使用合规农药能确保农产品“地头”质量安全吗?——基于豇豆农户的扎根理论分析

新的农产品质量安全法首次将小农户施药行为纳入监管范围,进一步厘清农户施药行为的影响机理与因素,有助于政府精准施策。通过对海南3个村32户农民豇豆种植过程的全程蹲点跟踪,对豇豆施药环节的参与式观察与深度访谈,运用扎根理论分析了访谈资料。研究发现:农户施药环节是一个复杂的行为选择过程,即使施用合规农药也不能确保农产品在产地的质量安全。在合规农药视角下影响农户施药行为选择的最重要因素是信息渠道,其次是农产品质量安全管理的政策强度、农产品市场价格和农村劳动用工成本。同时,邻里效应在农户施药行为选择中的作用越来越弱。在此基础上提出,要增加农户用药信息的有效供给渠道,加强农产品质量安全的全面检测,坚持为农户提供形式多样的有针对性的有效培训,增加重要食用农产品质量安全关键技术供给与推广,加强农产品“优质优价”市场建设的政策建议,并进一步指出海南自贸港建设和RECP协议实施背景下提升海南农产品质量安全水平的紧迫性。

Fe_(n)Co_(55-n)与Co_(n)Mo_(55-n)(n=0~55)团簇基态的能量与结构演化

采用半经验的Gupta多体势函数结合遗传算法及分子动力学淬火算法,系统研究了Co_(n)Mo_(55-n)(n=0~55)与Fe_(n)Co_(55-n)(n=0~55)团簇的基态结构与能量.通过分析基态结构的相似函数、质心间距、平均键长、平均原子配位数、平均结合能、混合能与二阶差分能.探究了团簇基态的结构特征及稳定性与团簇所含元素种类及组分的关联.结果表明:对Co-Mo混合团簇,随Co原子数目增加,Co原子依次占据团簇中心与最外层顶点,混合团簇逐渐出现组分偏析与无序现象;对Fe-Co混合团簇,基态结构主体上均体现为围绕Mackay二十面体构型的结构畸变,随Fe原子含量增加,Fe原子先占据团簇外表面顶点位置直到全部包裹Co原子,逐渐形成核壳式结构;Co_(13)Mo_(42)与Fe_(42)Co_(13)是幻数结构团簇,研究发现组分效应导致的团簇高对称性相比团簇平均键长与平均原子配位数更能解释幻数结构的成因.

复杂地质条件下隧道地质雷达与数值模拟研究

文章探讨了地质雷达在复杂地质条件下隧道勘探中的应用。对复杂地质条件对隧道施工的影响进行了分析,重点介绍了地质雷达在隧道地质勘探中的关键作用,以及数值模拟技术在解决复杂地质问题中的优势。在理论层面,着重阐述了地质雷达的基本原理以及数据处理方法,并通过运用gprMax软件设计实验,研究尺寸因素对目标体的影响。结合湖南永州紫金山3号隧道工程项目的案例,使用地质雷达采集数据并验证了数值模拟的结果。在这一实例中,有效地应用了地质雷达技术,预测了隧道掘进面前的断层破碎区及其断层位移,这为工程操作提供了重要的指引和帮助。这些发现不仅深化了大家对地质雷达在隧道勘探中应用的认识,同时也为复杂地质环境下的隧道工程施工提供了实际可行的预警和探测手段。

基于仿生机构学落地红枣聚拢装置的设计与试验

针对南疆地区目前落地红枣无法聚集、人工捡拾效率低、机械化程度不高等问题,在分析枣树种植模式及红枣物料特性的基础上,采用仿人手臂聚集红枣的方法设计了一种快速聚拢装置,并确定了各零部件的结构参数。利用三维建模软件SolidWorks与运动学仿真软件ADAMS,对聚拢装置进行了建模与运动学仿真,结果表明:红枣在聚集过程中,接触的速度都是从小到大再到小,没有急剧的突变现象,对红枣的损害程度较小,符合设计工作要求。以红枣聚集率为响应指标,以前进速度、曲柄转速、滚筒转速为影响因素,设计了正交组合试验,建立了各因素对聚集率指标二次多项式回归模型,并分析了各因素对聚集率的影响规律。通过多重响应方法中的主目标函数法对其参数进行了优化,获得了影响红枣聚集率的最佳参数,即前进速度为0.37 m/s、曲柄转速为58 r/min、滚筒转速为32 r/min,此时红枣聚集率为88.65%。研究结果可为后续落地红枣聚拢装置的改进和研发提供参考。

Single-phase-to-ground fault protection based on zero-sequence current ratio coefficient for low-resistance grounding distribution network

Definite-time zero-sequence over-current protection is presently used in systems whose neutral point is grounded by a low resistance(low-resistance grounding systems).These systems frequently malfunction owing to their high settings of the action value when a high-impedance grounding fault occurs.In this study,the relationship between the zero-sequence currents of each feeder and the neutral branch was analyzed.Then,a grounding protection method was proposed on the basis of the zero-sequence current ratio coefficient.It is defined as the ratio of the zero-sequence current of the feeder to that of the neutral branch.Nonetheless,both zero-sequence voltage and zero-sequence current are affected by the transition resistance,The influence of transition resistance can be eliminated by calculating this coefficient.Therefore,a method based on the zero-sequence current ratio coefficient was proposed considering the significant difference between the faulty feeder and healthy feeder.Furthermore,unbalanced current can be prevented by setting the starting current.PSCAD simulation results reveal that the proposed method shows high reliability and sensitivity when a high-resistance grounding fault occurs.

An Improved Algorithm of Grounding Grids Corrosion Diagnosis Based on Total Least Square Method

A new model considering corrosion property for grounding grids diagnosis is proposed,which provides reference solutions of ambiguous branches.The constraint total least square method based on singular value decomposition is adopted to improve the effectiveness of grounding grids' diagnosis algorithm.The improvement can weaken the influence of the model's error,which results from the differences between design paper and actual grid.Its influence on touch and step voltages caused by the interior resistance of conductors is taken into account.Simulation results show the validity of this approach.

Determination of grounding line on the Amery Ice Shelf using Sentinel-1 radar interferometry data

Delineation of the grounding line(GL) is necessary for calculating the mass balance of Antarctica, but GL measurements for most of the continent remain at a relatively coarse level. We used Sentinel-1 constellation data to map the GL of the Amery Ice Shelf(AIS) using double-differential synthetic aperture radar interferometry. The ice thickness anomaly deduced from hydrostatic equilibrium and existing Antarctic GL products is compared with our result. With this new and very accurate GL, we detected new ice rises in the north of the AIS. Our new measurement shows no major change of the AIS GL, particularly in the southernmost part.

An Investigation into Substation Grounding and Its Implementation on Gaza Substation

An investigation into the optimal design of a substation grounding system for the transmission substation in Gaza City, Palestine has been carried out. A research into the most influential parameters on the effectiveness of the substation grid system has been performed and its results have been incorporated into the Gaza case study. Through modelling and simulating the power station in Gaza while considering some field data, an optimal substation grounding grid has been designed and has shown complete conformance to safety. It is thus considered that such a design will protect personnel in any area of the substation in addition to the installed machinery if the largest possible fault current was to traverse the earth.

The Research on Grounding Protection for 110kV Resistance Grounding Distribution System

Using the neutral grounding method by the resistance in 110?kV system, it can limit the voltage sag and short circuit current when one-phase grounding fault occurred, but it will change the sequence of the network structure and parameters. This paper analyzes the size and distribution of zero sequence voltage and current when one-phase grounding fault occurred in the 110 kV resistance grounding system, and puts forward the grounding protection configuration setting principle of this system combining the power supplying characteristics of 110?kV distribution network. In a reforming substation as an example, the grounding protection of 110 kV lines and transformer have been set and calculated.

Study on Decision Method of Neutral Point Grounding Mode for Medium-Voltage Distribution Network

The neutral grounding mode of medium-voltage distribution network decides the reliability, overvoltage, relay protection and electrical safety. Therefore, a comprehensive consideration of the reliability, safety and economy is particularly important for the decision of neutral grounding mode. This paper proposes a new decision method of neutral point grounding mode for mediumvoltage distribution network. The objective function is constructed for the decision according the life cycle cost. The reliability of the neutral point grounding mode is taken into account through treating the outage cost as an operating cost. The safety condition of the neutral point grounding mode is preserved as the constraint condition of decision models, so the decision method can generate the most economical and reliable scheme of neutral point grounding mode within a safe limit. The example is used to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the decision method.

沥青路面裂缝高聚物注浆效果试验评价研究

非开挖式注浆技术采用高聚物双组分材料注浆,能有效填充沥青路面裂缝处半刚性基层和底基层层间脱空,排出结构层水分,密封裂缝,达到补强路面结构层效果。为了评价注浆技术应用效果,通过施工过程注浆孔检测、注浆前后探地雷达图谱测试、弯沉测试以及取芯等方式来评判,结果显示注浆后裂缝处弯沉能降低20%,两侧弯沉差明显减小,三维探地雷达检测显示裂缝注浆后灰度图内部未出现异常信号,无振幅加强现象,证明裂缝处浆液被填充。

Fault Line Selection Method Considering Grounding Fault Angle for Distribution Network

In the distribution network system with its neutral point grounding via arc suppression coil, when single-phase grounding fault occurred near zero-crossing point of the phase voltage, the inaccuracy of the line selection always existed in existing methods. According to the characteristics that transient current was different between the fault feeder and other faultless feeders, wavelet transformation was performed on data of the transient current within a power frequency cycle after the fault occurred. Based on different fault angles, wavelet energy in corresponding frequency band was chosen to compare. The result was that wavelet energy in fault feeder was the largest of all, and it was larger than sum of those in other faultless feeders, when the bus broke down, the disparity between each wavelet energy was not significant. Fault line could be selected out by the criterion above. The results of MATLAB/simulink simulation experiment indicated that this method had anti-interference capacity and was feasible.

Study on Earth Surface Potential and DC Current Distribution around DC Grounding Electrode

DC magnetic biasing problem,caused by the DC grounding electrode, threatened the safe operation of AC power grid. In this paper, the characteristics of the soil stratification near DC grounding electrode was researched. The AC-DC interconnected large-scale system model under the monopole operation mode was established. The earth surface potential and DC current distribution in various stations under the different surface thickness was calculated. Some useful conclusions are drawn from the analyzed results.

Application of Atomic Sparse Decomposition to Feature Extraction of the Fault Signal in Small Current Grounding System

Applying the atomic sparse decomposition in the distribution network with harmonics and small current grounding to decompose the transient zero sequence current that appears after the single phase to ground fault occurred. Based on dictionary of Gabor atoms and matching pursuit algorithm, the method extracts the atomic components iteratively from the feature signals and translated them to damped sinusoidal components. Then we can obtain the parametrical and analytical representation of atomic components. The termination condition of decomposing iteration is determined by the threshold of the initial residual energy with the purpose of extract the features more effectively. Accordingly, the proposed method can extract the starting and ending moment of disturbances precisely as well as their magnitudes, frequencies and other features. The numerical examples demonstrate its effectiveness.

The Research on Neutral Grounding Scheme of Fengxian 35kV and 10 kV Power Grid

Combined with actual situation of Fengxian power Supply Company, the neutral grounding modes of Fengxian 35 kV and 10 kV power grid are studied in the paper. The different frequencies injected method is used to measure the capacitive current of Fengxian 28 substations, and the neutral grounding modes of the 28 substations are determined based on the measured values of capacitive current.

Residual current compensation for single-phase grounding fault in coal mine power network

The way of neutral point to earth via full compensation arc suppression coil can solve the problem of residual current compensation in coal mine power network effectively. Based on the analysis on the grounding current detection results of Xieqiao coal mine, the conclusion that harmonic component of grounding current is dominated by higher harmonics with complex harmonic sources in coal mine power network system was obtained. The influences of harmonic source type and fault point position on harmonic voltage and harmonic current were analyzed theoretically. The influences of earthed fault feeder detection result and the estimation errors of parameters to earth on residual current compensation were analyzed. A new thought of residual current prediction and the selections of model method and control method were proposed on this basis. The simulation results prove that harmonic amplitudes of zero sequence voltage and zero sequence current are determined by harmonic source type as well as fault point position in coal mine power network, and also prove that zero sequence voltage detection can avoid the unstable problem of coal mine power network system caused by undercompensation of capacitive current. Finally, the experimental device of full compensation arc suppression coil is introduced.

Small-current grounding fault location method based on transient main resonance frequency analysis

The small-current grounding fault in distribution network is hard to be located because of its weak fault features.To accurately locate the faults,the transient process is analyzed in this paper.Through the study we take that the main resonant frequency and its corresponding component is related to the fault distance.Based on this,a fault location method based on double-end wavelet energy ratio at the scale corresponding to the main resonant frequency is proposed.And back propagation neural network(BPNN)is selected to fit the non-linear relationship between the wavelet energy ratio and fault distance.The performance of this proposed method has been verified in different scenarios of a simulation model in PSCAD/EMTDC.

Analysis of a Large Grounding System and Subsequent Field Test Validation Using the Fall of Potential Method

This paper examines various aspects of the design process and subsequent field test measurements of a large and complex substation grounding system. The study and measurements show that soil layering and lead interference can have a significant impact on the appropriate test location that yields the exact substation ground impedance. Applying a specific percentage rule such as the 61.8% rule for uniform soils to obtain the true ground impedance may lead to unacceptable errors for large grounding systems. This poses significant problems when attempting to validate a design based on raw test data that are interpreted using approximate methods to evaluate substation ground impedance, and determine ground potential rise (GPR), touch and step voltages. Advanced measurement methodologies and modern software packages were used to obtain and effectively analyze fall of potential test data, compute fault current distribution, and evaluate touch and step voltages for this large substation. Fault current distribution between the grounding system and other metallic paths were computed to determine the portion of fault current discharged in the grounding system. The performance of the grounding system, including its GPR and touch and step voltages, has been accurately computed and measured, taking into account the impedance of the steel material used of the ground conductors and circulating currents within the substation grounding system.

The Research of Voltage Sag and Power Frequency Overvoltage on 110kV Resistance Grounding System

This paper researches the voltage transfer characteristics when one-phase ground fault occurred in the resistance grounding system, by using the theory of the asymmetric variable characteristics and the sequence network analysis of the -11 transformer, and concludes the scope of voltage sag and swell and the degree of power frequency overvoltage and their influencing factors in the 110 kV resistance grounding system. Accordingly this paper puts forward the resistance choosing principle: the resistance grounding coefficient must be equal to or greater than 10. So it can not only wipe out the voltage sag and voltage swell but also make sure the overvoltage is limited to electrical equipment allowing range. The method mentioned above is verified by simulation results of a 110 kV power system in ATP.

Effects of Transformer DC Bias and the Relationship Between UHVDC Grounding Current and Grounding Resistances

Recently years,UHVDC transmission system is paid more attention to in the field of China's power system.It takes key part in the China electrical power development stratagem.But,many problems are caused by UHVDC system,such as DC bias,corrosion of metal underground and so on.DC bias is harm to the transformers nearby UHVDC grounding polar.In this paper,the influences of DC grounding current on transformer are introduced and some suggestions of DC bias solution were provided.And,the relationship between UHVDC Grounding Current and grounding Resistance of Substation was analyzed.Firstly,two-part network circuit was used to equivalent the grounding circuit.Then,an analysis of rules was done between DC bias current and grounding resistance.Finally,the conclusion is given that DC bias current rises fast as DC grounding resistance or AC grounding resistance rises.It drops when resistance of AC transmission line or interaction resistance between DC grounding system and AC grounding system rises.Decreasing AC grounding resistance and DC grounding resistance is important to restrain DC bias current.Increasing resistance of AC transmission line such as adding resistance into transformer neutral-point grounding is a useful way to limit DC bias current.