A few additional data from our previous experiments were plotted to emphasize the shear-thickening behavior ofdeoxy sickle erythrocyte （SS） suspension. A constitutive equation （named as FX equation） was developed ...A few additional data from our previous experiments were plotted to emphasize the shear-thickening behavior ofdeoxy sickle erythrocyte （SS） suspension. A constitutive equation （named as FX equation） was developed and applied to a cylindrical pipe flow of a shear-thickening fluid. A blunt velocity profile and its volume flow rate were calculated. The flow was non-viscous （potential） in the central part of the pipe （i.e. the central core or the central plug-flow）, and became more and more viscous towards the wall of the pipe after a specific radial distance, which was determined by a critical shear rate of γF （named as Fung＇s shear rate）. Furthermore, combining the FX equation with the original Casson＇s equation, the author obtained a modified Casson＇s equation by introducing γF.展开更多
Compressed bentonite in the form of pellets or plugs is used for the abandonment of production wells for the oil and gas industry. The design of the abandonment systems is based on the hydro-mechanical behaviour of th...Compressed bentonite in the form of pellets or plugs is used for the abandonment of production wells for the oil and gas industry. The design of the abandonment systems is based on the hydro-mechanical behaviour of the compressed bentonite defined by mechanical parameters that are used from published data rather than quantified for the used material by laboratory investigations. This paper presents an experimental study on characterising the swelling and shear strength behaviour of raw and polymer (polyvinylpyrrolidone, PVP) treated bentonite. Dislodgement tests consist of three hydrated bentonite plugs inserted in steel casings with the failure mechanism characterised. The bentonite used comes from a local mine (in Queensland, Australia) and is comparable to other bentonites usually used for the abandonment of wells or for other problems where mineral sealing is required (e.g. basal clay barriers of landfills). The experiments have shown that polymer treated bentonite shows significantly larger shear strengths than raw bentonite with simultaneously less swelling. More compressed samples also showed higher shear strengths and less swelling. The dislodgement tests have characterised for the first time the cascaded failure mechanism of a series of plugs forming an abandonment system. This investigation is the first step towards the development of an improved design for abandonment systems for wells using bentonite plugs.展开更多
Oblique perforation of thick metallic plates by rigid projectiles with various nose shapes is studied in this paper. Two perforation mechanisms, i.e., the hole enlargement for a sharp projectile nose and the plugging ...Oblique perforation of thick metallic plates by rigid projectiles with various nose shapes is studied in this paper. Two perforation mechanisms, i.e., the hole enlargement for a sharp projectile nose and the plugging formation for a blunt projectile nose, are considered in the proposed analytical model. It is shown that the perforation of a thick plate is dominated by several non-dimensional numbers, i.e., the impact function, the geometry function of projectile, the non-dimensional thickness of target and the impact obliquity. Explicit formulae are obtained to predict the ballistic limit, residual velocity and directional change for the oblique perforation of thick metallic plates. The proposed model is able to predict the critical condition for the occurrence of ricochet. The proposed model is validated by comparing the predictions with other existing models and independent experimental data.展开更多
为减弱地面剪切和吸附与稀释作用等因素对冻胶成冻性能的影响,将已成冻的锆本体冻胶经胶体磨的机械剪切制得锆冻胶分散体,室内研究了本体冻胶强度、剪切时间和剪切间距对锆冻胶分散体黏度和粒径的影响,考察了锆冻胶分散体的封堵调剖性...为减弱地面剪切和吸附与稀释作用等因素对冻胶成冻性能的影响,将已成冻的锆本体冻胶经胶体磨的机械剪切制得锆冻胶分散体,室内研究了本体冻胶强度、剪切时间和剪切间距对锆冻胶分散体黏度和粒径的影响,考察了锆冻胶分散体的封堵调剖性能。结果表明,通过调整聚合物和有机锆交联剂的加量,可以调节锆本体冻胶体系的成冻时间和成冻强度,随着聚合物和交联剂加量的增大,交联越快,强度越大;锆冻胶分散体为粒径5.66数224.87μm的颗粒,黏度在1.8数41.0 m Pa·s内可调;随着本体冻胶强度和剪切间距的增大,锆冻胶分散体黏度和粒径增大;剪切时间越长,锆冻胶分散体黏度越低,粒径越小;驱油实验结果表明,随岩心渗透率增加,冻胶分散体对岩心的封堵率降低,锆冻胶分散体能有效调整渗流剖面,采收率增幅为46%。展开更多
文摘A few additional data from our previous experiments were plotted to emphasize the shear-thickening behavior ofdeoxy sickle erythrocyte （SS） suspension. A constitutive equation （named as FX equation） was developed and applied to a cylindrical pipe flow of a shear-thickening fluid. A blunt velocity profile and its volume flow rate were calculated. The flow was non-viscous （potential） in the central part of the pipe （i.e. the central core or the central plug-flow）, and became more and more viscous towards the wall of the pipe after a specific radial distance, which was determined by a critical shear rate of γF （named as Fung＇s shear rate）. Furthermore, combining the FX equation with the original Casson＇s equation, the author obtained a modified Casson＇s equation by introducing γF.
文摘Compressed bentonite in the form of pellets or plugs is used for the abandonment of production wells for the oil and gas industry. The design of the abandonment systems is based on the hydro-mechanical behaviour of the compressed bentonite defined by mechanical parameters that are used from published data rather than quantified for the used material by laboratory investigations. This paper presents an experimental study on characterising the swelling and shear strength behaviour of raw and polymer (polyvinylpyrrolidone, PVP) treated bentonite. Dislodgement tests consist of three hydrated bentonite plugs inserted in steel casings with the failure mechanism characterised. The bentonite used comes from a local mine (in Queensland, Australia) and is comparable to other bentonites usually used for the abandonment of wells or for other problems where mineral sealing is required (e.g. basal clay barriers of landfills). The experiments have shown that polymer treated bentonite shows significantly larger shear strengths than raw bentonite with simultaneously less swelling. More compressed samples also showed higher shear strengths and less swelling. The dislodgement tests have characterised for the first time the cascaded failure mechanism of a series of plugs forming an abandonment system. This investigation is the first step towards the development of an improved design for abandonment systems for wells using bentonite plugs.
文摘Oblique perforation of thick metallic plates by rigid projectiles with various nose shapes is studied in this paper. Two perforation mechanisms, i.e., the hole enlargement for a sharp projectile nose and the plugging formation for a blunt projectile nose, are considered in the proposed analytical model. It is shown that the perforation of a thick plate is dominated by several non-dimensional numbers, i.e., the impact function, the geometry function of projectile, the non-dimensional thickness of target and the impact obliquity. Explicit formulae are obtained to predict the ballistic limit, residual velocity and directional change for the oblique perforation of thick metallic plates. The proposed model is able to predict the critical condition for the occurrence of ricochet. The proposed model is validated by comparing the predictions with other existing models and independent experimental data.
文摘为减弱地面剪切和吸附与稀释作用等因素对冻胶成冻性能的影响,将已成冻的锆本体冻胶经胶体磨的机械剪切制得锆冻胶分散体,室内研究了本体冻胶强度、剪切时间和剪切间距对锆冻胶分散体黏度和粒径的影响,考察了锆冻胶分散体的封堵调剖性能。结果表明,通过调整聚合物和有机锆交联剂的加量,可以调节锆本体冻胶体系的成冻时间和成冻强度,随着聚合物和交联剂加量的增大,交联越快,强度越大;锆冻胶分散体为粒径5.66数224.87μm的颗粒,黏度在1.8数41.0 m Pa·s内可调;随着本体冻胶强度和剪切间距的增大,锆冻胶分散体黏度和粒径增大;剪切时间越长,锆冻胶分散体黏度越低,粒径越小;驱油实验结果表明,随岩心渗透率增加,冻胶分散体对岩心的封堵率降低,锆冻胶分散体能有效调整渗流剖面,采收率增幅为46%。
