The present paper summarizes the results of previous studies, including the structure and principle of the rotary ring flume for researching the fine sediment movement, the mechanism of the flume, method of eliminatin...The present paper summarizes the results of previous studies, including the structure and principle of the rotary ring flume for researching the fine sediment movement, the mechanism of the flume, method of eliminating the influence of the centrifugal force and sediment movement experiments with periodic alternating current. Also included are the experiment-based relationship among sediment concentration, bed shear stress and silt carrying capacity, a proposed erosion-deposition function and bed erosion-deposition calculation together with the results of verification.展开更多
Rectangular wave current control of the electrochemical reduction of nitrobenzene im-proves the selectivity for p-aminophenol(PAP) compared to direct current(d.c.) control at thesame average current density in a flow-...Rectangular wave current control of the electrochemical reduction of nitrobenzene im-proves the selectivity for p-aminophenol(PAP) compared to direct current(d.c.) control at thesame average current density in a flow-by packed-bed reactor.Optimal increase in PAP selectivitycan be obtained at about a frequency of 50Hz and a duty cycle of 0.2.A mathematical model isset up to incorporate the effects of mass transfer,hydrogen evolution and double layer charging,and is solved using the Duhamel’s superposition principle and the modified Crank-Nicolson methodwith the upwind scheme.The conventional d.c.control cases are also calculated for comparison.Calculations can be applied to predict the reaction results under periodic current and d.c.control,but both display the same trends compared to experimental data.展开更多
A 1.5-layer quasi-geostrophic reduced gravity model is used to study the hysteresis of a periodic or leaking western boundary current(WBC) flowing by a gap. When the periods of the WBC variations are much longer than ...A 1.5-layer quasi-geostrophic reduced gravity model is used to study the hysteresis of a periodic or leaking western boundary current(WBC) flowing by a gap. When the periods of the WBC variations are much longer than the Rossby adjustment time scales of the circulation in the vicinity of the gap, the Hopf bifurcations during the Reincrease and Re-decrease loops are delayed to produce a new domain of hysteresis of the Reynolds numbers, and the critical Reynolds numbers of the WBC regime transitions change significantly, with the domain of the hysteresis Reynolds number larger for shorter periodic forcing. When the periods of the WBC variations are comparable to those of the Rossby adjustment time scales of the circulation in the vicinity of the gap, the WBC path inside the gap becomes periodic without hysteresis. The intrusion of the WBC into the western basin generally gets smaller as the period decreases. In addition, the partial leakage of the WBC transport through the gap into the western basin is found to have significant impact on the hysteresis loop of the WBC path when the leaked transport is larger than 1/2 of the WBC. Both the intrusion extent and the critical Reynolds numbers of the WBC regime transition are changed, and the larger the throughflow transport, the larger the change.展开更多
Using the method developed by Gurvitz [1996 Phys. Rev. B 53 15932], we obtained the Bloch-type rate equations describing the entire system of a periodically driving qubit monitored by a quantum point contact detector....Using the method developed by Gurvitz [1996 Phys. Rev. B 53 15932], we obtained the Bloch-type rate equations describing the entire system of a periodically driving qubit monitored by a quantum point contact detector. The results demonstrate that the isolated qubit can be kept in its initial state with a large driving frequency due to more difficult electron tunneling in qubit, and this initial state can always be measured at a small measurement-induced decoherence rate during a short time.展开更多
文摘The present paper summarizes the results of previous studies, including the structure and principle of the rotary ring flume for researching the fine sediment movement, the mechanism of the flume, method of eliminating the influence of the centrifugal force and sediment movement experiments with periodic alternating current. Also included are the experiment-based relationship among sediment concentration, bed shear stress and silt carrying capacity, a proposed erosion-deposition function and bed erosion-deposition calculation together with the results of verification.
基金Supported by the State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering,National Nature Science Foundation of China,and China Petrochemical Corporation.
文摘Rectangular wave current control of the electrochemical reduction of nitrobenzene im-proves the selectivity for p-aminophenol(PAP) compared to direct current(d.c.) control at thesame average current density in a flow-by packed-bed reactor.Optimal increase in PAP selectivitycan be obtained at about a frequency of 50Hz and a duty cycle of 0.2.A mathematical model isset up to incorporate the effects of mass transfer,hydrogen evolution and double layer charging,and is solved using the Duhamel’s superposition principle and the modified Crank-Nicolson methodwith the upwind scheme.The conventional d.c.control cases are also calculated for comparison.Calculations can be applied to predict the reaction results under periodic current and d.c.control,but both display the same trends compared to experimental data.
基金The National Program on Global Change and Air-Sea Interaction under contract Nos GASI-03-01-01-05,GASIIPOVAI-01-02,GASI-IPOVAI-02,GASI-IPOVAI-03,GASI-IPOVAI-01-05 and GASI-03-01-01-02the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)under contract Nos 41421005,41720104008,41476025,41376038 and 41876025+4 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)-Shandong Joint Fund for Marine Science Research Centers of China under contract Nos U1606402 and U1606405the CAS Strategic Priority Project under contract No.XDA11010205the Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology under contract No.2016ASKJ04the National Science and Technology Major Project under contract No.2016ZX05057015the Open Fund of Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environment & Disaster Prevention and Mitigation under contract No.201701
文摘A 1.5-layer quasi-geostrophic reduced gravity model is used to study the hysteresis of a periodic or leaking western boundary current(WBC) flowing by a gap. When the periods of the WBC variations are much longer than the Rossby adjustment time scales of the circulation in the vicinity of the gap, the Hopf bifurcations during the Reincrease and Re-decrease loops are delayed to produce a new domain of hysteresis of the Reynolds numbers, and the critical Reynolds numbers of the WBC regime transitions change significantly, with the domain of the hysteresis Reynolds number larger for shorter periodic forcing. When the periods of the WBC variations are comparable to those of the Rossby adjustment time scales of the circulation in the vicinity of the gap, the WBC path inside the gap becomes periodic without hysteresis. The intrusion of the WBC into the western basin generally gets smaller as the period decreases. In addition, the partial leakage of the WBC transport through the gap into the western basin is found to have significant impact on the hysteresis loop of the WBC path when the leaked transport is larger than 1/2 of the WBC. Both the intrusion extent and the critical Reynolds numbers of the WBC regime transition are changed, and the larger the throughflow transport, the larger the change.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 10775091)
文摘Using the method developed by Gurvitz [1996 Phys. Rev. B 53 15932], we obtained the Bloch-type rate equations describing the entire system of a periodically driving qubit monitored by a quantum point contact detector. The results demonstrate that the isolated qubit can be kept in its initial state with a large driving frequency due to more difficult electron tunneling in qubit, and this initial state can always be measured at a small measurement-induced decoherence rate during a short time.
