Optimization dispatching strategy for an energy storage system considering its unused capacity sharing

In renewable energy systems,energy storage systems can reduce the power fluctuation of renewable energy sources and compensate for the prediction deviation.However,if the renewable energy prediction deviation is small,the energy storage system may work in an underutilized state.To efficiently utilize a renewable-energy-sided energy storage system(RES),this study proposed an optimization dispatching strategy for an energy storage system considering its unused capacity sharing.First,this study proposed an unused capacity-sharing strategy for the RES to fully utilize the storage’s unused capacity and elevate the storage’s service efficiency.Second,RES was divided into“deviation-compensating energy storage(DES)”and“sharing energy storage(SES)”to clarify the function of RES in the operation process.Third,this study established an optimized dispatching model to achieve the lowest system operating cost wherein the unused capacity-sharing strategy could be integrated.Finally,a case study was investigated,and the results indicated that the proposed model and algorithm effectively improved the utilization of renewable-energy-side energy storage systems,thereby reducing the total operation cost and pressure on peak shaving.

Virtual Synchronous Generator Adaptive Control of Energy Storage Power Station Based on Physical Constraints

The virtual synchronous generator(VSG)can simulate synchronous machine’s operation mechanism in the control link of an energy storage converter,so that an electrochemical energy storage power station has the ability to actively support the power grid,from passive regulation to active support.Since energy storage is an important physical basis for realizing the inertia and damping characteristics in VSG control,energy storage constraints of the physical characteristics on the system control parameters are analyzed to provide a basis for the system parameter tuning.In a classic VSG control,its virtual inertia and damping coefficient remain unchanged.When the grid load changes greatly,the constant control strategy most likely result in the grid frequency deviation beyond the stable operation standard limitations.To solve this problem,a comprehensive control strategy considering electrified wire netting demand and energy storage unit state of charge(SOC)is proposed,and an adaptive optimization method of VSG parameters under different SOC is given.The energy storage battery can maintain a safe working state at any time and be smoothly disconnected,which can effectively improve the output frequency performance of energy storage system.Simulation results further demonstrated the effectiveness of the VSG control theoretical analysis.

Prospect of new pumped-storage power station

In this paper, a new type of pumped-storage power station with faster response speed, wider regulation range, and better stability is proposed. The operational flexible of the traditional pumped-storage power station can be improved with variable-speed pumped-storage tech no logy. Combined with chemical en ergy storage, the failure to achieve sec on d-order response speed and the insufficient safety and reliability of pumped-storage power units could be solved. With the better solar en ergy and site resources, the in teg rated performance can be improved by an optical storage system in stalled in future pumped-storage stations. Through the characteristics analysis of the new type of pumped-storage power station, three types of optimal station locations are proposed, namely, the load concentration area, new energy concentration area, and ultrahigh- voltage direct current receiver area. Taking the new pumped-storage power station as an example, the advantages of multi-energy cooperation and joint operation are analyzed. It can be predicted that the frequency and load regulation of the power grid will be more flexible, and the service capacity to the main power grid will be much stronger in the future.

Real-Time Energy Management for Net-Zero Power Systems Based on Shared Energy Storage

Battery energy storage systems(BESSs)serve a crucial role in balancing energy fluctuations and reducing carbon emissions in net-zero power systems.However,the efficiency and cost performance have remained significant challenges,which hinders the widespread adoption and development of BESSs.To address these challenges,this paper proposes a real-time energy management scheme that considers the involvement of prosumers to support net-zero power systems.The scheme is based on two shared energy storage models,referred to as energy storage sale model and power line lease model.The energy storage sale model balances real-time power deviations by energy interaction with the goal of minimizing system costs while generating revenue for shared energy storage providers(ESPs).Additionally,power line lease model supports peer-to-peer(P2P)power trading among prosumers through the power lines laid by ESPs to connect each prosumer.This model allows ESP to earn profits from the use of power lines while balancing power deviations and better consuming renewable energy.Experimental results validate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme,ensuring stable power supply for net-zero power systems and providing benefits for both the ESP and prosumers.

Recent Progress on Thermal Energy Storage for Coal-Fired Power Plant

With countries proposing the goal of carbon neutrality,the clean transformation of energy structure has become a hot and trendy issue internationally.Renewable energy generation will account for the main proportion,but it also leads to the problem of unstable electricity supply.At present,large-scale energy storage technology is not yet mature.Improving the flexibility of coal-fired power plants to suppress the instability of renewable energy generation is a feasible path.Thermal energy storage is a feasible technology to improve the flexibility of coal-fired power plants.This article provides a review of the research on the flexibility transformation of coal-fired power plants based on heat storage technology,mainly including medium to low-temperature heat storage based on hot water tanks and high-temperature heat storage based on molten salt.The current technical difficulties are summarized,and future development prospects are presented.The combination of the thermal energy storage system and coal-fired power generation system is the foundation,and the control of the inclined temperature layer and the selection and development of molten salt are key issues.The authors hope that the research in this article can provide a reference for the flexibility transformation research of coal-fired power plants,and promote the application of heat storage foundation in specific coal-fired power plant transformation projects.

锂离子电池储能电站的热失控状态检测与安全防控技术研究进展

锂离子电池具有能量密度大、使用寿命长、工作温度范围宽、自放电小等优点,是中国电化学储能电站的主流电池技术。然而,在加热、过充等恶劣工况下,锂离子电池易发生热失控引发火灾甚至爆炸,因此其安全问题已逐渐成为锂离子电池储能电站建设及大规模应用的首要问题。该文系统分析了锂离子储能电池热失控的诱因、电池内部反应过程及外部特征参量的变化规律,重点总结了当前主要的电池热失控状态检测技术、智能诊断算法及储能电站安全防控技术,最后对储能电站热失控状态检测及安全防控技术进行了总结和展望。

面向新型电力系统的储能规划方法研究进展及展望

储能是新型电力系统非常重要的灵活性调节资源,在源网荷各端均可发挥重要的作用,在中国,储能的发展已经进入规模化发展期,如何合理、经济地利用好储能的关键是规划配置方法。在对储能规划方法研究现状的基础上,分析了储能投资运营主体多元化、应用场景和运行模式复杂化、储能技术多样化等新变化对储能规划方法的影响;提出了新能源聚集区考虑时空互补和共享机制的储能规划方法、电网侧充分市场竞争下的储能与输配电系统协同规划方法,以及用户侧电、热、氢多元储能合作/竞争共存下的规划方法。面向新型电力系统的储能规划,未来应注重电力系统不同发展阶段的整体协调性、储能投资运营主体多元化内生博弈机制的影响,以及规划方案在多目标多场景下的迁移学习方法。

计及光伏和储能接入的牵引供电系统能量管理策略

近年来,为实现电气化铁路“双碳”目标,多项铁路用能优化举措投入实施并取得一定成效,然而,单靠能耗优化治标不治本。为根治电气化铁路碳排放问题,在保证系统稳定运行的基础上,基于智能电网理念,提出计及光伏和储能接入的牵引供电系统能量管理策略。首先,构建计及光伏和储能接入的牵引供电系统;然后,基于电力市场电价及新能源出力,采用日前联合调控、日内滚动调节和实时优化控制铁路用能,并通过分层分级优化,打破各“源”端相对独立、各自为政的壁垒,实现多能互补;最后,通过共享储能模式,降低储能装置闲置率并提高新能源利用率。仿真结果表明,该能量管理策略可在保障系统运行稳定和安全的基础上有效地降低系统的运行成本,同时保持良好的电能质量。

风电租赁储能参与电能-调频市场竞价策略

风电参与市场化竞价运营,可有效激发风电的市场力及其主动租赁储能改善调频性能的积极性,在提升风电运营效益的同时,助力电网的调频调峰,但需解决风储调频性能指标优化及其电能-调频双市场竞价策略协同优化等关键问题。为此,提出了风电参与电能-调频市场竞价双层优化模型:上层为双市场多主体竞价出清模型;下层为各主体竞价策略优化模型,响应上层出清结果,优化调整竞价策略,达到各主体效益最大化。下层模型嵌套了考虑风电不确定性的储能运营商与风电集群储能租赁价格/容量主从博弈优化模型。双层模型联合求解,得出最终风电集群租赁储能容量及其双市场竞价策略。算例结果表明,所提方法能够提升风电运营效益,助力电网调频调峰。

计及深度调峰的风-光-水-火-抽蓄多能源联网系统优化调度研究

多种能源联网运行逐步成为未来电力系统发展的方向,多能源联网系统的优化调度是应对规模化新能源并网消纳的重要手段。文中建立了计及火电机组深度调峰成本的风-光-水-火-抽蓄联网系统成本模型和考虑调峰主动性的风-光-水-火-抽蓄联网系统日前优化调度模型。针对多能源耦合系统结构复杂的情况,提出了分层优化调度的模型求解策略。上层模型以净负荷波动最小为优化目标,得到等效负荷曲线;下层模型根据上层模型的调度结果,以调峰运行的经济性最优和新能源弃电率最低为目标函数,计及调峰主动性,求解考虑火电机组深度调峰煤耗特性的含新能源系统的经济调度问题。仿真算例表明所建模型实现了多能源联网系统的互补运行,提升了火电机组的深度调峰能力,降低新能源弃电率和系统运行成本。

风电集群汇集的共享储能虚拟惯量补偿控制策略

针对大规模风电并网导致系统惯量削弱问题,提出风电集群汇集的共享储能虚拟惯量补偿控制策略。首先,计算风电集群惯量削弱量及共享储能电站的惯量补偿目标;然后,根据惯性响应的基本物理意义,定义储能装置的虚拟惯量;接着,探明其时变特性,求解储能虚拟惯量时域过程,确定储能电站以及各储能单元虚拟惯量补偿目标,提出各储能单元补偿目标动态设置控制参数的控制策略;最后,通过Matlab/Simulink仿真,验证了所提策略在不同储能配置容量、不同风电渗透率下均具有良好控制效果和适应性。

含抽水蓄能电站的高比例新能源发电系统多时间尺度调度模型

针对高比例新能源接入电网的消纳问题,提出一种含抽水蓄能电站的高比例新能源发电系统多时间尺度协调调度模型.依据风电、光伏、负荷功率预测精度随时间尺度缩短逐级提高的特点,以系统总运行成本最小为目标构建日前24 h、日内1 h、实时15 min三阶段协调调度模型.通过多时间尺度的协调配合,逐级修正发电计划,实现抽蓄、风电、光伏、火电出力良好跟踪负荷.基于CPLEX商业优化软件,利用混合整数线性规划法对含6台抽蓄机组的风光火抽蓄互补发电系统展开仿真分析.结果表明:抽水蓄能机组可发挥其负荷响应时间短、功率调节速度快的优势,减轻火电机组调节负担,有效缓解火电机组调节压力.通过多时间尺度的协调配合,可减少弃风弃光,提高新能源消纳水平.

考虑新能源发电商租赁共享储能的电力市场博弈分析

针对实际中储能资源利用率不高等问题,提出一种新能源发电商和储能运营商之间的储能租赁共享模式,其中储能运营商除了租赁部分储能给新能源发电商外,还可利用剩余储能独立参与市场竞争,因而该模式有助于提高储能资源利用率。为了研究该共享模式对电力市场运行的影响,建立了考虑该共享模式的日前电力市场双层博弈模型,其中,上层为储能运营商与多个新能源发电商基于讨价还价博弈理论来确定储能租赁价格的优化模型,下层为新能源发电商、储能运营商与传统发电商作为价格影响者参与日前电力市场竞争的多时段非合作博弈模型。然后采用非线性互补方法将双层博弈模型转化为单层优化问题求解。最后通过算例仿真验证所提出租赁模式的合理性和有效性。

主动配电网-充换电站群-智慧社区群分层优化调度策略

为解决配电网、社区、充换电站3个利益主体之间难以保障能量最优交换和信息安全问题,提出一种主动配电网充换电站群智慧社区群的分层优化调度策略。首先,结合用户侧的储能需求和电动汽车充换电站的运行优化需求,在满足配电网经济运行的前提下建立电动汽车充换电站、配电网和社区共同参与的共享储能模式,上层为主动配电网运行模型,下层为社区和充换电站运行模型;其次,考虑各储能充换电站之间的交通流、能量流的时空特性,利用卡车对各电动汽车充换电站间的电池进行灵活调度,建立基于移动式储能车的电池时空共享模型;然后,为解决多主体(即充换电站、配电网、社区)参与的调度框架难以实现总体最优的问题,引入交替方向乘子法(alternating direction method of multipliers,ADMM)设计了社区充换电站配电网的3层能量共享模型;最后使用MATLAB对模型仿真编码求解。仿真结果表明:所提出的策略能够保障共享储能系统中各个主体隐私的安全性和用能的经济性,使能量共享形式更加多样化;可提高储能电池的使用效率和用能经济性,系统总成本降低了18%。

共享储能模式下电动汽车充电站双层优化运行策略

在电动汽车持有量快速增长的背景下,电动汽车充电站的建设需求日益强烈。为了提高充电站运行经济性,文中提出接入共享储能的电动汽车充电站优化调度方法。首先,分析分布式储能和共享储能的运行模式,以充电站年投资成本和年运行成本最低为上层目标函数,以典型日运行成本最小为下层目标函数,构建考虑储能不同运行模式的电动汽车充电站双层优化调度模型。其次,对3个具有差异性的电动汽车充电站进行仿真,并将多个场景下的不同储能运行模式进行对比。然后,在此基础上,针对共享储能服务费以及电动汽车放电损耗进行灵敏度分析。最后,算例表明,共享储能的接入对降低电动汽车充电站规划和运行成本具有积极作用,合理的储能服务费定价和电动汽车放电损耗成本能减少充电站运行成本。

计及源-荷多类型备用的虚拟电厂双层优化运行

需求响应行为和共享储能的运行均会对虚拟电厂能量流动产生影响,在此背景下,为提高虚拟电厂对可再生能源的消纳能力,提出一种计及源-荷多类型备用的虚拟电厂双层优化调度方法。文中对风电的不确定性、需求响应参与能量和备用调度以及共享储能运行模式进行建模;建立双层调度模型,上层为考虑风电不确定性的日前能量和备用计划调度模型,下层为考虑风电波动性的日内修正模型。最后通过算例讨论了共享储能和需求响应对虚拟电厂能量和备用调度的影响,验证了模型的正确性和经济性。

宽式防旋墩环形堰竖井水力特性分析

目前许多拟建抽蓄工程泄洪洞的环形堰竖井入口设置了新型宽式防旋墩,以消除喉口处由不可控漩流引起的呛水等不利流态,而宽式防旋墩环形堰竖井的水气特性与以往采用起旋墩和窄式防旋墩的竖井存在较大差异,业内对其认识尚不清晰。以石台抽水蓄能电站下水库泄洪洞的竖井作为研究对象,采用物理模型试验与数值模拟相结合的手段,分析了流态、流速、压力、消能率等水力指标。研究结果表明:宽式防旋墩引导水流平顺进入竖井形成脱壁流,其尾部可形成顺畅的进气通道,空气经此通道可充分进入竖井以保持井内流态与压力的稳定;新型竖井过流能力满足要求,各部位流速、压力分布正常,总消能率达85%以上;宽式防旋墩可消除不可控漩流导致的呛水现象并引导水流在竖井内形成脱壁流态,使竖井壁面免于空蚀破坏;墩尾通气量足够时,可取消通气管及环形堰与竖井结合部突扩体型,简化工程布置。相关经验可供类似抽蓄电站工程的泄洪洞竖井设计参考。

地下车站供冷季用能特征分析与基于需求响应的调峰潜力评估

聚焦地铁车站小时尺度用能特征,以长江中下游地区某典型屏蔽门地下车站为例,分析了车站逐时能耗构成及通风空调系统能耗的影响因素。研究结果表明,通风空调能耗为地铁车站动力照明能耗的最大占比项,占比可达83%,室外空气参数、客流量与发车密度均与通风空调能耗呈现显著相关关系。面向需求响应,建立了混合整数规划模型,评估蓄能参与下的地铁车站调峰潜力。模拟结果表明,蓄能装置参与下,车站全年累计高峰时段用电量可大幅削减,48.2%的高峰时段用电量可转移至平时段和低谷时段。

抽水蓄能电站无压泄洪洞台阶消能型式研究

基于甘肃某抽水蓄能电站泄洪洞洞内消能设计,探讨在流量及底坡恒定的条件下,台阶尺寸与消能率的相关关系,探寻台阶尺寸的初拟原则,采用现行NB/T 10867-2021《溢洪道设计规范》中跌落流上限及滑行流下限的经验公式(坡角范围为2.86°~59.53°)进行台阶消能流态的初步判别,通过Chanson半经验公式理论计算和CFD数值模拟水工隧洞底板布置不同台阶尺寸对应的消能特性。结果表明:在流量及坡度不变的情况下,台阶尺寸(台阶步长及高度)对消能率的影响有限;台阶尺寸越大,水力要素受流动边界条件影响和扰动越明显;初拟台阶尺寸时,应分析水流掺气点位置及出现掺气均匀流位置随台阶尺寸变化向上游移动的速率,同时结合实际边界条件、便于施工及后期运维等方面综合考虑,台阶高差宜控制在0.20~0.60 m。

考虑5G基站储能参与配电网供电恢复研究

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