Philosophy and Philology:Two Approaches of Commentating the Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing(Shen Nong's Classic of the Materia Medica)in the Ming and Qing Dynasties

This paper tests the hypothesis that the commentary trend of the Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing(Shen Nong’s Classic of the Materia Medica)arises alongside the fashionable philology of the time,or the aversion against the Jin-Yuan medical philosophy.After surveying 12 major commentaries,it is concluded that the situation is more complicated than a simple assertion.The seemingly opposite philosophy and philology approaches have been used eclectically to innovate the understanding of ancient traditional Chinese medicine texts.

Bai Hu Ren Shen Soup promotes autophagy in the pancreas tissue of diabetic rats by increasing the level of autophagy protein LC3 and decreasing the level of autophagy protein p62

Objective:To investigate the therapeutic effect of Bai Hu Ren Shen Soup(BHRSS)on type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)rats and explore whether its therapeutic effect is achieved by promoting autophagy in the pancreas tissue of T2DM rats.Methods:Thirty male standard deviation rats were equally divided into normal control group,T2DM group and BHRSS group.Firstly,the therapeutic effect of BHRSS on T2DM was evaluated by biochemical indices in serum and pathological changes in the pancreas tissue of rats in each group after modeling and medication.Then,the levels of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3(LC3)protein and p62 protein in the pancreas tissue of rats in each group after BHRSS intervention were detected by Western blot.Results:BHRSS intervention significantly reduced the levels of blood sugar,liver and kidney function,and other related biochemical indices in the serum of T2DM rats,and effectively improved the pathological changes in the pancreas tissue of T2DM rats.In addition,Western blot results showed that the expression levels of autophagy-related protein LC3 protein in the pancreas tissue of rats were increased,and the expression level of p62 protein was decreased after BHRSS intervention.Conclusion:BHRSS has a clear therapeutic effect on T2DM model rats,which may be related to that increase of autophagy protein LC3 and the decrease of p62 protein level in the pancreas tissue.

Clinical Efficacy and Molecular Mechanism of Nourishing Shen and Supplementing Marrow Principle in Treating β Thalassemia

Objective: To explore the possibility of using traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in treating β thalassemia, its clinical effect and molecular mechanism of the action.Methods: According to the TCM theory of“Shen producing marrow”, the composite recipe, Yisui Shenxueling Granule (YSSXL), consisting of Chinese drugs for nourishing Shen and supplementing marrow (NS&SM) was given orally to 7 8 patients with β thalassemia (49 of the severe type and 29 of moderate type ), 3 times a day, 10 g each time (for children, the dose would be reduced proper ly), with 3 months as one therapeutic course, and no blood transfusion used in t he course. The clinical therapeutic efficacy and hematologic parameters in patie nts were observed, and systemic gene analysis was conducted with PAGE, PCR, PCR SSCP, RT PCR and DNA sequences analysis and mRNA detection, in order to s tudy the molecular mechanism from the relationships between genetic mutation and clinical efficacy, gene expression and its regulation. Results: YSSXL showed obvious therapeutic effect in treating β thalassemia. Gene analysis revealed that it did not change the genetic mutatio n type, but could obviously increase hemoglobin, fetal hemoglobin (HbF), γ/(β+ γ) globin ratio, γ globin mRNA expression and GM CSF mRNA expression in patients, as well as the GM CSFmRMA in marrow of mice after 60 Co radia tion. Conclusion: YSSXL has a remarkable therapeutic effect on β tha lassemia, and its possible mechanism is its action in unlocking γ gene, in creasing the γ globin expression and enhancing HbF synthesis so as to compe nsate for the gene defect. This study has opened a new path for the treatment of β thalassemia with TCM.

1995年浙江渔场秋季鲐Shen鱼渔讯特点分析

本文分析１９９５年秋鲐Ｓｈｅｎ渔特点，气候，海况与经济渔汛的关系，并讨论了鲐Ｓｈｅｎ 鱼的资源状况和利用对策，踞渔场形成的主要指标，提高恢复发展灯围作业的建设。

From religious manual to herbal pharmacopoeia:a textual study of the formation and transformation of Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica

The earliest Ben Cao Jing(Classics of Materia Medica;25 C.E.–220 C.E.)appeared during the reign of the Han Dynasty(202 B.C.E.–220 C.E.);their origins are traceable to the religious group called Fang Xian Dao.In addition to their use as a medical reference,the Ben Cao Jing works were also used for religious purposes.Tao Hongjing(456 C.E.–536 C.E.),a famous doctor and Daoist(one member of the Chinese local religion,Daoism)of the Liang Dynasty(502 C.E.–557 C.E.),compiled the Ben Cao Jing Ji Zhu(Variorum of Classics of Materia Medica;456 C.E.–536 C.E.)based on the Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing(Shennong’s Classic of Materia Medica;25 C.E.–220 C.E.).During the compilation of this book,Tao made a radical medical revision to the Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing,by reducing its religious contents while complementing its medical contents.After such revisions,the ancient Ben Cao Jing was transformed from a religious manual into an herbal pharmacopoeia.

1997年东海北部鲐Shen鱼和虾类资源动态

本文根据１９９７年鲐Ｓｈｅｎ鱼和虾类营养监测资料，分析了东海北部鲐Ｓｈｅｎ鱼和虾类资源动态的特点。１９９７年浙江省鲐Ｓｈｅｎ鱼产量１２．０４万元，虾类产量６２．５万吨，分别比上年增长１６．３％和１７．０％，１９９７年冬春季，沿海气候海况条件良好，水温偏高，沿岸冲淡水势力偏弱，外海高盐水势力强盛，有利于鱼卵，稚鱼和虾类的生长发育，资源发生量增多，是１９９７年渔业生产形势好的主要原因之一。

北美鲳Shen和其他Shen科鱼类的养殖

栖息在西大西洋，墨西哥和加勒比海的３种Ｓｈｅｎ科鲳科鲳Ｓｈｅｎ属鱼类是具有发展前景的水产养殖品种，它们是北美鲳ＳｈｅｎＴ．ｃａｒｏｌｉｎｕｓ，镰鳍鲳ＳｈｅｎＴ．ｆａｌｃａｔｕｓ和氏鲳Ｓｈｅｎ Ｔ．ｇｏｏｄｅｉ。将平均体重７ｇ的稚鱼在１ｍ＾３的网箱中，放养密度为１００－２５０属．ｍ＾－３，投喂蛋白质含量４０％的饲料，经过２７２ｄ的养殖，平均体重达１６０－２１４ｇ，每１ｍ＾３网箱产量为１７．

Changes of Precipitation Infiltration Recharge in the Circumstances of Coal Mining Subsidence in the Shen-Dong Coal Field,China

Coal mining subsidence is a universal environmental-geological problem in mining areas. By selecting the Shen-Dong coal mining subsidence area as the research field, this paper studies the changes in precipitation infiltration recharge in the circumstances of coal mining subsidence by means of field geological investigation and laboratory simulation experiments, which is expected to provide a scientific basis for eco-environmental restoration in the mining area. The results indicate that at the unstable stage of subsidence, three types of subsidence in the Shen-Dong mining area have positive effects on the precipitation infiltration recharge, and the type of full-thickness bedrock subsidence has the greatest influence. In the stable stage of subsidence, the precipitation infiltration process after long- term drought and the moisture migration in the aeration zone undergo three different stages： evaporation-infiltration before precipitation, infiltration-upward infiltration-infiltration during precipitation and evaporation-infiltration after precipitation. During a heavy rainfall infiltration process, the wetting front movement in fine sand, coarse sand and dualistic structure of fine-coarse sand consists of two stages： the stage of wetting front movement during precipitation, in which the wetting front movement distance has linear relationship with the depth, and the stage of wetting front movement after precipitation, in which the wetting front movement distance has the power function relationship with the depth. The wetting front movement velocity is influenced by the rainfall amount and the lithology in the aeration zone. However, as the depth increases, the movement velocity will decay exponentially.

Gan Shen Fu Fang ameliorates liver fibrosis in vitro and in vivo by inhibiting the inflammatory response and extracellular signalregulated kinase phosphorylation

BACKGROUND Liver fibrosis is a common health problem worldwide and there is still a lack of effective medicines.The Chinese herbal medicine,Gan Shen Fu Fang(GSFF)is composed of salvianolic acid B and diammonium glycyrrhizinate.In this study,we observed the effects of GSFF on liver fibrosis in vivo and in vitro in an attempt to provide some hope for the treatment.AIM To observe the effects of GSFF on liver fibrosis in vivo and in vitro and investigate the mechanism from the perspective of the inflammatory response and extracellular signal-regulated kinase(ERK)phosphorylation.METHODS Common bile duct-ligated rats were used for in vivo experiments.Hepatic stellate cells-T6(HSC-T6)cells were used for in vitro experiments.Hematoxylin and eosin staining and Masson staining,biochemical assays,hydroxyproline(Hyp)assays,enzyme-linked immunoasorbent assay and western blotting were performed to evaluate the degree of liver fibrosis,liver function,the inflammatory response and ERK phosphorylation.The CCK8 assay,immunofluorescence and western blotting were applied to test the effect of GSFF on HSC-T6 cell activation and determine whether GSFF had an effect on ERK phosphorylation in HSC-T6 cells.RESULTS GSFF improved liver function and inhibited liver fibrosis in common bile ductligated rats after 3 wk of treatment,as demonstrated by histological changes,hydroxyproline assays and collagen I concentrations.GSFF alleviated inflammatory cell infiltration and reduced the synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines[tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and interlukin-1β]and NF-κB.In addition,GSFF decreased ERK phosphorylation.In vitro,GSFF inhibited the viability of HSC-T6 cells with and without transforming growth factorβ1(TGF-β1)stimulation and decreased the synthesis of collagen I.GSFF had the greatest effect at a concentration of 0.5μmol/L.GSFF inhibited the expression ofα-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA),a marker of HSC activation,in HSC-T6 cells.Consistent with the in vivo results,GSFF also inhibited the phosphorylation of ERK and downregulated the expression of NF-κB.CONCLUSION GSFF inhibited liver fibrosis progression in vivo and HSC-T6 cell activation in vitro.These effects may be related to an alleviated inflammatory response and downregulated ERK phosphorylation.

Effect and Underlying Mechanism of Bu-Shen-An-Tai Recipe on Ovarian Apoptosis in Mice with Controlled Ovarian Hyperstimulation Implantation Dysfunction

The effect and underlying mechanism of Bu-Shen-An-Tai recipe on ovarian apoptosis in mice with controlled ovarian hyperstimulation(COH) implantation dysfunction were studied. The COH implantation dysfunction model in mice was established by intraperitoneal injection of 7.5 IU pregnant mare’s serum gonadotrophin(PMSG), followed by 7.5 IU human chorionic gonadotrophin(HCG) 48 h later. Then the female mice were mated with male at a ratio of 2:1 in the same cage at 6:00 p.m. The female mice from normal group were injected intraperitoneally with normal saline and mated at the corresponding time. Day 1 of pregnancy was recorded by examining its vaginal smears at 8:00 a.m. of the next day. Fifty successfully pregnant mice were equally randomly divided into 5 groups: normal control pregnant group(NC), COH implantation dysfunction model group(COH), low dosage of Bu-Shen-An-Tai recipe group(LOW), middle dosage of Bu-Shen-An-Tai recipe group(MID) and high dosage of Bu-Shen-An-Tai recipe group(HIGH). Then from day 1, the mice in different groups were respectively intragastrically given corresponding treatments at 9:00 a.m. for 5 consecutive days. The concentrations of 17β-estradiol(E) and progesterone(P) were determined by radioimmunoassay(RIA). The ultrastructural changes of ovarian tissues were observed by transmission electron microscope(TEM). The histopathological changes of ovarian tissues were observed by HE staining. The number of atretic follicles and pregnant corpus luteum were also recorded. TUNEL was applied to measure apoptotic cells of ovarian tissues. Western blotting was used to detect the protein expression of apoptosis-related factors like Bax, Bcl-2 and cleaved-caspase-3 in ovarian tissue of mice. The results showed that ovarian weight, the concentrations of Eand P, the number of atretic follicles and pregnant corpus luteum, as well as the apoptosis of granulosa cells were significantly increased in the COH group. The ultrastructures of ovarian tissues in the COH group showed that chromatin in granulosa cells was increased, agglutinated, aggregated or crescent-shaped. The focal cavitation and the typical apoptotic bodies could be seen in granulosa cells in the late stage of apoptosis. After the treatment with different doses of Bu-Shen-An-Tai recipe, the ultrastructural changes of ovarian granulosa cells apoptosis were dramatically improved and even disappeared under TEM. Visible mitochondria and mitochondrial cristae were increased and vacuoles were significantly reduced. The lipid dropltes were shown in a circluar or oval shape. The protein expression levels of Bax and cleaved-caspase-3 were decreased, and the expression of Bcl-2 protein was increased after treatment. It was concluded that Bu-Shen-An-Tai recipe can inhibit the apoptosis of ovarian granulosa cells, probably by up-regulating the protein expression of Bcl-2 and down-regulating Bax and cleaved-caspase-3, which contributes to the formation and maintenance of ovarian corpus luteum. It’s helpful to promote the embryonic implantation, to reduce embryo loss and ultimately to improve the success rate of pregnancy.

金介甫传记艺术的时间维度透视——以英文原作The Odyssey of Shen Congwen为考察中心

金介甫在学界有"国外沈从文研究第一人"的美称,其中一个重要原因就是其英文著作《沈从文传》的成功和影响力。《沈从文传》是一部既给人史实感,又具备可读性的文学大师的传记。金介甫在该部传记中,巧妙地运用了对叙事时间的调控艺术从而保障了整个作品的真实性和文学性。金介甫的叙事时间调控艺术主要体现在三个方面:首先,在交代传主的生平故事时采用自然叙事时间和时间凸显的手法;其次,为凸显沈从文的文学成就和彰显沈从文作品的艺术价值,采用了转换时距的办法;最后,为了突出沈从文地方作家文学大师的形象,采用叙事频率变更的手法,从而确保对传主生平事实的合理选取。

Clinical Study on Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease from the Vie wpoint of Xin and Shen

Objective: To explore the therapeutic mechanism of Tiaoxin Recipe and Bushen Recipe (BSR, ) in treating Alzheimer’s d isease (AD). Methods: Sixty patients with AD were divided into 3 groups according to their MMSE and ADL scores before treatment, using randomized block design. They were treated separately with TXR, BSR and Donepezil (Dp) for 12 weeks. The changes of MMSE score, ADL score, neuro-psychology amount table score, including FOM, RVR, DS and BD, as well as the overall operational evaluation before and after treatment were analyzed. Results: The recognition and daily life capacity of patients in the 3 groups were improved after treatment. MMSE score in the TXR group increased from 16.10±1.94 scores before treatment to 17 90±2 59 scores after treatment, in the BSR group, from 16 15±2 16 to 17 50±2 59, and in the Dp group, from 17 35±1 90 to 19 60±3 39, all showed significant difference (all P<0 01). Change of ADL score showed that in the TXR group, it lowere d from 43 10±3 86 to 41 50±4 40, in the BSR group from 43 30±4 53 to 41 60±4 12 and in the Dp group, from 42 95±3 58 to 40 60±5 23, which also showed significan t difference (P<0 05 or P<0 01). Moreover, increase of FOM, RVR and DS score was shown in the TXR and the Dp group, and increase of RVR and BD score was shown in the BSR group, with significant difference in compar ison of corresponding score before and after treatment, inter-groups comparison showed significant difference of FOM score between the BSR and the Dp group ( P<0 01). Overall operational evaluation (total effective rate) in the TXR group was 70%, in the BSR group 65% and in Dp group 75%, with no significant difference among them. Conclusion: TXR and BSR are effective TCM drugs in treating AD

High Density Lipoprotein Phospholipids as a Marker of Coronary Heart Disease of Shen-Yang Deficiency Syndrome

Objective: To seek a new biochemical index for diagnosis of coronary heart disease (CHD) of shen-Yang deficiency syndrom (CHD-SYD). Methods: Sixty-one patients with CHD were divided into 3 groups according to their TCM Syndrome type, 10 patients in the group without Xin-Qi deficiency (Group A), 25 in the group with Xin-Qi deficiency but without Shen-Yang deficiency (Group B) and 26 in the group both with Xin-Qi deficiency and Shen-Yang deficiency (Group C). Levels of 17-hydroxy-corticoste-roid in urine (urinary 17-OHCS) per 24 hrs, and serum level of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and high density lipoprotein phospholipid (HDL-PL) in them were determined in synchrostep and compared with those in the control group of 23 healthy aged persons, urinary 17-OHCS per 24 hrs was taken as the diagnostic standard to screen a new index for diagnosis of Shen-Yang deficiency Syndrome, and preliminary appraisal to the index was made. Results: Serum HDL-PL in the CHD-SYD patients( Group C) was 616+157 mg/L, which was obviously lower than that in the patients of Group A and B. With low HDL-PL(<650 mg/L) used as the index to diagnose CHD-SYD, the sensitivity was 73%, the specificity 86% and the accuracy 80%. Conclusion: HDL-PL <650 mg/L could be adopted as an index for CHD-SYD diagnosis, which is simple and practical.

EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL STUDIES OF “SHEN YAN LING” IN TREATMENT OF CHRONIC GLOMERULONEPHRITIS

“Shen Yan Ling”(SYL 肾炎灵) is a compoundherbal preparation consisting of 16 ingredients:HerbaEcliptae,Radix Rhemanniae,Rhizoma Cibotii,RadixAngelica Sinensis,Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong,Radix Paeoniac Rubra,Rhizoma Diosocoreae,Poria,Radix Sanguisorbae,Radix Rubiae,Herba Portulacae,Fructus Gardeniae,Herba Cirsii Japonici,HerbaCephalanoploris.etc.In animal experiments,SYLwas shown to have therapeutic effect for Masugi’snephritis models.It has also been used with satis-factory results in the treatment of 314 cases of chronicglomerulonephritis of the common type with manifes-tations of Yin deficiency and endogenous heat.

Experimental Study on Observation of Hemorheologic Parameters of Hydrocortisone Caused Shen-Yang Deficiency in Rat Models

Objective:To explore the relationship between Shen deficiency and blood stasis. Methods: Using consecutive intramuscular injection of hydrocortisone to build Shen-yang deficiency model rats, and detect their hemorheological and biochemical parameters. Results: Comparison between the model group and control group showed that the in vitro thrombus significantly lengthened in the model group (P<0.05), the dry weight increased (P<0.01), hematocrit and whole blood viscosity under high sheared change lowered (P<0.05), blood glucose elevated (P<0.01), and RBC infiltration index, aggregation index increased (P close to 0.05). Conclusion: Under the condition of Shen-yang deficiency, although blood does not show such properties of blood stasis as being 'viscous, concentrated, coagulated and aggregated', partial change of hemorheology occurs, and it is liable to form thrombus, which proves that the Shen deficiency status is accompanied with the tendency of blood stasis.

Demonstration of a Shock-Timing Experiment in a CH Layer at the Shen Guang Ⅲ Laser Facility

Shock-timing experiments are indispensable to inertial confinement fusion mainly because the timing of multiple shock waves is crucial to understanding the processes of laser irradiation of targets. Investigations into shock waves driven by a two-step radiation pulse in polystyrene（CH） capsule targets are experimentally conducted at the Shen Guang Ⅱ laser facility. Differing from the traditional shock-timing implementation in which one shock wave could catch up with another one in solid CH, in this experiment, the second shock front in a rarefaction CH layer is observed through velocity interferometry. This second shock could also be made to converge with rarefaction waves within only a few micrometers of the CH capsule by designing the two-shock coalescence time. A shock-timing diagnostic technique to tune the multi-shock convergence in the CH capsule can thereby be achieved.The experimental results in the CH layer are quasi-quantitatively interpreted using streamlines simulated with the Multi-1 D program. The experimental results are expected to offer important information for target structure and laser pulse design, both of which are important for realizing inertial confinement fusion.