Drug-coated balloons for the treatment of ostial left anterior descending or ostial left circumflex artery lesions:a patientlevel propensity score-matched analysis

BACKGROUND Controversy exists as to the optimal treatment approach for ostial left anterior descending(LAD)or ostial left circumflex artery(LCx)lesions.Drug-coated balloons(DCB)may overcome some of the limitations of drug-eluting stents(DES).Therefore,we investigated the security and feasibility of the DCB policy in patients with ostial LAD or ostial LCx lesions,and compared it with the conventional DES-only strategy.METHODS We retrospectively enrolled patients with de novo ostial lesions in the LAD or LCx who underwent interventional treatment.They were categorized into two groups based on their treatment approach:the DCB group and the DES group.The treatment strategies in the DCB group involved the use of either DCB-only or hybrid strategies,whereas the DES group utilized crossover or precise stenting techniques.Two-year target lesion revascularization was the primary endpoint,while the rates of major adverse cardiovascular events,cardiac death,target vessel myocardial infarction,and vessel thrombosis were the secondary endpoints.Using propensity score matching,we assembled a cohort with comparable baseline characteristics.To ensure result analysis reliability,we conducted sensitivity analyses,including interaction,and stratified analyses.RESULTS Among the 397 eligible patients,6.25%of patients who were planned to undergo DCB underwent DES.A total of 108 patients in each group had comparable propensity scores and were included in the analysis.Two-year target lesion revascularization occurred in 5 patients(4.90%)and 16 patients(16.33%)in the DCB group and the DES group,respectively(odds ratio=0.264,95%CI:0.093–0.752,P=0.008).Compared with the DES group,the DCB group demonstrated a lower major adverse cardiovascular events rate(7.84%vs.19.39%,P=0.017).However,differences with regard to cardiac death,non-periprocedural target vessel myocardial infarction,and definite or probable vessel thrombosis between the groups were non-significant.CONCLUSIONS The utilization of the DCB approach signifies an innovative and discretionary strategy for managing isolated ostial lesions in the LAD or LCx.Nevertheless,a future randomized trial investigating the feasibility and safety of DCB compared to the DES-only strategy specifically for de novo ostial lesions in the LAD or LCx is highly warranted.

Effect of Application of One-Time Method and Multiple Root Canals on Cryptic Fracture with Endodontic Lesions and VAS Score

Objective:To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of primary method root canal treatment(ORCT)and multiple root canal treatment(MRCT)for dental cryptocleidosis with endodontic lesions.Methods:88 patients with fissured teeth with endodontic lesions who were admitted to the hospital between November 2021 and November 2023 were selected,and after randomized numerical table grouping,44 cases in the experimental group were included in the ORCT treatment,and 44 cases in the reference group were included in the MRCT treatment,and the total effective rate,root canal filling rate,visual analog scale(VAS)score,periodontal indexes,and the complication rate were compared.Results:The total effective rate and root canal filling rate of the experimental group were higher than that of the reference group;after treatment,the VAS score of the experimental group was lower than that of the reference group,and the periodontal indexes were lower than that of the reference group;and the complication rate of the experimental group was lower than that of the reference group(P<0.05).Conclusion:ORCT can improve the overall efficacy of patients with fissured teeth with endodontic lesions,ensure the filling rate of root canals,significantly reduce pain symptoms,improve a number of periodontal indicators,have high endodontic safety,and have more therapeutic advantages than MRCT.

Endoscopic treatment and follow-up of gastrointestinal Dieulafoy's lesions

AIM: To investigate retrospectively the clinical and endoscopic features of bleeding Dieulafoy's lesions and to assess the short- and long-term effectiveness of endoscopic treatment.METHODS: Twenty-three patients who had gastrointestinal bleeding from Dieulafoy's lesions underwent endoscopic therapy. Demographic data, mode of presentation, riskfactors for gastrointestinal bleeding, blood transfusion requirements, endoscopic findings, details of endoscopic therapy, recurrence of bleeding, and mortality rates were collected and analyzed retrospectively.RESULTS: Hemostasis was attempted by dextrose 50% plus epinephrine in 10 patients, hemoclipping in 8 patients,heater probe in 2 patients and ethanolamine oleate in 2 patients. Comorbid conditions were present in 17 patients (74%). Overall permanent hemostasis was achieved in 18 patients (78%). Initial hemostasis was successful with no recurrent bleeding in patients treated with hemoclipping, heater probe or ethanolamine injection. In the group of patients who received dextrose 50% plus epinephrine injection treatment, four (40%) had recurrent bleeding and one (10%) had unsuccessful initial hemostasis.Of the four patients who had rebleeding, three had unsuccessful hemostasis with similar treatment. Surgical treatment was required in five patients (22%) owing to uncontrolled bleeding, recurrent bleeding with unsuccessful retreatment and inability to approach the lesion. One patient (4.3%) died of sepsis after operation during hospitalization. There were no side-effects related to endoscopic therapy. None of the patients in whom permanent hemostasis was achieved presented with rebleeding from Dieulafoy's lesion over a mean long-term follow-up of 29.8 mo.CONCLUSION: Bleeding from Dieulafoy's lesions can be managed successfully by endoscopic methods, which should be regarded as the first choice. Endoscopic hemoclipping therapy is recommended for bleeding Dieulafoy's lesions.

Resection of bilateral occipital lobe lesions during a single operation as a treatment for bilateral occipital lobe epilepsy

BACKGROUND Neurosurgical treatment of severe bilateral occipital lobe epilepsy usually involves two operations several mos apart.AIM To evaluate surgical resection of bilateral occipital lobe lesions during a single operation as a treatment for bilateral occipital lobe epilepsy.METHODS This retrospective case series included patients with drug-refractory bilateral occipital lobe epilepsy treated surgically between March 2006 and November 2015.RESULTS Preoperative evaluation included scalp video-electroencephalography(EEG),magnetic resonance imaging,and PET-CT.During surgery(bilateral occipital craniotomy),epileptic foci and important functional areas were identified by EEG(intracranial cortical electrodes)and cortical functional mapping,respectively.Patients were followed up for at least 5 years to evaluate treatment outcome(Engel grade)and visual function.The 20 patients(12 males)were aged 4-30 years(median age,12 years).Time since onset was 3-20 years(median,8 years),and episode frequency was 4-270/mo(median,15/mo).Common manifestations were elementary visual hallucinations(65.0%),flashing lights(30.0%),blurred vision(20.0%)and visual field defects(20.0%).Most patients were free of disabling seizures(Engel grade I)postoperatively(18/20,90.0%)and at 1 year(18/20,90.0%),3 years(17/20,85.0%)and≥5 years(17/20,85.0%).No patients were classified Engel grade IV(no worthwhile improvement).After surgery,there was no change in visual function in 13/20(65.0%),development of a new visual field defect in 3/20(15.0%),and worsening of a preexisting defect in 4/20(20.0%).CONCLUSION Resection of bilateral occipital lobe lesions during a single operation may be applicable in bilateral occipital lobe epilepsy.

DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF POLYPOID LESIONS OF THE GALLBLADDER

This article reports 56 pathologically confirmed cases of polypoid lesions of the gallbladder (PLG) that were operated on in our hospital from 1984 to 1995. The patients' ages ranged from 10 to 70 and the mean age was 43. 5, 83.9% were 30～49 years old. Gallstone could be round in 24cases. There were 36 cases of pseudotumor in this group (64.2% ), 20 of true tumor(35. 8% ) and 1of carcinopolypus. The diagnosis rate was elevated with the use or BUS. The patients with complicated gallstone and polyp in the neck of gallbladder should be operated early while asymptom patients could be followed and operated on at sultable stage.

慢性萎缩性胃炎的中医辨治思路与对策

慢性萎缩性胃炎(CAG)是临床上公认的胃癌前疾病,中医药治疗CAG具有明显的优势及鲜明的特色。从CAG病因病机等方面的研究入手,对中医药治疗CAG提出治本独取阳明,补虚泻实,顾护脾胃,升降气机,调气和血,祛瘀通络,祛邪解毒,甘平凉润,和胃护络的辨治思路与对策,以期进一步提高中医药治疗CAG的临床疗效。

基于癌毒理论探讨胃癌前病变的辨治思路

胃癌前病变是一类具有明显癌变危险的胃部慢性疾病,早期干预胃癌前病变,是胃癌二级预防的重要手段。吴勉华教授基于脾胃功能特点和癌毒理论,认为情志不畅是胃癌前病变的诱发因素,脾胃虚弱是基本病机,痰瘀互结是关键病机,癌毒蓄积是病理特征;辨证以辨病位、辨病理因素、辨病性为要点;治疗以疏肝利胆为先,运脾和胃为本,化痰祛瘀为治疗核心,抗癌解毒贯穿始终;注重病机的兼夹转化;遣方用药以理气不伤阴、滋阴不碍脾、化瘀不伤正、补益不助邪为主要原则,从而发挥中医药优势与特色,为胃癌前病变的临床诊治提供思路与借鉴。

内镜治疗肝硬化患者上消化道早癌的风险及处理策略

肝硬化患者患上消化道肿瘤风险增加,尤其是酒精性肝硬化患者.随着内镜检查的推广及普及,越来越多的上消化道早癌得以早期发现及治疗.内镜治疗已成为上消化道早癌的首选治疗方式,肝硬化患者由于可能存在血小板减少、凝血功能障碍、合并食管胃静脉曲张等情况,内镜治疗过程中出血、感染等风险较大.近年来国内外已有部分研究探讨内镜治疗肝硬化伴上消化道早癌的安全性及有效性.本文总结了近年来发表的内镜治疗肝硬化伴上消化道早癌的研究结果,简要综述其风险及防治策略,为临床提供指导.

抗结核固定剂量复合剂对初治活动性肺结核患者病灶吸收效果的影响

目的探讨抗结核固定剂量复合剂对初治活动性肺结核患者病灶吸收效果的影响。方法便利选取2021年2月—2023年1月福州结核病防治院收治的初治活动性肺结核患者64例为研究对象,按照随机数表法分为两组。对照组(32例)给予常规抗结核药物治疗,观察组(32例)实施抗结核固定剂量复合剂治疗。对比两组治疗总有效率、痰菌阴转率、病灶吸收情况、不良反应。结果观察组总有效率为93.75%,高于对照组的75.00%,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.267,P<0.05)。观察组第2、5、6个月的痰菌阴转率均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。治疗第2、6个月,两组患者病灶吸收情况相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组不良反应发生率相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论在初治活动性肺结核患者中应用抗结核固定剂量复合剂治疗效果显著,能够增强病灶吸收率,提高痰菌阴转率。

1例免疫检查点抑制剂相关皮疹伴大面积皮肤损伤合并消化道出血病人的护理

总结1例免疫检查点抑制剂治疗相关皮疹伴大面积皮肤损伤合并消化道出血病人的护理过程。护理要点:制定以多学科团队协作为基础的综合护理策略,包括出血与再出血的风险管理、积极处理皮肤损伤部位、加速剥脱皮肤修复、感染的综合预警护理、序贯式营养支持护理、及时评估并促进病人心理康复。治疗28 d后病人病情相对稳定,好转出院。

基于“扶正祛邪”探讨胃癌前病变的病机及防治思路

胃癌前病变(Precancerous Lesions of Gastric Cancer, PLGC)是指包括慢性萎缩性胃炎、肠上皮化生和异型增生的一种胃黏膜病理变化,是胃癌发生的重要阶段和炎-癌转化的“黄金转折点”。因此,及时、有效地截断或逆转PLGC对降低胃癌的发生率具有重要意义。扶正祛邪是中医治疗疾病的总纲和基本指导原则,即扶助衰弱之正气,祛逐强盛之邪气,以使正盛邪弱、正胜于邪、疾病向愈。PLGC归于中医的“胃痛”“痞满”等范畴,证候特征为“本虚标实、虚实夹杂”,其发生发展之根本为正衰与邪盛长期作用的结果,正衰(脾胃虚弱)为致病之本,贯穿疾病始终,是感邪和虚实夹杂的基础,反复感邪,出现不同的邪实(滞、痰、瘀、湿、热、毒等)为致病之标,为病理基础,多种邪实互为因果,致使疾病冗杂多变。邪盛与正衰共存于本病不同阶段,治疗应采用扶正祛邪原则,即“健脾益气、养阴益胃、温中散寒”以扶正与“理气、祛湿、除痰、化瘀、解毒”驱邪等治则,根据病机组合,动态施治。大量研究证实,中医中药在改善胃黏膜萎缩、逆转肠上皮化生和异型增生,显著改善临床症状及提高患者生存质量上具有一定优势和特色。文章基于“扶正祛邪”理论,从本质上探讨PLGC的病机及治疗思路,以更好的指导中医临床辨证施治。

基于“脾肾”脏腑理论探讨缺血性脑白质病变的病机及中医药治疗

近年缺血性脑白质病变的发病率逐年上升,该病早期症状隐匿且不典型,严重影响老年人群的生命及生活质量。目前西医的治疗手段主要是针对缺血性脑白质病变的基础病进行对症治疗,治疗较为局限且疗效欠佳,而中医在预防和改善缺血性脑白质病变临床症状方面有着独特的优势。基于脏腑理论,遵循“未病先防,既病防变”原则,结合临床经验,从脾肾两脏论治缺血性脑白质病变。通过调理脾肾,调和阴阳,达到治疗缺血性脑白质病变的目的。

中医药治疗胃癌前病变研究进展

胃癌前病变是临床常见且需及时干预的一类疾病,其病因复杂,病机多样,治疗标准不一,若未经干预易发生进展,甚至发生癌变,威胁生命。中医药治疗胃癌前病变独具特色且收效颇丰,无论是中药内服、针灸外治,还是中医特色疗法以及民族医药疗法均对胃癌前病变的治疗具有明显优势。综述近10年来中医药治疗胃癌前病变的相关研究文献,为其临床治疗提供思路和参考。

中医治未病思想应用于胃癌防治的研究进展

胃癌是临床常见的恶性肿瘤之一,具有发病率高,病死率高的特点,严重危害人类生命健康。虽然针对胃癌的治疗手段不断进步,但其防治工作仍是棘手的问题。治未病思想最早见于《黄帝内经》,延至今日对临床仍具有重要指导意义。因此根据中医治未病思想,对中医药应用于胃癌防治的现状进行归纳总结,结果表明中医药在预防胃癌发生、防治胃癌治疗引起的并发症、控制疾病进展、维持带瘤生存状态、预防胃癌复发转移等方面已取得良好成果。

内窥镜辅助刮治颌骨囊性病变专家共识

刮治术是颌骨囊性病变的主要治疗手段,但单纯的刮治术容易损伤周围结构如邻牙、神经等,且存在刮治不彻底、颌骨缺损较大等情况。而内窥镜(Endoscope)辅助下的刮治术,能够为术者提供良好的手术视野,在术中能更清晰的辨认出重要的解剖结构,尽可能去除囊壁组织,减小损伤,降低病变复发率。该文就结合颌面外科的特点及临床治疗经验,总结国内外相关文献,经相关专家经共同讨论,以期对内窥镜辅助下刮治颌骨囊性病变的临床治疗提供参考。

儿童神经纤维瘤病1型颅内肿瘤性病变的治疗进展

神经纤维瘤病1型(neurofibromatosis 1,NF1)好发于儿童,是神经系统最常见的常染色体显性遗传病之一,是基因缺陷使神经嵴细胞发育异常导致的多系统损害。NF1的外显率几乎是100%,主要临床特征为皮肤牛奶咖啡斑和周围神经多发神经纤维瘤。NF1在颅内能引起肿瘤性病变,后者按照病理学依据可分为低级别肿瘤、高级别肿瘤和类似肿瘤病变。合并NF1的颅内肿瘤多为低级别肿瘤,视路胶质瘤最为多见,其次是脑干胶质瘤,其余部位和类型的肿瘤也有所发生;高级别肿瘤并不常见。而类似肿瘤病变即不明明亮物体虽不是肿瘤,但却是NF1儿童最常见的具有部分肿瘤性质的颅内异常病变。这些肿瘤性病变可通过观察、手术、化学治疗、放射治疗、靶向治疗等方式处理,不同病变的最佳处理方式不同,其预后也有所不同。目前针对儿童NF1颅内肿瘤性病变的治疗方式还有所争议。该文就此种病变的特点和治疗进展进行阐述,旨在提高大众对NF1肿瘤性病变的认知水平,提供针对性的诊疗方案,推进NF1患者完善神经外科治疗。

根除幽门螺杆菌对胃黏膜癌前状态和癌前病变影响及机制的研究进展

胃癌居全球肿瘤死因第三位,总生存率低,治疗预后差。幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori,H.pylori)是胃癌发生的主要原因之一,世界上一半人口感染H.pylori。H.pylori感染也是胃癌前病变(precancerous lesions of gastric cancer,PLGC)发生的重要原因,PLGC与胃癌发生密切相关,在病变早期阶段,延缓或逆转PLGC则成为治疗和预防胃癌的关键。本文综述了PLGC的进展过程中根除H.pylori的重要性及有效性,旨在为临床治疗提供更多参考。

传统单孔腹腔镜与机器人辅助单孔腹腔镜手术治疗儿童及青少年卵巢良性病变的疗效比较

目的初步比较第四代达芬奇机器人辅助单孔腹腔镜手术与传统单孔腹腔镜手术治疗儿童及青少年卵巢良性病变的临床效果。方法回顾性分析2018年1月至2023年3月在武汉大学中南医院行第四代达芬奇机器人辅助单孔腹腔镜手术和传统单孔腹腔镜手术的儿童及青少年卵巢良性病变患者临床资料,采取第四代达芬奇机器人辅助单孔腹腔镜手术(robot-assisted laparoscopic single port surgery,R-LESS)13例(R-LESS组),采取传统单孔腹腔镜手术(laparoscopic single port surgery,LESS)22例(LESS组)。统计两组患儿手术时间、术中出血量、卵巢扭转情况、卵巢肿瘤体积、术中有无卵巢肿瘤破裂、是否放置引流管、术后并发症发生率、住院时间、住院费用以及随访情况。结果R-LESS组与LESS组手术时间[161.38(103.00,201.00)min比136.31(100.50,171.50)min]、术中出血量[21.15(10.00,32.50)mL比45.23(10.00,50.00)mL]、卵巢扭转发生率(15%比32%)、术中卵巢肿瘤破裂发生率(23%比36%)、引流管放置率(23%比23%)、术后并发症发生率(8%比6%)以及随访时间[20.70(11.00,29.50)个月比28.09(9.25,46.25)个月]比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);R-LESS组较LESS组术后住院时间减少[4.23(3.00,5.00)d比5.05(3.75,6.25)d],住院费用增多[(40557.01±4036.29)元比(26456.32±6413.30)元],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论R-LESS手术治疗儿童及青少年卵巢良性病变安全可行。与LESS手术相比,R-LESS术后患儿恢复更快,但住院费用较高。R-LESS手术可作为治疗儿童及青少年卵巢良性病变的一种选择,未来仍需进行大样本对比研究以进一步验证。

青少年正畸固定矫治中釉质健康与脱矿状态下龈上菌斑真菌微生物组的比较研究

目的牙釉质脱矿是固定矫治常见的并发症。本研究比较了固定矫治中釉质脱矿与健康状态下龈上菌斑真菌组的差异,探索口腔真菌与正畸釉质脱矿的关系。方法选取54名固定矫治患者,釉质脱矿组31人,健康对照组23人。收集龈上菌斑,通过转录间隔子测序比较两组真菌组差异,使用RT-qPCR分析白色念珠菌的丰度变化。结果两组真菌微生物多样性和优势物种丰度均存在显著差异。脱矿组真菌微生物多样性降低,念珠菌属及白色念珠菌在脱矿组中富集,且白色念珠菌在脱矿组中丰度较高(P<0.05)。结论青少年固定矫治脱矿状态下龈上菌斑真菌组与健康状态存在显著差异,白色念珠菌更易富集在脱矿菌斑中,可能与釉质脱矿的发生发展密切相关。

基于治未病探讨化湿解毒防治胃癌癌前病变理论研究

胃癌是全世界范围内高发的消化道恶性肿瘤之一,发病率及致死率均较高。胃癌癌前病变(PLGC)为胃癌早期阶段,积极诊治以逆转、截断其向胃癌发展的治疗理念,可类比为中医“治未病”观念。胃癌病机多为邪毒、湿邪内蕴,故论治以化湿解毒为中心,辅以扶正补虚,效果颇佳,获得临床工作者的广泛认同。基于此,作者将从未病先防、既病防变、愈后防复三方面,阐述运用化湿解毒法系统性诊治PLGC的理论研究。