Orientation dependency of shear stress-strain curves in B2-ordered Fe_3Al single crystals deformed in tension at room temperature

B2-ordered Fe3Al single crystals with various orientations were deformed in tension at room temperature in vacuum. The shape of shear stress-strain curves and work hardening rates were found to be strongly dependent on the orientation. The formation of the five different work hardening stages were considered to be related to the number of operative slip systems, the effect of secondary slip systems and the dissociation of the twofold superdislocation. Stage I is an easy glide stage corresponding to single slip. Stage II, with high hardening rate, often corresponds to the existence of conjugate slip systems. Stage III, with relatively low hardening rate, corresponds to the weaker hardening of secondary slip systems. Stage IV, with the highest hardening rate, is not only related to multiple slip but also the dissociation of twofold superdislocations and the moving of superpartials with an antiphase boundary (APB) trap. Stages V, with a negative hardening rate, may be caused by the cross slip of single dissociated superdislocation. The number of stages and the work hardening rate of the same stage were also found to change significantly, when the tensile orientation lies in different orientation regions.

基于Hardin骨架曲线的粗粒土非线性动本构模型

为研究高速铁路路基粗粒土填料在列车荷载作用下的动力特性,使用大型动三轴实验仪对粗粒土填料开展了动力变形特性试验研究。以Hardin-Drnevich骨架曲线为基础,采用Masing准则构造了粗粒土加载、卸载的动应力动应变关系滞回曲线;推导了粗粒土的Hardin-Drnevich骨架曲线和加载、卸载滞回曲线上增量剪切模量表达式。利用ABAQUS软件的UMAT子程序编制了基于Hardin-Drnevich骨架曲线和广义Masing准则的粗粒土非线性动本构模型子程序。通过与三轴试验结果比较,验证所建立粗粒土非线性动本构模型的正确性。将该本构模型应用到高速铁路路基动力响应分析中,模拟结果与模型试验数据吻合较好。相对于摩尔库伦本构模型,该本构模型能够更好地反映铁路路基动力响应特性。

不同水力路径下非饱和粉质土的破坏与变形特性

通过压力板仪、temple仪和直剪仪对非饱和粉土经过脱湿之后和不同含水量状态分别进行抗剪强度试验研究。试验结果表明:如果采用净应力来描述,非饱和土的有效粘聚力随着含水量的增大而减小,或随着基质吸力的增大而增大,但有效内摩擦角基本保持不变。当饱和度相同时,经过脱湿之后的土体有效粘聚力较大,反映出滞回效应。如果采用有效应力来描述,抗剪强度曲线则归一化为一条临界状态线,而与含水量大小和水力路径无关,从而证明了采用有效应力的合理性与有效性。在修正剑桥模型基础上,将饱和度和基质吸力作为内变量,提出屈服强度的硬化函数,建立渗流与变形耦合模型,从而可以考虑前期降雨历史对非饱和土边坡稳定性的影响。

土体震致剪切变形条件下斜坡桩的受力特性

为了研究斜坡土体震致剪切变形条件下桩基的受力特性,结合土体多屈服面模型和桩土动力弹簧模型,建立了斜坡—桩基体系整体数值模型。通过输入幅值为0.4809 g的EI-centro地震波,考虑不同的坡角和桩径条件,进行了非线性动力时程计算。结果表明:在地震荷载作用下,不同深度处斜坡土体剪切变形存在差异,斜坡群桩基础受力不均衡。斜坡坡角对斜坡土体剪切变形发展和桩身残余弯矩起控制作用,而桩径对其的影响相对较小。本研究工作对斜坡桩基抗震设计具有一定的参考意义。