Technical cross-fertilization between terrestrial microgrids and ship power systems

Aspects of terrestrial microgrids and ship power systems are examined.The work exposes a variety of technical synergies from these two power systems to effectively advance their technologies.Understanding their overlap allows congruent efforts to target both systems;understanding their differences hinders conflict and redundancy in early-stage design.The paper concludes by highlighting how an understanding of both systems can reduce the investment in research resources.

Multi-agent and ant colony optimization for ship integrated power system network reconfiguration

Electric power is widely used as the main energy source of ship integrated power system(SIPS), which contains power network and electric power network. SIPS network reconfiguration is a non-linear large-scale problem. The reconfiguration solution influences the safety and stable operation of the power system. According to the operational characteristics of SIPS, a simplified model of power network and a mathematical model for network reconfiguration are established. Based on these models, a multi-agent and ant colony optimization(MAACO) is proposed to solve the problem of network reconfiguration. The simulations are carried out to demonstrate that the optimization method can reconstruct the integrated power system network accurately and efficiently.

Assessment of Electric Power Qualityin Ships' Modern Systems

The paper deals with the selected problems of electric power quality in ships’ modern systems. In the introduction the fundamentals of electric power quality assessment, such as the relations and consequences among power quality phenomena and indices, secondly as the methods and tools as well as the appropriate instrumentation, have been shortly presented. Afterwards, the basic characteristic of power systems on modern ships has been given. The main focus of the paper is put on the assessment of electric power quality in ships’ systems fitted with converter subsystems. The state of the art and actual tendencies in the discussed matter have been shown. Some chosen experimental results, based on the research carried out under supervision of the author, have been presented, too. Finally, some concluding issues have been shortly commented on.

A Full Mission Simulator of the Ship＇s Automated Electric Power System for Training and Competence Testing of Marine Engineers

This article describes practical preparation of marine engineers on the full mission simulator complex of the ship＇s automated electrical power plant. A full mission simulator complex of the ship＇s automated power management system meets International Convention STCW （Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping） 78 （with Manila amendments 2010） requirements in part of adequate reproduction of its operational modes corresponding to the actual configuration and layout of the ship＇s automated power management system with real consumers and typical loads. The simulator is fully consistent with the goals and objectives of the practical training, as well as the goals and objectives of proficiency testing engine department officers on issues of technical maintenance of real ship＇s equipment （high voltage installations included） and means of automation. The simulator＇s complex is designed for training and proficiency testing of cadets and students of maritime educational institutions, as well as training and proficiency testing of marine specialists （mechanics and electricians） by watch-keeping and maintenance of modem integrated automated control systems of ship＇s electric power plant and the individual ship electromechanical systems, including high-voltage systems. A simulator＇s complex provides adequate reproduction of operational situations on technical side of real ship electric and automation equipment provides training on monitoring, control and management diesel-generator sets in hand, semi-automatic and automatic modes of power station, control and management of electromechanical systems, as well as the set of tasks upon parameterization, visualization and etc. Besides number of combinations of monitoring, control and management tasks, the simulator＇s complex provides an opportunity to simulate various practical fault conditions. It allows students to focus on the work of automatic control system in emergency situations and to work out correct actions for a watch-keeper on searching, localizing of faults and troubleshooting of equipment.

Computer-aided system for hazard zone identification in ship power plants

The most dangerous places in ships are their power plants. Particularly, they are very unsafe for operators carrying out various necessary operation and maintenance activities. For this reason, ship machinery should be designed to ensure the maximum safety for its operators. It is a very difficult task. Therefore, it could not be solved by means of conventional design methods, which are used for design of uncomplicated technical equipment. One of the possible ways of solving this problem is to provide appropriate tools, which allow us to take the operator's safety into account during a design process, especially at its early stages. A computer-aided system supporting design of safe ship power plants could be such a tool. This paper deals with developing process of a prototype of the computer-aided system for hazard zone identification in ship power plants.

Powership＇s Identity and MARPOL Convention Application

The concept, although it is not new, came to surface in the last ten years with significant technological improvement and became a temporary solution for the port cities where the supply of electricity is in need. A ship shaped floatable structure with a huge power generator on board becomes the temporary but effective solution. However, these converted ex-ships are still legally ships in order to admit them sufficiently within the scope of a leading convention, which applies to marine and air pollution from ships. This issue needs research on the legal definition of the ＂ship＂ to clarify if it is a ship and to determine whether that would also fall within the concept of MARPOL.

基于PowerLogic系统构架的船舶自动化电站监控系统

为了有效地管理和监控船舶电站的工作状态,提高电站的稳定性和可靠性,采用施耐德PowerLogic系统构架组建船舶电站监控系统,实现船舶电站监管控一体化.设计触摸屏监视界面、电能质量分析界面和Web远程监视界面,并设计监控系统的控制电路.整个监控系统的以太网与现场总线通信程序采用PLC实现.在交流380 V/50 Hz船舶电站上的实际运行表明,该监控系统在船舶电力参数监视、控制和管理方面效果显著,为实现配电室的无人值守和提高船舶电站现代化管理水平奠定基础.

Current Situation,Problems and Countermeasures of Shipping Culture in China

From the four aspects of material culture, institutional culture, behavioral culture and spiritual culture, the current situation and problems of China9s shipping culture were analyzed, and corresponding supportive suggestions were proposed.

基于虚拟直流电机控制的船舶高频高峰值脉冲负载冲击平抑控制策略研究

高频高峰值脉冲负载对具有弱惯量特性的船舶电力系统呈现较大的功率冲击影响,严重时会造成船舶发电机组振荡停机。针对这一问题,该文首先建立典型脉冲负载的数学模型,研究脉冲负载功率特性及其对船舶电力系统冲击机理。根据研究结果,提出采用超级电容冲击平抑装置平抑脉冲功率。其次,通过分析虚拟直流电机(VDG)运行机理,确定通过VDG控制提升双向DC-DC变换器惯量的可行性。基于以上研究,推导双向DC-DC变换器的小信号模型及系统传递函数,分析虚拟转动惯量及虚拟阻尼对平抑装置稳定性的影响。然后,提出一种适用于脉冲负载稳态运行和暂态突变的平抑装置控制策略。最后,基于RT Box 3半实物仿真平台,搭建了具有平抑装置的船舶电力系统模型,验证了所提控制策略的有效性。

船舶岸电变流器用构网型电流矢量控制

船舶岸电变流器作为靠港船舶新的供电电源,可极大地降低船舶靠港时船用同步发电机重质柴油燃烧所带来的NOx、SOx和柴油颗粒等污染物。为保证船舶供电的连续性,岸电侧与船电侧电源多采用预同步方式完成不断电切换,然而可能会因两侧电压非理想的相位差而诱发电流冲击,进而导致岸电与船电电源切换失败。因此,该文首先提出船舶岸电变流器用构网型电流矢量控制策略,其实施于锁相环确定的船电两相同步旋转坐标系中,可在无预同步的前提下完成岸电变流器无冲击自整步并入船电系统,同时通过幅频电压-矢量电流级联闭环完成对船舶岸电变流器输出电压幅值和频率的有效调控。然后,建立构网型电流矢量控制数学模型,并基于此分析控制带宽对控制系统相位稳定裕度、电压跟踪能力以及对负载电流的抗扰能力。最后,通过Satrsim MT 8020硬件在环测试,验证了所提构网型电流矢量控制策略的有效性。

考虑冲击负荷影响的舰船电力系统储-荷重构优化策略

针对舰船由于受损而导致大功率冲击负荷需要直连电网所引发的频率安全问题,提出了一种基于储能灵活支撑下,考虑冲击负荷影响的舰船配电系统储-荷重构优化策略。首先,为评估投入冲击负荷对系统频率安全的影响及配置储能对系统的支撑效果,根据两者的实际工作特性进行建模分析,建立了适应舰船电力系统的频率响应模型。在此模型的基础上构建了基于系统的不同受损状况下的系统频率安全运行约束,将其简化为适宜求解的系统实际配置组合问题。其次,为满足舰船电力系统运行需求,建立了以最大恢复负荷权重值为优化目标的多约束重构优化模型;提出基于BPSO算法的舰船电力系统储-荷重构优化策略。最后,为验证所提策略的有效性与可行性,对所构建的舰船电力系统模型进行了仿真测试。经过对比分析模型在不同场景下的重构优化结果,表明采用所提的优化策略能够保障系统在受损较为严重的情况下满足频率-功率安全,实现系统最优恢复供电。因此,依据所提策略对储-荷灵活重构,可有效保障冲击负荷接入下的舰船电力系统安稳运行。

绿色能源背景下的舰船动力系统能耗优化研究

为减少舰船航行过程中的污染物排放量,降低航行成本,研究绿色能源背景下的舰船动力系统能耗优化方法。绿色能源背景下,以最小总能耗、最小二氧化碳排放量、最小航行成本为目标函数,以绿色能源转换效率及灵活性转换效率等为约束条件,建立舰船动力系统能耗优化模型,减少舰船航行过程中的污染物排放量,降低航行成本;通过求解该模型,获取最小总能耗、最小二氧化碳排放量,以及最小航行成本对应的能耗优化方案,实现能耗优化。实验证明该方法可有效优化舰船动力系统能耗;在不同水流速度与对水航速时,应用该方法均可降低舰船航行的总能耗、二氧化碳排放量与航行成本。

燃料电池船舶混合动力系统能量管理研究综述

在“双碳”目标下,发展燃料电池船舶是实现航运业转型升级和低碳化的重要发展方向之一。面对当前燃料电池上船的诸多问题,混合动力系统成为燃料电池船舶应用的有效解决方案,其能量管理的研究也成为核心研究方向之一。系统梳理燃料电池船舶的发展概况,针对燃料电池船舶多类型能源能量管理中涉及的能量调度问题以及变换器功率分配问题进行综述;分析各类方法的优缺点及其在实船上应用的可能性;探讨燃料电池船舶推广可行性和发展方向,以期能为技术创新和工程应用提供参考。

船舶综合电力系统绝缘电阻在线检测方法

当前采用中压直流供配电的船舶综合电力系统,在发电机端和负载端均存在接地电阻,对其电网绝缘电阻的在线检测产生较大影响。为此,提出一种改进注入法在线绝缘检测方案,通过外加电源和负载状态量获取的方式,排除系统接地电阻带来的影响。首先,在整流发电机接地电阻处,分别正向和反向并联直流电源,采用电源叠加法得到系统绝缘电阻解析表达式;然后,利用实时获取的变频器接地电阻柜的开关状态,折算直流母线实时的绝缘电阻值;最后,搭建了全系统仿真模型并进行了验证。研究结果表明:所提方案测量精度满足工程需求,为综合电力系统母线绝缘的在线检测提供了理论基础。

基于神经网络的船舶综合电力系统负荷组合预测研究

随着纯电动船舶的高速发展,其用电负荷在电力市场交易中的影响日渐突出,为此该文提出一种船舶综合电力系统负荷神经网络组合预测方法,旨在提高预测精度。首先,分析纯电动船舶综合电力系统在多种工况下的负荷特性。然后,研究基于典型神经网络的船舶综合电力系统负荷预测方法,揭示其在复杂工况下预测的局限性。针对以上问题,提出了基于BP和RBF神经网络相结合的船舶综合电力系统负荷组合预测方法。此组合预测方法集合了BP和RBF神经网络模型的优势,提高了预测模型的泛化能力和容错率。最后,以江苏某纯电动船舶为实际算例,针对复杂工况下的船舶综合电力系统负荷进行对比预测。结果表明,所提方法与单一预测算法相比,预测精度从96.63%提高至98.98%。

基于DFS的船舶配电网潮流计算

为提升船舶直流区域辐射型配电网潮流计算的效率与准确性,解决传统前推回代法在复杂网络和多节点情况下的计算问题。提出了一种改进的前推回代法,该方法融入深度遍历(DFS)策略,并优化了节点编号处理过程。通过DFS遍历网络,实现了节点的高效重新编号,并在节点数量较多时构建邻接矩阵,从而加速计算流程。计算结果显示,改进的前推回代法不仅加快了迭代速度,而且确保了计算误差精度。仿真案例中,与传统前推回代法相比,研究提出的方法在节点电压、支路电流和部分节点功率的计算误差上均有减少,同时,迭代次数保持不变的情况下,计算时间显著缩短。因此采用DFS结合节点编号优化的改进前推回代法,能够有效应对船舶配电网的复杂结构和多节点挑战,确保了潮流计算的高效性与准确性,为船舶电力系统的稳定运行提供了有力保障。该方法不仅提高了计算效率,还增强了船舶电力系统潮流分析的可靠性和实用性。

基于庞特里亚金极小值原理的柴电混合动力船舶能量管理策略

提升混合动力船舶的能源利用率,制定合适的能量管理策略以实现功率合理分配、减小船舶燃油消耗、节约成本,是混合动力船舶的亟需解决的关键技术问题。本文基于Matlab/Simulink仿真建模软件,建立对象船舶的动力系统仿真模型,研究不同功率需求下对柴油发电机和超级电容的控制要求。考虑动力源特性和船舶功率需求,本文提出了一种基于庞特里亚金极小值的能量管理策略对目标船舶进行合理的功率分配。仿真结果表明:基于庞特里亚金极小值原理的能量管理策略能够优化船舶柴油机组原动机的工作状态,使其在比油耗较低的点工作。在该策略的控制下,航行工况内的柴油发电机组原动机平均比油耗为207.2 g/(kW·h),总燃油消耗量为204.1 kg。本文方法不仅对船舶减小燃油消耗具有积极的作用,同时对提高船舶运行经济性具有重要意义。

扩展P-ROQR环流抑制策略在船舶MMC-MVDC电力系统中的应用

为了解决船舶中压直流(MVDC)电力系统中应用的模块化多电平变换器(MMC)存在的环流问题,分析自阻型MMC的拓扑结构及环流产生机理,采用基于2阶广义积分器(SOGI)的滤波器过滤环流中的直流分量。对于环流中的交流分量,提出一种基于比例降阶准比例谐振控制器的新型环流抑制器对其进行抑制。在MATLAB/Simulink软件中搭建船舶自阻型MMC-MVDC电力系统模型。仿真结果表明:所提策略能有效抑制环流中的交流分量;自阻型MMC应用于逆变侧时具有直流故障闭锁能力。所提策略应用于船舶MMC-MVDC电力系统的环流抑制效果优异,同时具有减少桥臂电流畸变,稳定子模块电容电压的作用。

舰船综合电力系统研究进展与应用建议

该文概述舰船综合电力系统(integrated power system,IPS)的原理、组成、分类、特点与技术难点,介绍国内外工程研制情况,综述集成设计、大容量直流源及其并联组网控制、大容量直驱式电力推进、直流大电流开断保护、电力电子静止电源、高密度储能、智能化能量管理等7项共性技术及我国技术研究突破情况。针对IPS在民用新能源船舶、电动及混动飞机、轨道交通、海上能源高效利用等推广应用实际需求,给出系统推荐方案,并提出各应用场景下还需重点研究的内容,旨在为IPS在多领域推广应用提供参考。

船舶电力系统闭环运行保护技术综述

为了解船舶电网闭环运行保护技术当前的研究状况以及未来趋势,从船舶电力系统自身特点出发,分析传统的三段式电流保护在船舶电网闭环运行中应用的现状及改进需求,研究闭环保护技术原理,阐明其与传统保护技术之间的差异,并对闭环保护机制中的潮流计算、短路电流计算、故障分析判断、保护原理与整定计算等关键技术的研究现状进行调研梳理,指出其目前的研究现状、攻克难点及发展趋势。研究结果可为后续船舶电力系统闭环保护的研究与实现提供参考。