Pattern Dynamics of Thermal-environment Effect During Urbanization:A Case Study in Shenzhen City,China

The thermal-environment effect exists in the field of rapid urbanization. It has adverse effects on the urban atmosphere, re- gional climate, energy consumption, and public health. Shenzhen, a representative of rapidly urbanizing cities in China, was selected as a case for pattern dynamics analysis of the thermal environment. The surface temperature was acquired from the thermal infrared data of Landsat TM and ETM＋ images in 1986, 1995, and 2005 by Jim6nez-Mufioz and Sobrino＇s generalized single-channel method, which was used in assessing the distribution and spatial patterns of the thermal environment. The relative thermal environment curve （RTC） was combined with Moran＇s I analysis to assess the pattern dynamics of the thermal environment in different urbanization periods. Moran＇s I index and the RTC represent a process of aggregation-fragmentation-aggregation, which shows the aggregation pattern of a decrease during the rapid urbanization period and then an increase during the steady urbanization period. High-temperature areas gradually ex- panded to a uniform and scattered distribution in the rapid urbanization period; while the high thermal-environment effect was gradually transformed into a steady spatial pattern in the stable urbanization period. To characterize the increasing development in this multiple- center city, we chose profiles along an urban-development axis. The results suggest that heat islands have expanded from internal urban to external urban areas. Four profiles were obtained showing differences in shape due to spatial differences in the process of development.

Integrating morphological spatial pattern analysis and the minimal cumulative resistance model to optimize urban ecological networks: a case study in Shenzhen City, China

Background:With the increasing fragmentation of landscape induced by rapid urbanization,the construction of ecological networks is of great signifcance to alleviate the degradation of urban habitats and protect natural envi‑ronments.However,there is considerable uncertainty when constructing ecological networks,especially the difer‑ent approaches to selecting ecological sources.We used the southern Chinese city of Shenzhen as a study area to construct and optimize ecological networks using a coupling approach.Ecological source areas were extracted using morphological spatial pattern analysis(MSPA)and the landscape index method.Ecological networks were con‑structed using the minimal cumulative resistance(MCR)model and the gravity model.Stepping stones and ecological fault points were added in corridors to optimize the ecological network.Results:Ten core areas with maximum importance patch values were extracted by the landscape index method as ecological source areas according to MSPA,after which corridors between ecological sources were constructed based on the MCR model.The constructed ecological networks were optimized using 35 stepping stones and 17 ecologi‑cal fault points.The optimized ecological networks included 11 important corridors,34 general corridors,and seven potential corridors.The results of corridor landscape-type analysis showed that a suitable ecological corridor is 60 to 200 m wide.Conclusions:Overall,our results imply that ecological source areas can be identifed virtually,and that ecological networks can be signifcantly optimized by combining MSPA and MCR models.These results provide a methodologi‑cal reference for constructing ecological networks,and they will be useful for urban planning and biodiversity protec‑tion in Shenzhen and other similar regions around the world.

Pre‑rainy Season Rainstorms in South China—Risk Perception of the 11 April 2019 Rainstorm in Shenzhen City

With the acceleration of urbanization in South China, rainstorms and floods are threatening the safety of people in urban areas. The 11 April 2019(4·11 hereafter)rainstorm in Shenzhen City was a typical pre-rainy season rainstorm that caused great damage, yet such pre-rainy season events have not attracted sufficient attention in research.Risk perception of the public may indirectly affect their disaster preparedness, which is important for disaster management. In this study, we conducted a questionnaire survey that considered demographic factors and the level of risk perception, knowledge of risk, impact of the 4·11 rainstorm event on public risk perception, and degree of trust in the government. We used a two-factor model of risk perception to evaluate the factors that influenced public risk perception of the 4·11 rainstorm in Shenzhen. The main conclusions are: The 4·11 rainstorm improved public awareness of both risk and impact through the medium term, but the public’s perceived low probability of disaster occurrence and lack of knowledge of the pre-rainy season rainstorm phenomenon led to serious losses during this event. Although the public has high trust in the Shenzhen government, the management of rainstorm disasters in the pre-rainy season needs to be further improved.

Public Participation in Water Environment Control：the Status and Experience of Shenzhen, Southern China

Public participation is an important part of watershed water environment management. Via public participation, it could enhance public environmental awareness, mobilize multiple forces to reconcile the conflicts among multiple interest groups, supervise corporate environmental be-havior, and overcome the shortcomings of government unilateral decision-making. In this paper, the status quo of public participating in water envi-ronment control is summarized, and the existing problems of public participating in water environment control are analyzed. From the aspects of per-fecting legal system, perfecting water environment information disclosure system, expanding information communication channels, correctly guiding the development of environmental social organization, playing the supervision role of the people＇s congress and political consultative committee, and enriching the forms of publicity and education, the countermeasures and suggestions of public participating in water environment control are proposed, to perfect public participation mechanism, and scientifically and orderly impel comprehensive treatment of water environment.

Measurement and Characteristics of Employment Centers in Shenzhen:A Study Using Enterprise Survey Data in 2017

In the formation process of megacities,urban population is constantly gathering from other cities to large and medium-sized cities,and from the periphery of the city to the center of the city,inducing traffic congestion,overload of main center,reduction of space efficiency,and other major urban diseases.Multi-center urban spatial structure is an effective way to solve the above negative externalities.It is helpful to evaluate the efficiency of the existing industrial distribution structure in the cities and make a reasonable estimate of the future enterprise growth by clarifying the interactive relationship between the development process of a city and the change of the employment center.Based on survey data of Shenzhen "Four Up-scale Enterprises" in 2017,threshold method is used to identify the existing employment centers of Shenzhen,and describe the characteristics of each employment center.Combining calculation of industry location entropy,below conclusions are obtained:①the double main centers (Futian-Luohu center and Nanshan center) in Shenzhen are obvious,and the weak multi-center has initially formed;②the development of the industry is relatively balanced in Futian-Luohu center,and Nanshan center has absolute advantage in information technology industry;③the employment centers outside the original special economic zone are mainly manufacturing industries,showing a highly specialized trend of industries,and cultivation of service industries is insufficient.

Research on Recreational Intention and Experience in Tourism-Take Nantou Ancient City as an Example

In recent years,under the guidance of the national“all-for-one tourism”and“integration of culture and tourism”development policies,humanistic leisure tourism has become the current hot spot in the development of Chinese tourism industry.In 2013,China promulgated the National Tourism and Leisure Outline(2013-2020),which boosted the development of tourism and leisure consumption of urban and rural residents.In 2016,the State Council issued the“Several Opinions on Further Promoting the Construction of New Urbanization”,which clearly stated that it is necessary to“accelerate the cultivation of characteristic small towns”.The construction of small towns(blocks)led by the integration of culture and tourism has gradually become a new driving force for local economic development.In 2020,the global outbreak of the COVID-19 and normalized prevention and control measures have made the choice of tourism and leisure destinations more localized and short-distance.Characteristic leisure blocks and small towns have increasingly become important destinations for people to travel and leisure activities.Therefore,this article takes Shenzhen Nantou Ancient City as the research area,and uses literature review,questionnaire survey,and statistical survey methods(SPSS.25 and PLS.3.0)to obtain relevant literature and data and describe them.Statistical analysis and confirmatory factor analysis are designed to examine the relationship between the cultural authenticity of leisure blocks,product combination,accessibility,the sense of place identification,recreational intentions,and experience quality,diagnose and discover tourism from them,discover the problems existing on the supply side of tourism object,and provide guidance and suggestions for the construction and development of cultural tourism and leisure characteristic blocks.Finally,this paper tests 10 hypotheses and draws research conclusions:(1)Cultural authenticity has positive impact on recreational intention,place identification,and experience quality in humanistic leisure tourism.(2)Tourism product combination has positive impact on recreational intention and experience quality.(3)Accessibility can affect recreational intention and experience quality in a positive way.(4)Place identification can affect recreational intention in a positive way.(5)Experience quality has positive impact on recreational intention and place identification.

Structural Progressive Mode of Urban Renewal and Public Participation in Shenzhen International Low Carbon City

By means of a structural progressive mode of urban renewal, which operates through small and medium-scale projects on the basis of public participation, the Shenzhen International Low Carbon City has provided propagable and replicable experience for urban planning and construction in urban marginal areas. This article fi rstly introduces the improvement measures for willingness and capabilities of public participation in the process of structural progressive renewal in the Shenzhen International Low Carbon City, and expounds the construction methods of participation approach, feedback mechanism, and interest balance, followed by an introduction of the rolling development strategy, micro municipal construction strategy and spatial-industrial-ecological integrated development strategy and practice experience, hoping to serve as a reference for the planning and construction of other cities in China.