Probability Density Analysis of Nonlinear Random Ship Rolling

Ship rolling in random waves is a complicated nonlinear motion that contributes substantially to ship instability and capsizing.The finite element method(FEM)is employed in this paper to solve the Fokker Planck(FP)equations numerically for homoclinic and heteroclinic ship rolling under random waves described as periodic and Gaussian white noise excitations.The transient joint probability density functions(PDFs)and marginal PDFs of the rolling responses are also obtained.The effects of stimulation strength on ship rolling are further investigated from a probabilistic standpoint.The homoclinic ship rolling has two rolling states,the connection between the two peaks of the PDF is observed when the periodic excitation amplitude or the noise intensity is large,and the PDF is remarkably distributed in phase space.These phenomena increase the possibility of a random jump in ship motion states and the uncertainty of ship rolling,and the ship may lose stability due to unforeseeable facts or conditions.Meanwhile,only one rolling state is observed when the ship is in heteroclinic rolling.As the periodic excitation amplitude grows,the PDF concentration increases and drifts away from the beginning location,suggesting that the ship rolling substantially changes in a cycle and its stability is low.The PDF becomes increasingly uniform and covers a large region as the noise intensity increases,reducing the certainty of ship rolling and navigation safety.The current numerical solutions and analyses may be applied to evaluate the stability of a rolling ship in irregular waves and capsize mechanisms.

Unmanned Ship Identification Based on Improved YOLOv8s Algorithm

Aiming at defects such as low contrast in infrared ship images,uneven distribution of ship size,and lack of texture details,which will lead to unmanned ship leakage misdetection and slow detection,this paper proposes an infrared ship detection model based on the improved YOLOv8 algorithm(R_YOLO).The algorithm incorporates the Efficient Multi-Scale Attention mechanism(EMA),the efficient Reparameterized Generalized-feature extraction module(CSPStage),the small target detection header,the Repulsion Loss function,and the context aggregation block(CABlock),which are designed to improve the model’s ability to detect targets at multiple scales and the speed of model inference.The algorithm is validated in detail on two vessel datasets.The comprehensive experimental results demonstrate that,in the infrared dataset,the YOLOv8s algorithm exhibits improvements in various performance metrics.Specifically,compared to the baseline algorithm,there is a 3.1%increase in mean average precision at a threshold of 0.5(mAP(0.5)),a 5.4%increase in recall rate,and a 2.2%increase in mAP(0.5:0.95).Simultaneously,while less than 5 times parameters,the mAP(0.5)and frames per second(FPS)exhibit an increase of 1.7%and more than 3 times,respectively,compared to the CAA_YOLO algorithm.Finally,the evaluation indexes on the visible light data set have shown an average improvement of 4.5%.

A Semi-Analytical Method for the PDFs of A Ship Rolling in Random Oblique Waves

The PDFs(probability density functions) and probability of a ship rolling under the random parametric and forced excitations were studied by a semi-analytical method. The rolling motion equation of the ship in random oblique waves was established. The righting arm obtained by the numerical simulation was approximately fitted by an analytical function. The irregular waves were decomposed into two Gauss stationary random processes, and the CARMA(2, 1) model was used to fit the spectral density function of parametric and forced excitations. The stochastic energy envelope averaging method was used to solve the PDFs and the probability. The validity of the semi-analytical method was verified by the Monte Carlo method. The C11 ship was taken as an example, and the influences of the system parameters on the PDFs and probability were analyzed. The results show that the probability of ship rolling is affected by the characteristic wave height, wave length, and the heading angle. In order to provide proper advice for the ship’s manoeuvring, the parametric excitations should be considered appropriately when the ship navigates in the oblique seas.

Approximation Method for Flare Slamming Analysis of Large Container Ships in Parametric Rolling Conditions

Since the research of flare slamming prediction is seldom when parametric rolling happens, we present an efficient approximation method for flare slamming analysis of large container ships in parametric rolling conditions. We adopt a 6-DOF weakly nonlinear time domain model to predict the ship motions of parametric rolling conditions. Unlike previous flare slamming analysis, our proposed method takes roll motion into account to calculate the impact angle and relative vertical velocity between ship sections on the bow flare and wave surface. We use the Wagner model to analyze the slamming impact forces and the slamming occurrence probability. Through numerical simulations, we investigate the maximum flare slamming pressures of a container ship for different speeds and wave conditions. To further clarify the mechanism of flare slamming phenomena in parametric rolling conditions, we also conduct real-time simulations to determine the relationship between slamming pressure and 3-DOF motions, namely roll, pitch, and heave.

基于LSTM模型的船舶材料成本滚动预测

船舶建造周期长、材料成本占比大,易受大宗商品价格指数和汇率等多个因素的影响,造成实际完工成本与报价估算存在较大误差的情况。采用灰色关联分析(Grey Correlation Analysis,GCA)方法识别材料成本的影响因素,基于长短期记忆网络(Long Short-Term Memory,LSTM)模型构建船舶材料成本滚动预测模型,并使用某造船企业53艘64000 t散货船63个月的材料成本数据和对应的影响因素数据进行试验分析。结果表明,预测数据与实际数据误差在可接受范围内,可证明所选择方法和构建模型的有效性。研究结果对制造过程的成本实时预测和控制具有现实意义。

Roll stability catastrophe mechanism of a flooded ship on regular sea waves

Based on a typical one-free-degree ship roll motion equation, the cusp catastrophe model is built including the bifurca- tion set equation, splitting factor ＇u＇ and regular factor ＇v＇, where both ＇u＇ and ＇v＇ are further expressed with typical flooded ship parameters. Then, the roll catastrophe mechanism is analyzed mainly by means of ＇u＇, under the given parameters of a typical trawler boat. The aim of this research is to reveal the mutagenic mechanism of the roll stability and provide a reference for improving ship roll stability.

Nonparametric Identification of Nonlinear Added Mass Moment of Inertia and Damping Moment Characteristics of Large-Amplitude Ship Roll Motion

This study aims to investigate the nonlinear added mass moment of inertia and damping moment characteristics of largeamplitude ship roll motion based on transient motion data through the nonparametric system identification method.An inverse problem was formulated to solve the first-kind Volterra-type integral equation using sets of motion signal data.However,this numerical approach leads to solution instability due to noisy data.Regularization is a technique that can overcome the lack of stability;hence,Landweber’s regularization method was employed in this study.The L-curve criterion was used to select regularization parameters(number of iterations)that correspond to the accuracy of the inverse solution.The solution of this method is a discrete moment,which is the summation of nonlinear restoring,nonlinear damping,and nonlinear mass moment of inertia.A zero-crossing detection technique is used in the nonparametric system identification method on a pair of measured data of the angular velocity and angular acceleration of a ship,and the detections are matched with the inverse solution at the same discrete times.The procedure was demonstrated through a numerical model of a full nonlinear free-roll motion system in still water to examine and prove its accuracy.Results show that the method effectively and efficiently identified the functional form of the nonlinear added moment of inertia and damping moment.

参数化S谱幅值调制及轴承故障诊断应用

针对传统谱幅值调制方法易受噪声影响的问题,利用参数化S变换得到信号在时频域中的幅值,提出了一种参数化S谱幅值调制方法。该方法首先使用参数化S变换将信号转换到时频域并得到幅值和相位,然后将不同权重赋予时频域中的幅值以改变不同能量频率成分在信号中的占比,最后将调制后的幅值与原相位结合,使用参数化S逆变换重构一系列修正信号并计算其平方包络谱以提取故障特征。仿真和实验结果表明,该方法获得的幅值信息相比传统谱幅值调制方法更加准确和全面,对强噪声环境更具鲁棒性,能够有效实现滚动轴承的外圈、内圈和复合故障诊断。将所提方法与传统谱幅值调制方法和快速谱峭度方法进行对比,证明了参数化S谱幅值调制既能检测强噪声环境下的轴承故障信息,又能同时提取多种故障分量,在滚动轴承的故障特征提取中更具优越性。

不同装载条件下小型渔船参数横摇的非定常RANS CFD仿真

Fishing boats have unique features that make them prone to changing loading conditions.When the boat leaves the port,the empty fish tank gradually fills up during fishing operations which may result in parametric roll(PR).This dangerous phenomenon that can lead to capsizing.The present study aims to understand better the behaviour of parametric roll in fishing boats and its relation to changing loading conditions.The study considers the effects of displacement and the GM/KM ratio on parametric roll,as well as the longitudinal flare distribution at the waterline.Two assessments to detect the parametric roll occurrence in early stage were carried out by using the level 1 assessment of parametric roll based on the Second Generation of Intact Stability criteria(SGIS)from International maritime Organisation(IMO)and the Susceptibility criteria of Parametric roll from the American Bureau of Shipping(ABS).Then,the CFD method is used to predict the amplitude of the parametric roll phenomenon.The results provide important insights to fishing vessel operators on how to manage loading conditions to maintain stability and avoid hazardous situations.By following the guidelines outlined in this study,fishing boats can operate more safely and efficiently,reducing the risk of accidents and improving the overall sustainability of the fishing industry.

Influence of sway motion on passive anti-rolling tank

The passive anti-rolling tank is one of important ship stabilizers widely used today. But at present, research of the tank is most aimed at its rolling movement. In this paper, the influence of sway motion on the passive anti-rolling tank is considered, the mathematical model of ＂ship-passive antl-rolling tank＂ system coupled with sway motion is developed basing on the U-shaped passive anti-rolling tank theory. Both simulation results and experimental data indicate that it is necessary to consider the influence of sway motion on the anti-rolling tank, which is more agreeable to the actual circumstance.

Slip Line Field Solution for Second Pass in Lubricated 4-High Reversing Cold Rolling Sheet Mill

The development of a possible slip line field (slf) for theoretical calculations of the deforming pressure (load) in a second pass of a lubricated cold rolling sheet mill and validation using values from an aluminium sheet rolling mill was done in this work. This will be relevant in the manufacturing industries providing an easy method for determining necessary applied rolling load. Experimental rolling was carried out to observe the shear lines in the deformation field. Construction of possible slip line field model was developed adhering strictly to assumptions of rigid plastic model. Calculation of the deforming force/load was achieved using Hencky’s equation. Results showed that the load calculations for constructed slip line field using aluminium sheet rolling as an example tallied with values obtained from Tower Aluminium rolling mill. Slip line fields constructed for the second pass described adequately the rolling pressure in the cold rolling process, giving a valid solution of the exact load estimates on comparison with the industrial load values. Roll pressure along the arc of contact rose fairly linearly from the entrance to a maximum at the exit point. This work showed that slf for the first pass in a cold rolling mill cannot be used for subsequent passes;it requires construction of slfs for each pass in the cold rolling process.

S形钢丝初辊压工艺的数值分析

根据主缆S形钢丝的技术指标要求,利用有限元分析和试验测试等手段,在保持总变形不变的条件下,对10#钢分别进行4道、6道、8道初辊压测试试验。试验结果表明S形钢丝应力的集中区域存在于变形过渡区和辊缝中心线的主要变形区,随着辊压道次的增加,拉长的晶粒也更多。数值分析的预测结果与实验表征的结果具有良好的一致性。

Non-linearity Analysis of Ship Roll Gyro-stabilizer Control System

A gyro-stabilizer is the interesting system that it can apply to marine vessels for diminishes roll motion.Today it has potentially light weight with no hy­drodynamics drag and effective at zero forward speed.The twin-gyroscope was chosen.Almost,the modelling for designing the system use linear model that it might not comprehensive mission requirement such as high sea condition.The non-linearity analysis was proved by comparison the re­sults between linear and non-linear model of gyro-stabilizer throughout fre­quency domain also same wave input,constrains and limitations.Moreover,they were cross checked by simulating in time domain.The comparison of interested of linear and non-linear close loop model in frequency domain has demonstrated the similar characteristics but gave different values at same frequency obviously.The results were confirmed again by simulation in irregular beam sea on time domain and they demonstrate the difference of behavior of both systems while the gyro-stabilizers are switching on and off.From the resulting analysis,the non-linear gyro-stabilizer model gives more real results that correspond to more accuracy in a designing gyro-sta­bilizer control system for various amplitudes and frequencies operating condition especially high sea condition.

S模式二次雷达询问策略的研究和改进

通常常规二次雷达(SSR)工作在A/C模式,S模式二次雷达工作在交互模式,通过不同的询问策略获得应答信号。在实际应用中发现,特殊应答机对于交互模式的应答存在丢点问题。本文通过对现有S模式二次雷达询问策略的分析和研究,在国际民航组织二次雷达规范的基础上提出了改进的询问策略,解决了S模式二次雷达与传统A/C模式二次雷达兼容过程中偶尔出现的目标丢失问题,为S模式二次雷达的运用提供了建设性意见。

Ground roll attenuation using a time-frequency dependent polarization filter based on the S transform

The ground roll and body wave usually show significant differences in arrival time, frequency content, and polarization characteristics, and conventional polarization filters that operate in either the time or frequency domain cannot consider all these elements. Therefore, we have developed a time-frequency dependent polarization filter based on the S transform to attenuate the ground roll in seismic records. Our approach adopts the complex coefficients of the S transform of the multi-component seismic data to estimate the local polarization attributes and utilizes the estimated attributes to construct the filter function. In this study, we select the S transform to design this polarization filter because its scalable window length can ensure the same number of cycles of a Fourier sinusoid, thereby rendering more precise estimation of local polarization attributes. The results of applying our approach in synthetic and real data examples demonstrate that the proposed polarization filter can effectively attenuate the ground roll and successfully preserve the body wave.

基于最优变分模态分解与相空间重构的LSTM船舶横摇运动预测

为提高船舶海上作业稳定性,需要精确预测船舶横摇运动,以增强船舶横摇补偿控制效果。建立了一种基于最优变分模态分解与相空间重构的长短时记忆神经网络船舶横摇运动预测模型。该模型利用最优变分模态分解方法,将船舶横摇运动数据分解成多个不同频率尺度且相对平稳的模态分量;基于最大Lyapunov指数对各模态分量进行混沌性判定;对非混沌分量进行单维LSTM预测,对混沌分量利用C-C方法重构相空间后进行多维LSTM预测;将所有分量预测结果线性组合,得到船舶横摇运动预测输出。通过仿真试验与ARIMA、BP、LSTM模型进行对比,结果验证了模型在提高船舶横摇运动预测精度方面的优越性。

海浪扰动下电液3-UPS/S舰船并联稳定平台振动特性分析

针对电液驱动的舰船并联稳定平台在实际工况下的振动问题,以电液3-UPS/S舰船并联稳定平台为研究对象,在考虑铰链刚度的基础上应用虚功原理建立稳定平台的动力学模型;通过海浪谱函数,计算了随机海浪激励下船舶的运动响应,进而得到稳定平台跟踪舰船运动的响应规律;分析了稳定平台在随机海浪激励条件下和初始工作空间内的固有频率变化特性;最后,为验证动力学模型的正确性,采用脉冲激励法对稳定平台样机进行模态试验,固有频率理论值与试验值的最大误差为4.66%,可以验证动力学模型的正确性。

洋山港VTS报告船舶流的统计特性

为分析某水域船舶流特征和运行规律,量化研究船舶流到港规律,为港口营运和船舶交通管理(vessel traffic services, VTS)提供数据支持,以洋山港水域2020年66 d内连续的1387条VTS实测船舶流记录数据为统计样本,基于矩估计理论的K-S检验和χ^(2)检验,从拟合最优的角度对船舶到港情况进行参数估计。结果表明,洋山港水域VTS报告的船舶在8、9月的船舶流样本服从正态分布,7月船舶流样本不服从泊松分布和正态分布,证明船舶流的分布特征随环境和时间因素变化显著,仅采用泊松分布或正态分布并不能全面描述水域交通流特征。相关研究结论可为船舶流特征分析、通航调度等相关研究提供借鉴和参考。