V_(2)>V_(1)+CL,CL+V_(2)>V_(1)+CL+CL+V_(2),触发演变的语境是五言壮语歌谣。后一共享特征的来源是:壮族人意识到壮语的“V+te:■^(1)”与汉语官话的“V+对”是相对应的,推测出壮语的te:■^(1)就是官话的“对”,他们将壮语“te:■^(1)+N”结构类推为壮式官话的“对+N”。随着壮式官话“对+N”在宜州官话中的扩展,导致“对”获得存在动词、处所/时间介词的功能。

民族地区社会保障经办服务的实践及逻辑

服务与质量并重是社会保障高质量发展的客观要求。中华人民共和国成立后,党和国家不断健全社会保障经办服务模式,在民族地区先后实行了临时性、组织化、社会化、标准化及数字化经办服务模式。民族地区通过自身能力建设与国家专项支持,在服务主体上由中央和地方政府形成叠加合力,服务对象上倡导公民资格与制度标准,服务目标上夯实各民族福利共同体,实现了社会保障经办服务从无到有、从有到均、从均到优,建立了一体共享的服务格局。进入社会主义新时代,民族地区应坚持并优化整体性经办路径,通过外部的人才、技术支持提升自身经办能力,逐步消弭服务边界以促进人才及劳动力合理流动,促进社会保障经办服务惠及边疆地区,通过公共服务共同体进一步铸牢中华民族共同体意识。

BBNJ协定下划区管理工具机制对中国的法律影响及应对

BBNJ协定规定了作为其重要内容之一的划区管理工具的建立和实施机制。该机制主要从划区管理工具与其他机制下相关措施的关系、体制安排以及实施机制这三个方面做出了安排。这些安排中有一部分(如“不损害”的要求)符合中国的立场和主张,但也有一部分安排(如决策机制)对中国有一定的潜在不利影响。如果中国选择缔结该协定,则需要在充分利用协定中符合中国立场的有关安排的基础上,采取策略去规避BBNJ协定下划区管理工具机制对中国的潜在不利影响。如果中国选择暂不缔结BBNJ协定,则应警惕该协定划区管理工具机制对中国可能的间接影响。

“共享环”理念下的老旧小区公共空间改造设计——以济南市正觉寺小区为例

共享理念是新时代城市发展主题之一,面对老旧小区有限的空间资源和多样的空间需求之间的矛盾,将共享理念引入老旧小区公共空间的改造之中,为城市更新提供了新思路、新方法。文章通过梳理共享理念发展历程与老旧小区改造的困境,提出老幼共享、内外共享、时空共享3个层面结合的共享内涵,探索新型共享理念与老旧小区公共空间现存的四大方面问题结合的改造机制。将共享理念内化为“共享环”植入到公共空间改造之中,并选取山东省济南市正觉寺小区为例,示范了“共享环”理念下老旧社区公共广场更新的具体策略,探索在有限的空间中如何利用共享理念提升社区的环境品质。

基于共享总线结构的存储器内建自测试电路

随着片上系统处理的数据增多,数据存储器测试逻辑相应增加,在保证测试功能的同时减小测试电路面积是当下急需解决的问题。基于共享总线结构的存储器内建自测试(MBIST)电路,通过将多个存储器引脚信号进行复用的方式,对存储器进行层次化设计,将物理存储器拼接组成逻辑存储器模块,再整合多个逻辑存储器成为一个大的存储器集模块,MBIST控制器针对存储器集进行MBIST,从而减少测试逻辑数量以达到减小测试电路占用面积的目的。通过实验证明,该结构可以满足MBIST相关需求,相较于针对单颗存储器测试的传统MBIST电路面积减小了21.44%。该方案具有良好的实用性,可以为相关存储器测试设计提供参考。

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为提高跨界河湖治理的效果,以南京都市圈为背景,实地调研了现有的河长制属地负责模式,提出了跨界河湖联合会商、信息共享、协同治理和联合执法等联合河湖长制的新工作模式及创新机制。结果表明:在南京都市圈实际应用中,新模式促进了各方合作,有效解决了跨界问题。相比传统模式,联合河湖长制治理效率更高;通过联合会商和信息共享,各方能更高效协调行动;协同治理和联合执法机制则确保了措施的一致性和有效执行。研究成果为跨界河湖的长期健康治理提供了有效手段,为其他区域的类似治理工作提供了重要参考。

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京张铁路作为中国首条国有干线铁路,不仅见证了中国城市化百年的变迁,也面临着城市空间割裂等问题。京张铁路遗址公园的建设,采取了因地制宜、分期分段的策略,将历史传承与现代城市需求相结合,打造了一个集开放共享、历史展示、科创特色、集约利用和绿色生态于一体的带状公共空间。京张铁路遗址公园的建成显著提升了中关村区域的城市环境风貌,实现了城市空间的缝合,传承了铁路文化,补充了科创服务,盘活了闲置空间,并打造了城市绿廊。此外,该项目还创新性地建立了多部门协调机制和路地合作模式,推动了共建共治共享的城市治理新格局,为城市更新提供了宝贵经验。

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