Numerical Simulation of Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer in Funnel Shaped Mold of Thin Slab Continuous Caster

Thin slab casting is used widely in the world. The control of molten steel flow and solidification in the mold is difficult due to the high casting speed and complicated configuration of the mold. Numerical simulation was carried out to study the fluid flow and heat transfer in the funnel shaped mold. The influence of nozzle design, casting speed and nozzle submersion depth on the flow and temperature fields in the mold was investigated, and guidance for selecting configurations of submerged nozzle was obtained.

A Numerical Study on Fully Developed Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer in a Spiral Finned Tube

In this paper, the standard k-εtwo-equation model is adopted to numerically simulate fully developed fluid flow and heat transfer in a spiral finned tube within a cracking furnace for ethylene manufacturing. By variable transformation, the orlglnal 3-D problem is converted into a 2-D problem in spiral coordinates. The algorithm of SIMPLEC is used to study the fully developed fluld flow and heat transfer in the spiral finned tube at constant periphery temperature and constant axial heat flux, The computed results agree pretty well with the experimental data obtained from the industry, Further studies on the fluid flows and temperature profiles at different Reynolds numbers within straight and spiral finned tubes are conducted and the mechanisms involved are explored. It is found that with the spiral finned tube, pressure drop increases to a great extent whereas heat transfer tends to be decreased.

A numerical study on heat transfer enhancement and design of a heat exchanger with porous media in continuous hydrothermal flow synthesis system

The aim of this study is to use a new configuration of porous media in a heat exchanger in continuous hydrothermal flow synthesis(CHFS)system to enhance the heat transfer and minimize the required length of the heat exchanger.For this purpose,numerous numerical simulations are performed to investigate performance of the system with porous media.First,the numerical simulation for the heat exchanger in CHFS system is validated by experimental data.Then,porous media is added to the system and six different thicknesses for the porous media are examined to obtain the optimum thickness,based on the minimum required length of the heat exchanger.Finally,by changing the flow rate and inlet temperature of the product as well as the cooling water flow rate,the minimum required length of the heat exchanger with porous media for various inlet conditions is assessed.The investigations indicate that using porous media with the proper thickness in the heat exchanger increases the cooling rate of the product by almost 40% and reduces the required length of the heat exchanger by approximately 35%.The results also illustrate that the most proper thickness of the porous media is approximately equal to 90% of the product tube's thickness.Results of this study lead to design a porous heat exchanger in CHFS system for various inlet conditions.

Numerical investigation of grooves effects on the thermal performance of helically grooved shell and coil tube heat exchanger

Heat exchangers are integral parts of important industrial units such as petrochemicals,medicine and power plants.Due to the importance of systems energy consumption,different modifications have been applied on heat exchangers in terms of size and structure.In this study,a novel heat exchanger with helically grooved annulus shell and helically coiled tube was investigated by numerical simulation.Helically grooves with the same pitch of the helical coil tube and different depth are created on the inner and outer wall of annulus shell to improve the thermal performance of heat exchanger.In the first section,thermal performance of the shell and coil heat exchanger with the helical grooves on its outer shell wall was compared with same but without helical grooves.At the second section,helically grooves created on both outer and inner wall of the annulus shell with different groove depths.The results showed that the heat exchanger with grooves on both inner and outer shell wall has better thermal performance up to 20%compared to the heat exchanger with grooves on only outer shell wall.The highest thermal performance achieves at lower flow rates and higher groove depths whereas the pressure drop did not increase significantly.

Modeling transient fluid flow and heat transfer phenothena in stationary pulsed current TIG weld pool

A mathematical model is presented to describe transient behavior of heat transfer and fluid flow in stationary pulsed current tungsten inert gas (PC-TIG) weld pool, which considers three kinds of driving, forces for weld pool convection, i,e. buoyancyforce, electromagnetic force and surface tension force. furthermore. the effect of vaporization heat flux at the free surface of weld pool and the temperature coefficient of surface tenston which is a function of temperatuer and composition are considered in the model In order to accelerate the convergence of iteration the AST(additive source term)method which concerns with the thermal energv boundary conditions is extended successfully to deal with the momentum boundary conditions by which the transient momentum equation and energy equation are mutually coupled. At the same time. ADI (Alternating direction implicit) method and DBC (double blocks correction) technque are employed to solve the finite difference equations. The results of numerical simulation demonstrate the transient behavior of PC-TIG weld pool, as well as the periodic variation of fluid flow and heat transfer with the periodic variation of welding current in stationary PC-TIG weld pool. The theoretical predictions based on this model are, shown to be in good accordance with the experimental measurements.

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF CASTING PROCESS

In this paper, the development status of casting numerical simulation technology is introduced. In additional, mathematical model, solution method, initial condition, boundary condition and defect predicting scheme of foundry process are also analyzed, which include the mold filling process, solidification process and the process coupling fluid flow with heat transfer. Finally, a practical casting is taken out to show how to predict defects and optimize foundry process with numerical simulation technology.

Radiative Heat Transfer and Thermocapillary Effects on the Structure of the Flow during Czochralski Growth of Oxide Crystals

A numerical study was carried out to describe the flow field structure of an oxide melt under 1) the effect of internal radiation through the melt (and the crystal), and 2) the impact of surface tension-driven forces during Czochralski growth process. Throughout the present Finite Volume Method calculations, the melt is a Boussinnesq fluid of Prandtl number 4.69 and the flow is assumed to be in a steady, axisymmetric state. Particular attention is paid to an undulating structure of buoyancy-driven flow that appears in optically thick oxide melts and persists over against forced convection flow caused by the externally imposed rotation of the crystal. In a such wavy pattern of the flow, particularly for a relatively higher Rayleigh number , a small secondary vortex appears nearby the crucible bottom. The structure of the vortex which has been observed experimentally is studied in some details. The present model analysis discloses that, though both of the mechanisms 1) and 2) end up in smearing out the undulating structure of the flow, the effect of thermocapillary forces on the flow pattern is distinguishably different. It is shown that for a given dynamic Bond number, the behavior of the melt is largely modified. The transition corresponds to a jump discontinuity in the magnitude of the flow stream function.

基于SolidWorks Flow Simulation的换热器流场仿真分析及优化

换热器广泛应用于工业领域,换热效率关乎相关行业的整体效益,如何提高换热器的换热效率是换热器设计关注的重点。得益于3D打印成型技术的快速发展,新型网格状热交换管得以加工实现。相比传统的热交换管,新型网格状热交换管单位体积的换热面积、换热系数大幅度提高,换热效率成倍提升。使用SolidWorks软件构建了新型网格状换热器三维模型,并使用SolidWorks Flow Simulation模块对其进行了流体仿真及换热优化。

FLOW RESISTANCE AND HEAT TRANSFER CHARACTERISTICS OF A NEW-TYPE PLATE HEAT EXCHANGER

A new-type corrugation Plate Heat Exchanger （PHE） was designed. Results from both numerical simulations and experiments showed that the flow resistance of the working fluid in this new corrugation PHE, compared with the traditional chevron-type one, was decreased by more than 50%, and corresponding heat transfer performance was decreased by about 25%. The flow field of the working fluid in the corrugation PHE was transformed and hence performance difference in both flow resistance and heat transfer was generated. Such a novel plate, consisting of longitudinal and transverse corrugations, can effectively avoid the problem of flow path blockage, which will help to extend the application of PHEs to the situation with unclean working fluids.

考虑物性变化及壳体传热的新型板壳式换热器板程流动传热数值模拟

板壳式换热器以优越的换热性能和耐温耐压性在化工生产等领域有着广阔的应用前景。本文采用可实现k⁃ε湍流模型结合增强壁面函数,对一种新型板壳式换热器板程流动与传热特性进行数值模拟研究,讨论了介质物性变化及壳体传热的影响,并与已有实验进行验证。重点分析了不同波纹高度在不同入口流速下的流动传热特性,基于场协同理论揭示了速度场与温度场及压强场协同分布规律。结果表明:流动传热计算不能忽略流体介质物性变化及壳体传热的影响;增大波纹高度流态由曲折流向十字交叉流转变,板间流体分布趋于均匀,换热性能增大;沿沟槽形成连续的涡结构,在触点周围形成具有周期性和中心对称的高剪切涡量集中区,垂直于流动方向场协同呈现周期性变化,波纹高度越高周期性越明显;在波纹核心流域内因流动与热流相似,其协同程度变差。

歧管式射流微通道液冷散热性能

随着信息技术进步,芯片向大面积、高功率方向发展,对热管理提出了严峻挑战。微通道液冷能够解决高功率芯片散热难题,但传统平直微通道热沉流阻大、温度均匀性差。提出了一种耦合歧管式进出液结构、分布式射流和微针翅的新型歧管式微通道散热器,在平均热通量高于330 W/cm^(2)、总功率达到2500 W时,芯片平均温度低于70℃,实现了高效散热。通过数值模拟发现:降低散热器射流腔高度可显著强化传热,但整体压降也随之陡升,存在一个最佳射流腔高度;散热器底板的微针翅尺寸及其与射流腔的相对尺寸是新型歧管式微通道散热器的重要结构参数,微针翅的存在并不是绝对有益于传热强化。定义了微针翅与射流腔之间相对高度的无量纲参数——翅占比,存在临界翅占比使得阻碍效应和强化效应相抵消,当翅占比高于这一临界值时才能达到强化换热效果。本研究为新型歧管式微通道散热器的设计提供了指导。

不同截面肋柱-软尾结构单相流动传热比较

基于任意拉格朗日-欧拉(ALE)方法,利用动网格技术和重叠网格技术数值模拟研究了不同Reynolds数、截面形状以及长径比下的肋柱-软尾结构在通道中的双向流固耦合换热问题。模拟工况为:Reynolds数Re=200,275,351;肋柱截面形状:圆形和方形;长径比k=2,3,4。研究表明:Re=275时圆形截面肋柱-软尾结构的流动换热综合能力优于方形截面结构,k=3时圆形截面肋柱-软尾结构的流动换热综合能力最佳,肋柱周围的局部换热能力方形截面结构好于圆形截面结构;k=3时,随着Reynolds数的增大,不同截面形状的肋柱-软尾结构的流动换热综合能力逐渐升高,并且高Reynolds数、高长径比的圆形截面综合流动换热能力最佳;与不加软尾肋柱结构的流动换热能力进行对比发现,对于圆形截面形状的肋柱结构,增加软尾后综合换热能力增大了19.46%。

锯齿型翅片内不同温区氦气流动与传热性能对比及节距对翅片性能影响的研究

为分析板翅式换热器在低温工况下的流动换热性能与常温工况下的差异和翅片节距对其性能影响,建立氦气在锯齿翅片通道内流动与传热的数值模型,开展数值模拟分析。结果表明:低温氦气在锯齿型翅片通道内的传热性能优于常温氦气。在氦气入口温度为20 K时,j因子比300 K时提升1.1%~55.9%,比77 K时提升0.41%~13.01%;在氦气入口温度为77 K时,j因子比300 K时提升0.53%~38.47%。低温氦气在锯齿型翅片通道内的流动性能比常温氦气差。在氦气入口温度为20 K时,f因子比300 K时高16.84%~28.87%,比77 K时高3.98%~23.19%。翅片节距大小在不同温区下对翅片流动与传热性能均有显著影响。在不同温区下,j因子随着翅片节距增大而减小,f因子随着翅片节距减小而增大。低雷诺数时,JF因子随着翅片节距减小而增大,而高雷诺数时则出现相反的趋势。

混合板换热器板片结构对流道内触点分布及流动换热性能的影响

混合板式换热器作为余热利用系统中高效节能设备,其换热性能对系统效率及稳定性有重要影响。该研究基于RNG k-?湍流模型,对M型和H型板式换热器流道内流动及传热过程展开数值模拟,研究板片结构对板间触点分布的影响,及雷诺数Re和板片组合对横向流道内流动及换热特性的影响规律。结果表明:M型板间触点呈“方格”,H型呈“菱形”,且H型流流体速度较大、温度场分布较均匀。随Re数增大,压降△P及平均努塞尔数■均增大;Re数较低时,H型的■明显提高,且△P增幅较小;而高Re数(Re=6000)时,与M型相比,H型■的增幅仅为△P的25%左右。随波纹间距s减小,触点数明显增多,△P和■均增大;s为12~16 mm较合适。研究结果为混合板式换热器的设计及优化提供理论依据。

翅片管换热器内烟气对流换热模拟研究

以螺旋翅片管式换热器为研究对象,选取烟气进出口压降表征换热器流动阻力的大小、努塞尔数(Nu)表征换热器对流换热的强弱,利用Fluent软件模拟分析不同烟气流速下翅片结构参数对换热器流动阻力和换热效果的影响,并引入性能因子综合评价翅片结构参数对换热器换热性能的影响。结果表明:烟气流速一定时,翅片高度增加、厚度加厚和间距缩短均会使换热器进出口压降和Nu增加,在增大换热器流动阻力的同时,换热效果得到增强;翅片结构参数和性能因子的变化规律与Nu相反,选取高度较低、厚度较薄、间距较稀疏的翅片参数时换热器的综合性能更好;此外,与结构参数不同,烟气流速加快时Nu和性能因子均增大,能提升翅片管换热器的综合换热性能。

基于SolidWorks Flow Simulation的管壳式换热器传热性能数值仿真

为了分析结构形式和流动状态等因素对换热器传热效果的影响,以单根圆管换热器为研究对象验证了SolidWorks Flow Simulation软件进行仿真分析的可行性。基于该软件分析了流动形式和扁管厚度对扁管换热器传热性能的影响,并拟合了扁管沿程摩擦阻力系数计算公式。研究结果表明,数值模拟方法有效,扁管沿程摩擦阻力系数计算公式具有一定的参考价值。

印刷电路版式换热器内超临界甲烷的流动传热

为了研究印刷电路版式换热器(printed circuit heat exchanger,PCHE)内流体的流动和换热特性,建立了以超临界甲烷为冷媒、水为热媒的逆流型PCHE数值模型,研究了质量流量、通道折转角和管径对PCHE内超临界甲烷热工水力性能的影响。随着质量流量的增大,冷热通道温差减小,对流传热系数增大;在二次流动的作用下,锯齿形通道内流体的传热性能明显优于直通道,尤其是在小管径下,强化效果更为显著,但伴随的阻力损失不可忽略。在此基础上,利用在不同运行工况和几何模型下得到的模拟结果,提出了用于预测超临界甲烷PCHE通道内流动和传热性能的努塞尔特数和范宁摩擦因子关联式。预测结果与模拟结果之间的偏差在±10%以内,均方根偏差分别为6.81%和7.95%,该方法可被用于天然气行业PCHE的性能预测。

液化天然气绕管式换热器壳侧混合工质流动及传热特性

绕管式换热器壳侧的流动及传热特性对大型液化天然气/浮式液化天然气装备设计和优化具有重要意义。本文建立了两相流动沸腾数值模型以预测壳侧流型、压降及其传热效果。通过耦合VOF模型、相变传质模型和表面张力模型,探究了不同质流密度、干度等因素对壳侧流动传热特性的影响,并通过绕管式换热器流动换热实验平台进行了实验验证,证明了模拟所得规律与实验结果有良好的吻合性。结果表明:压降随干度的增加而增加;传热系数随干度的增加有所减小;壳侧制冷剂在不同干度下主要呈现柱状流、滴状流、气状流等流型。本研究为设计和优化绕管式换热器提供了理论基础。

绕管式换热器壳侧液体降膜流传热特性分析

为研究绕管式换热器壳侧传热特性,建立了以丙烷为模拟工质的三维液体降膜流传热模型,进行了不同流动工况下液体降膜流的传热数值模拟,分析了雷诺数、液相入口温度、换热管壁温、壳侧工作压力对绕管式换热器传热性能的影响。结果表明,流动工况对绕管式换热器的传热性能有显著影响;对于液体降膜流,传热膜系数随着雷诺数增大而增大,同时相同雷诺数时,随着换热管管层下降传热膜系数逐减减小;当液相入口温度升高时,传热膜系数增大,液相入口温度升高0.2 K时,平均传热膜系数升高约15%;当管壁温度与饱和温度间的温差较小时,升高管壁温度传热膜系数有明显增加,当管壁温度与饱和温度温差较大时,传热膜系数变化不显著。对于丙烷,工作压力增大时,液体降膜流的传热膜系数减小,当工作压力从0.2 MPa增大到0.3 MPa时,传热膜系数降低10%~15%,当工作压力从0.3 MPa增大到0.4 MPa时,传热膜系数降低约5%。所得结果可为绕管式换热器工艺设计提供参考。

超临界二氧化碳用印刷电路板式换热器性能分析

印刷电路板式换热器(PCHE)作为一种高效紧凑的新型微通道换热器,在超临界二氧化碳(SCO_(2))布雷顿循环中具有广阔应用前景。通过数值模拟分析了SCO_(2)在变径PCHE中的热工水力性能,结果表明:随着宽径的减小,表面传热系数增大,其相对于等径PCHE的提升效果更加显著;较大宽径PCHE的变径形式有着较小的CO_(2)压降增长率,宽径较小时变径结构会使综合性能有更显著的提高;表面传热系数随着渐变比的增加而增加,将变径段置于PCHE后端具有更优的传热特性,其表面传热系数峰值较其他形式提高了23%。不同结构的变径PCHE性能分析可为SCO_(2)冷却理论研究和PCHE典型工程应用提供参考和借鉴。